RESUMEN
Radical and/or reconstructive operations on the breast are a common surgical procedure. Despite treatment advances, this surgical intervention is frequently associated with postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting. When used during breast cancer operations, multi-injection thoracic paravertebral anesthesia (TPVA) has the potential that is necessary for the long-term preventive treatment of pain with fewer numbers of complications. The authors compared TPVA with general anesthesia in 180 patients (with the morphologically verified diagnosis of breast cancer) when radical and/or reconstructive operations were performed on the breast. According to the type of anesthesia, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 90 persons in each: (1) those undergoing TPVA with intravenous sedation; (2) those who were given the traditional multicomponent general anesthesia. Postoperative pain was much less in the TPVA group following 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours (p < 0.01) at rest and in motion. There is evidence suggesting that it is just the procedure that may become a main alternative to the traditional general anesthesia in a clinic that has sufficient experience with regional anesthesia and appropriate equipment, with minimum complications and a qualitatively better period of recovery.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Raquidea/métodos , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Vértebras Torácicas , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia General , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Espinales , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The effects of the intranasal administration of preparations made from the cerebrospinal fluid of male and female opiate users on the open-field rat behavior were studied. Behavioral differences were demonstrated in the effects of preparations from female and male cerebrospinal fluid. The administration of the "male" preparation produced a significant decrease in the locomotor activity and increase in the immobilization time and grooming duration, while the "female" preparation had the opposite effects. These differences may result from different content of endogenous and exogenous opiates and dopamine (and its metabolites) in the cerebrospinal fluid of male and female opiate users.
Asunto(s)
Aseo Animal/fisiología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores SexualesAsunto(s)
Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Histamina/metabolismo , Receptores Histamínicos H2/metabolismo , Adenilil Ciclasas/metabolismo , Animales , Membrana Celular/enzimología , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Etilmaleimida/farmacología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Yodoacetatos/farmacología , Rana ridibunda , Reactivos de Sulfhidrilo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Free radical processes in the alveolar and interstitial macrophages were compared for patients with different forms of tuberculosis, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and cancer of the lungs. Alveolar macrophages were found to have more active free radical processes than interstitial macrophages. Chronic transformation of pulmonary tuberculosis results in activation of free radical processes in pulmonary macrophages. Differences in the value of alveolar macrophages chemiluminescence maximum and time of its appearance may facilitate differential diagnosis between tuberculosis, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and cancer of the lungs.
Asunto(s)
Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Luminol/farmacología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Macrófagos Alveolares/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitosis , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of mouse peritoneal macrophages during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan was studied by using specific active oxygen scavengers and metabolic inhibitors. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion were shown to contribute immensely to the induction of the chemiluminescence. The role of the hydroxyl radical was rather insignificant, whereas singlet oxygen was not involved in this process. The interaction between luminol and peroxide was shown to be peroxidase-dependent. An inhibitory analysis revealed that the interaction between luminol, peroxide and superoxide anion obeyed a hybrid enzyme-free radical mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Mediciones Luminiscentes , Luminol/química , Macrófagos/química , Oxígeno/química , Animales , Catalasa/química , Radicales Libres , Cinética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Peróxidos/química , Superóxido Dismutasa/química , Zimosan/químicaRESUMEN
The treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes with serotonin at concentrations 10(-3) and 10(-5) M over 20 minutes decreases a zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of cells, whereas a 5 minutes treatment with serotonin at the concentration of 10(-5) M increases the chemoluminescence. The correlated change in monocyte capacity of secreting hydrogen peroxide has been registered. Serotonin activates, to a little extent, the monocyte capacity of phagocytizing the opsonised sheep erythrocyte. The maximum increase (2-3 times) of intracellular cAMP content and the decrease in cytosol cAMP-binding capacity are registered after a 5 minutes incubation. The lowering of the share of irreversibly bound in vitro cAMP under the influence of serotonin may suggest a preferable binding of cyclic nucleotide in vivo by regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I.
Asunto(s)
Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Serotonina/farmacología , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/inmunología , Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/sangre , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/sangre , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Proteínas Opsoninas/inmunología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitosis/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Zimosan/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Bronchoscopy by laser radiation was performed in 141 patients. CO2 laser was used in 89 patients: 25 had pulmonary tuberculosis, 6 tumours, 35 stump inflammation, and 23 other diseases. YAG laser was used in 52 patients: 15 of them had tumours, 21 bronchial tuberculosis, 6 osteochondropathy and 10 other diseases. A good therapeutic result was obtained in most patients but in certain cases (malignant tumours) it was palliative. Special features and technical difficulties encountered during work with different types of lasers in fibroscopy under anesthesia and in fibrobronchoscopy under local narcosis are discussed. No complications were registered. Formation of the so-called "white thrombus" at the site of laser photodestruction was described which required removal during control bronchoscopy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Bronquios/cirugía , Terapia por Láser , Neoplasias de la Tráquea/cirugía , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/cirugía , Enfermedades Bronquiales/cirugía , Broncoscopía , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Cuerpos Extraños/cirugía , Humanos , Pulmón/cirugía , Enfermedades Pulmonares/cirugía , Estenosis Traqueal/cirugíaRESUMEN
The effects of various modifiers upon the interaction of LPS- and BCG-activated macrophages with cells of mastocytoma P815 have been investigated. The efficiency of binding and lysis of the tumor cells is to a great extent determined by activation of the effector-cells, expression of the trypsin-sensitive receptors on the surface of macrophages, and by the type of target-cells. Introduction into the analytical system (effector-target) of unlabeled tumor cells or membrane preparations obtained from them inhibits substantially both binding and lytic activity of cytotoxic macrophages. If nontransformed cells or their membranes are applied, no significant changes in the investigated processes can be detected. Trypsinization of tumor cells as well as of activated but not resident macrophages modifies considerably the interaction of effectors with targets. The quantity of tumor cells bound with macrophages does not depend on the fact, which of the partners is subject to trypsinization, but it is much less than that of target-cells bound in the control. The incubation of activated macrophages with actinomycin D results in a substantial suppression of their lytic activity, whereas treatment of tumor cells with this inhibitor of protein synthesis leads to a considerable decrease in stability of the targets against lytic activity of the factor activated by effectors. The obtained data reveal the ways of selective binding and effective lysis of transformed targets by activated macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/fisiología , Activación de Macrófagos/fisiología , Macrófagos/fisiología , Mastocitosis/metabolismo , Fagocitos/fisiología , Animales , Líquido Ascítico/citología , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/fisiología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/fisiología , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mastocitosis/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Fagocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Alveolos Pulmonares/citología , Ratas , Tripsina/farmacología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
It has been shown that the induction of cytolytic activity in macrophages cause remarkable metabolic and morpho-structural shifts in effector cells, such as: 1) an expression of trypsin-sensitive receptors responsible for macrophage binding to malignant cells; 2) some differences in macrophage sensitivity to the cAMP system modifiers dependent on the activation inducer nature; 3) an enhanced production of oxygen metabolites directly involved in oxygen-dependent cytotoxicity of macrophages; 4) augmentation of lysosomal contents and activation of lysosomal enzymes. The inhibitor analysis enabled us to identify the main lytic components acting in the process of cytolytic functioning of macrophages of different origin and activation.
Asunto(s)
Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/fisiología , Activación de Macrófagos/fisiología , Macrófagos/fisiología , Fagocitos/fisiología , Animales , Líquido Ascítico/citología , Membrana Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas/fisiología , AMP Cíclico/fisiología , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Lisosomas/enzimología , Masculino , Mastocitosis/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Alveolos Pulmonares/citología , Ratas , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The capacity of mouse peritoneal macrophages to luminol-dependent zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was investigated. It was revealed that a short-term incubation (5-10 min) of macrophages in 0.05-0.50% ethanol resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of chemiluminescent response. Ethanol induce a sharp 2-3 fold increase in the intracellular cAMP content after a 2 minutes incubation. The temporal and concentration correlation of both the processes suggests that the inhibition of chemiluminescence may be mediated by the intracellular cAMP content.
Asunto(s)
AMP Cíclico/fisiología , Etanol/farmacología , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células Cultivadas/química , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/análisis , Depresión Química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Luminol/farmacología , Macrófagos/química , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Factores de Tiempo , Zimosan/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The activity of cAMP-dependent histone kinases (HK) and cAMP-independent casein kinases (CK) as well as cAMP level were assessed in gastric mucosa affected by various forms of gastritis as well as in gastric tumor and adjacent normal tissue. CK activity was higher whereas that of HK and cAMP level were lower in tumor and at a distance of 5-20 cm from its edge as compared to gastritis. CK/HK cAMP ratio in adenocarcinoma was 6 times that in normal tissue and 2-2.5 times that in gastritis. The data obtained and those published earlier suggest the relative increase in cAMP-independent protein phosphorylation with respect to its cAMP-dependent counterpart to be characteristic of human tumors.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Gastritis Atrófica/metabolismo , Gastroscopía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosforilación , Protamina Quinasa/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
The influence of exogenous horse-radish peroxidase on the capacity of mouse peritoneal macrophages to luminol-dependent chemiluminescence induced by zymosan was investigated. It was revealed that peroxidase (1-50 mg/ml) increased the chemiluminescence in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum increase of the response (4-6 times) was obtained with the enzyme concentration being 10 mg/ml. It is found that peroxidase acts as a co-oxidant of the peroxide-dependent extracellular luminol oxidation. The including of the enzyme into macrophages makes it possible to register the intracellular chemiluminescence.
Asunto(s)
Peroxidasa de Rábano Silvestre/farmacología , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Luminol/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Catalasa/farmacología , Sistema Libre de Células/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Libre de Células/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Cavidad Peritoneal/citología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitosis/fisiología , Zimosan/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A study is presented of 52 patients with disseminated pulmonary lesions. Among them: histiocytosis X--17, alveolar microlithiasis--5, pulmonary phospholipoproteinosis--7, idiopathic hemosiderosis--14, primary pulmonary amyloidosis--1, primary diffuse lung tumours--8. All patients were subjected to complex bronchological examination including use of different biopsy transbronchial methods as well as open biopsy of the lung. The diagnostic value of the employed bronchial biopsies is discussed. A diagnostic algorithm of rarely met pulmonary disseminations has been developed. Recommendations on the use of different instrumental methods are formulated.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia con Aguja , Bronquios/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Broncoscopía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Tecnología de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Activity of cAMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases as well as content of cAMP were studied in biopsy preparations of gastric mucosal membranes obtained from patients with superficial gastritis, erosion, ulcer, adenomatous polyps and ulcer after treatment with laser irradiation. All the patterns studied were similar in preparations of adenomatous polyps and normal mucosal membrane. Activity of cAMP-independent protein kinases was increased under conditions of erosion, ulcer, gastroduodenal reflux and, especially, in ulcer tissue treated with laser. However, the ratio between cAMP-independent and -dependent phosphorylation was increased only in 50% of ulcerous diseases and in gastroduodenal reflux. The equilibrium of cAMP-dependent and -independent phosphorylation was not altered in the other impairments studied even though benign proliferation was stimulated using laser irradiation.
Asunto(s)
AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Gastropatías/metabolismo , Anciano , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosforilación , Gastropatías/enzimologíaRESUMEN
The author discusses the results of studying in dynamics the cardiac output during infusion therapy conducted at the same rate in patients in the postoperative period. A pathogenetic scheme of the response of the cardiovascular system to the volume load is suggested.