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Chemoresistance and migration represent major obstacles in the therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer patients in clinic. In the present study, we report that the compound C1632 is preferentially distributed in the lung after oral administration in vivo with high bioavailability and limited inhibitory effects on CYP450 isoenzymes. We found that C1632 could simultaneously inhibit the expression of LIN28 and block FGFR1 signalling transduction in NSCLC A549 and A549R cells, resulting in significant decreases in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Consequently, C1632 effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and A549R cells. Meanwhile, C1632 significantly suppressed the cell viability and the colony formation of A549 and A549R cells by inhibiting DNA replication and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, compared with A549 cells, C1632 possesses the same or even better anti-migration and anti-proliferation effects on A549R cells, regardless of drug resistance. In addition, C1632 also displayed the capacity to inhibit the growth of A549R xenograft tumours in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal the potential of C1632 as a promising anti-NSCLC agent, especially for chemotherapy-resistant NSCLC treatment.

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There remains a critical need for more effective therapies for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is the leading cause of death in patients with prostate cancer. In this study, a series of sanjuanolide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anti-CRPC agents. Most of the compounds had excellent selectivity for CRPC cells with IC50 values < 20 µM. Moreover, minimal side effects on human normal hepatic MIHA cells and normal prostatic stromal myofibroblast WPMY-1 cells were observed, with IC50 > 100 µM. The representative compound S07 slowed down the proliferative rate of CRPC cells, promoted cell apoptosis and caused G2/M phase accumulation, as well as G1/G0 phase reduction. Further mechanistic studies showed that S07 treatment triggered intense DNA damage and provoked strong DNA damage response in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggested that sanjuanolide derivatives, especially S07, selectively induced CRPC cell death by triggering intense DNA damage and DNA damage response.

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A theoretical investigation for the feasibility of laser cooling BN-anion is presented. An ab initio calculation on the three low-lying states Χ2Σ+, Α2Π and Β2Σ+ are performed at the CASSCF/MRCI + Q level. The calculated spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with the available theoretical and experimental data. Radiative properties including Franck-Condon factor, Einstein coefficients and radiative lifetimes are determined. The calculation shows that the transition B2Σ+(v')↔X2Σ+(v'') has highly diagonal FCFs, especially f00 = 0.9898, and enough short radiative lifetimes. A cooling scheme by three laser beams is proposed, which requires one main pumping laser(λ00 = 474.67 nm) and two repumping lasers (λ01 = 514.64 nm, λ12= 514.90 nm). The population dynamics of cooling is investigated with the rate equation approach. The simulation demonstrates that the population does not remain trapped within the intermediate Α2Π state. The resultant scattered photons are about2.5×104, which is expected to stop BN-anion molecule in a cryogenic beam theoretically.

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A novel series of novel N-substituted (indole or indazole) benzamides were synthesized, and their anti-tumor properties were evaluated. The majority of tested compounds possessed moderate cytotoxicity, but inspiringly, we verified that active compound 5d presents an astonishing advantage by inhibiting the adhesion, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we confirmed 5d inhibited the migration ability of OS cells via the expression of genes related to adhesion, migration, and invasion. This effects of 5d suggest that it can be used as a potential chemotherapeutic drug to some aggressive and/or metastatic cancers, as well as in combination with other clinical anti-cancer drugs. In turn, this could enhance the therapeutic effect or reduce the risk of cell migration.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of silybin on the pharmacokinetics of brexpiprazole and the underlying mechanism in rats. Two groups of animals received silybin at different doses (50 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while another group was given vehicle alone. After that, rats were intragastrically administrated with 2 mg/kg brexpiprazole. Then, the tail blood and liver tissues were collected from each rat at different time points. Brexpiprazole in serum was determined by an established UPLC-MS/MS assay. Finally, pharmacokinetic parameters of animals in each group were figured out. The results show that silybin remarkably changed the pharmacokinetic properties of brexpiprazole, especially at the highest dose. AUC and Cmax in the combination group with 50 mg/kg silybin were enhanced approximately 4 times as much as after a single dose of brexpiprazole, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, total liver protein of each sample was extracted, and was subjected to immunoblotting assay for probing CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Therein CYP3A4 was significantly downregulated compared to the control group. Overall, silybin can increase blood concentration of brexpiprazole in rat by downregulating its main metabolic enzyme CYP3A4. Therefore, the maintenance dose of brexpiprazole should be decreased while co-treating with silybin.

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WZ35 is a monocarbonyl analog of curcumin, which had been proved advantage over curcumin in chemical stability and antitumor activity. However, its pharmacokinetic profile has not been determined. In the present study, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed to detect concentration of WZ35 in rat plasma. Subsequently, pharmacokinetic study showed that the oral bioavailability of WZ35 is 10.56%. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) plays a major role in metabolizing exogenous substance. The concentration of WZ35 was sharply decreased while incubating with microsome. It's indicated that WZ35 is a substrate of CYP450s. Molecular docking assay showed that WZ35 can combine with CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 to form much more stable complex. The lowest docking energy was generated in complex with CYP2E1. The inhibition of CYP450s by WZ35 was also evaluated. Pan inhibitions of WZ35 on rat CYP3A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, and -CYP2E1 were observed by detecting probe substrates (midazolam, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone) and metabolites accordingly. On an average, 80% activities of enzymes were blocked. Mechanistically, the inhibitions of WZ35 on CYP3A2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1 were in a time-dependent manner according to the results of IC50 shift assay. The collective data demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of monocarbonyl analog of curcumin has significantly improved compared to curcumin. It's both the substrate and inhibitor of CYP450s through in a time-dependent mechanism.

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Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is a co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responsible for the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates a series of TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses in inflammatory lung diseases including acute lung injury (ALI). Targeting MD2 thus may provide a therapeutic strategy against these lung diseases. In this study, we identified a novel compound 4k with the potent anti-inflammatory activity among 39 methyl gallate derivatives (MGDs). MGD 4k exhibited a high binding affinity to MD2, which in turn prevented the formation of the LPS/MD2/TLR4 complex. In addition, MGD 4k significantly reversed the upregulation of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MGD 4k performed anti-inflammatory function by inactivating JNK, ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Taken together, our study identified MGD 4k as a novel potential therapeutic agent for ALI through inhibiting MD2, inflammatory responses, and major inflammation-associated signaling pathways.

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Three new sterols, (24R)-5,28-stigmastadiene-3ß,24-diol-7-one (1), (24S)-5,28-stigmastadiene-3ß,24-diol-7-one (2), and 24R and 24S-vinylcholesta-3ß,5α,6ß,24-tetraol (3), together with three known sterols (4-6) were isolated from the green alga Ulva australis. The structures of the new compounds (1-3) were elucidated through 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Compounds 4-6 were identified as isofucoterol (4), 24R,28S and 24S,28R-epoxy-24-ethylcholesterol (5), and (24S)-stigmastadiene-3ß,24-diol (6) on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses and comparison with those reported in the literature. Compounds 4-6 were isolated from U. australis for the first time. These compounds, together with the previously isolated secondary metabolites of this alga, were investigated for their inhibitory effects on human recombinant aldose reductase in vitro. Of the compounds, 24R,28S and 24S,28R-epoxy-24-ethylcholesterol (5), 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6'-sulfo-α-d-quinovopyranosyl) glycerol, (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[α-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)ß-d-galactopyranosyl] glycerol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 8-hydroxy-(6E)-octenoic acid weakly inhibited the enzyme, while the three new sterols, 1-3, were almost inactive.

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