RESUMEN
Soil heavy metal removal strategies are increasingly valued for effectively reducing contamination and preventing secondary pollution. In this work, a double network hydrogel (Fe2O3@LH), consisting of lignosulfonate (LS) and polyacrylamide with embedded Fe2O3 nanoparticles, was synthesized successfully via a one-pot method and subsequently applied to adsorb lead (Pb) from contaminated soil. Incorporating Fe2O3 into the hydrogel enhances the adsorption capacity of Fe2O3@LH for Pb(II). The Fe2O3@LH hydrogel demonstrates a maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 143.11 mg g-1, with Pb(II) removal mechanisms involving electrostatic adsorption, cation exchange, precipitation reactions, and the formation of coordination complexes, achieving a 22.3 % maximum removal efficiency in soil cultivation experiments. Additionally, the application of Fe2O3@LH markedly reduces the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the soil, meanwhile enhances the levels of total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 23.1 %, 10.6 %, and 16.9 %, respectively. Following 90 days of continuous application in the soil, the recovery rate of Fe2O3@LH remains above 75 %. The toxicity assay using zebrafish larvae indicates that Fe2O3@LH demonstrates good biosafety. This study demonstrates the considerable potential of Fe2O3@LH hydrogel for practical application in reducing Pb(II) levels in contaminated soil.
RESUMEN
Chicken feathers represent a viable material for producing biochar adsorbents. Traditional slow pyrolysis methods often result in sulfur element losses from chicken feathers, whereas hydrothermal reactions generate substantial amounts of nutrient-rich hydrothermal liquor. Magnesium-modified high-sulfur hydrochar MWF was synthesized through magnesium modification, achieving a S content of 3.68%. The maximum equilibrium adsorption amounts of MWF for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were 25.12 mg·g-1 and 70.41 mg·g-1, respectively, representing 4.00 times and 2.75 times of WF. Magnesium modification elevated the sulfur content, pH, ash content, and electronegativity of MWF. The primary mechanisms behind MWF's adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ involve magnesium ion exchange and complexation with C=O/O=C-O, quaternary N, and S functional groups. MWF maintains robust stability and antioxidative properties, even with low aromaticity levels. Given the lower energy consumption during hydrochar production, MWF offers notable carbon sequestration benefits. The hydrothermal solution derived from MWF is nutrient-rich. Following supplementation with inorganic fertilizer, the hydrothermal solution of MWF significantly enhanced bok choy growth compared to the control group. In general, adopting magnesium-modified hydrothermal reactions to produce hydrochar and converting the resultant hydrothermal solution into water-soluble fertilizer proves a viable strategy for the eco-friendly utilization of chicken feathers. This approach carries substantial value for heavy metal remediation and agricultural practices.
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil has been an elevated concern due to the high health risks associated with the transfer through the soil-food chain, particularly in the case of rice. Recently, there has numerous researches on the use of nanoparticle-loaded materials for heavy metal-polluted soil remediation, resulting in favorable outcomes. However, there has been limited research focus on the field-scale application and recovery. This study was aimed to validate the Cd reduction effect of the nano-FeS loaded lignin hydrogel composites (FHC) in mildly polluted paddies, and to propose a field-scale application method. Hence, a multi-site field experiment was conducted in southern China. After the application for 94-103 days, the FHC exhibited a high integrity and elasticity, with a recovery rate of 91.90%. The single-round remediation led to decreases of 0.42-31.72% in soil Cd content and 1.52-49.11% in grain Cd content. Additionally, this remediation technique did not adversely impact rice production. Consequently, applying FHC in the field was demonstrated to be an innovative, efficient, and promising remediation technology. Simultaneously, a strategy was proposed for reducing Cd levels while cultivating rice in mildly polluted fields using the FHC.
Asunto(s)
Oryza , Contaminantes del Suelo , Cadmio/análisis , Lignina , Hidrogeles , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , SueloRESUMEN
Brevilin A (BA) is the primary component of Centipeda minima, which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties of BA have been established; however, its function in bone metabolism is not well understood. This study revealed that concentrations of BA below 1.0 µM did not inhibit the proliferation of bone marrow macrophages but did impede the differentiation and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Furthermore, BA suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes Mmp9, Acp5, Dc-stamp, Ctsk, and Atp6v0d2. In addition, mTOR, ERK, and NFATc1 activation in bone marrow macrophages were suppressed by BA. As a whole, BA blocks the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, which is responsible for the development and activity of osteoclasts, and the resorption of bone.
Asunto(s)
Resorción Ósea , Osteoclastos , Animales , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Resorción Ósea/genética , Resorción Ósea/patología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/farmacología , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/genética , Factores de Transcripción NFATC/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Osteogénesis/genéticaRESUMEN
The development of integrated circuits has increased the size of chip interconnects, which has brought challenges to interconnect design in chip packages. The closer the spacing between interconnects, the higher the space utilization, which can cause severe crosstalk problems in high-speed circuits. In this paper, we applied delay-insensitive coding to the design of high-speed package interconnects. We also analyzed the effect of delay-insensitive coding on crosstalk improvement in package interconnects at 26 GHz for its high crosstalk immunity. Compared to the synchronous transmission circuit, the 1-of-2 and 1-of-4 encoded circuits designed in this paper can reduce crosstalk peaks by 22.9% and 17.5% on average at a wiring spacing of 1-7 µm, which can achieve closer wiring spacing.