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AIM: USEPA Method 1623, or its equivalent, is currently used to monitor for protozoan contamination of surface drinking water sources worldwide. At least three approved staining kits used for detecting Cryptosporidium and Giardia are commercially available. This study focuses on understanding the differences among staining kits used for Method 1623. METHODS AND RESULTS: Merifluor and EasyStain labelling kits were used to monitor Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst densities in New York City's raw surface water sources. In the year following a change to the approved staining kits for use with Method 1623, an anomaly was noted in the occurrence of Giardia cysts in New York City's raw surface water. Specifically, Merifluor-stained samples had higher Giardia cyst densities as compared with those stained with EasyStain. Side by side comparison revealed significantly lower fluorescence intensities of Giardia muris as compared with Giardia duodenalis cysts when labelled with EasyStain. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed very poor fluorescence intensity signals by EasyStain on G. muris cysts resulting in lower cyst counts, while Merifluor, with its broader Giardia cyst staining specificity, resulted in higher cyst counts, when using Methods 1623. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results suggest that detected Giardia cyst concentrations are dependent on the staining kits used, which can result in a more or less conservative estimation of occurrences and densities of zoonotic Giardia cysts by detecting a broader range of Giardia species/Assemblages.

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La importancia en la detección de la amplificación del gen HER2 es esencial en el cáncer de mama puesto que estas pacientes no responden a los tratamientos de quimioterapia y hormonales convencionales. La determinación del HER2 tiene un papel crucial como diana terapéutica del trastuzumab. A continuación discutiremos la efectividad y utilidad clínica de la técnica hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH), la hibridación in situ cromogénica (CISH) y la hibridación in situ cromogénica con plata (SISH), como métodos usados para el estudio del gen HER2 en la selección correcta de las pacientes con cáncer de mama, que son candidatas a recibir trastuzumab(AU)

The importance of determining HER2 status lays on the fact that breast cancer patients with HER2 amplification are more reluctant to conventional chemotherapy and hormonal treatments. Thus the HER2 analysis is an essential requisite to determine which patients are eligible to be treated with trastuzumab. The aim of this article is reviewing the effectiveness and clinical utility of HER 2 diagnostic test with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and silver chromogenic in situ hybridization (SISH) to correctly select breast cancer patients who are candidates to be treated with trastuzumab(AU)

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Bioassay-guided investigation of the ethanol extract of Peperomia galioides using a tensile strength method in mice as a monitor led to the isolation of epi-alpha-bisabolol (1) (ED(50) 155 microg/mL). An in vivo healing study of selected commercially available monoterpenoids yielded two bioactive compounds, alpha-bisabolol (2) and alpha-terpineol (3) (ED(50) of 228 and 240 microg/g mouse[corrected], respectively).

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The medicinal uses of local flora from the Callejón de Huaylas, Department of Ancash, northeastern Perú, are reported. This geographical area has an old tradition of herbal healing. A total of 33 species have been documented through interactions with village elders, traditional doctors and herbalists. Of the 33 medicinal plant species surveyed in the Callejón de Huaylas, six have not been previously reported, seven have received only minor phytochemical coverage in the literature, and the medicinal uses of seven other plants have not been corroborated with traditional medicinal reports from around the world. The traditional medicinal uses of six medicinal plants have been corroborated with previously published reports but their biological activities have yet to be confirmed in the laboratory. The medicinal uses of four other plants have been corroborated with previously published reports and their biological activities have been confirmed in the laboratory. The purported medicinal use of three plant species could not be confirmed in the laboratory.

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Folk medicine practitioners in Perú employ plant preparations as wound-healing agents on superficial and internal wounds (gastric ulcers). The results of a scientific evaluation of the wound-healing activity of nine plants found in the Amazon jungle near Iquitos and in the Andes mountains is presented. The species studied were: Peperomia galioides, Mentzelia cordifolia, Mutisia acuminata, Himatanthus sucuuba, Spondias mombin, Eleutherine bulbosa, Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia, Anredera diffusa and Jatropha curcas. These plants have also been examined for their toxicological properties, their effect on blood pressure, smooth muscle and capillary permeability. Significant wound-healing activity was detected in Peperomia galioides, Anredera diffusa and Jatropha curcas. Extracts from Peperomia galioides and Anredera diffusa had no effect on cell proliferation and did not exhibit mutagenic activity.

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Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 85 años con un cáncer de próstata avanzado, quien sufrió concomitantemente obstrucción parcial por una tumoración localizada en el duodeno, histológicamente dicho tumor fue similar a la neoplasia prostática. La prueba de Inmunohistoquímica del Antígeno Prostático específico en la tumoración duodenal fue negativa.

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The incidence, histology, and proposed origin of Warthin's tumor are discussed in conjunction with an extremely rare occurrence of simultaneous bilateral tumors in two women. Only two of such cases have been reported before in the literature.

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