RESUMEN
A 39-year-old woman on long-term hemodialysis presented with a history of rapidly progressive paraplegia. Radiological examination showed a compression fracture of seventh thoracic vertebra and expansive mass lesion in the posterior elements of the fourth thoracic vertebra. Laboratory tests on admission showed serum calcium of 11.9 mg/dl, phosphate 6.0 mg/dl, and the high-sensitive parathyroid hormone level of 139,191 pg/ml measured by radioimmunoassay. Percutaneous biopsy of the expansive mass showed a large number of multinucleated giant cells in a fibroblastic stroma containing abundant hemosiderin. Tumor resection and anterior interbody fusion with artificial bone graft was performed on 14th hospital day. Paraplegia gradually improved postoperatively. Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid gland were subsequently performed. Nodular hyperplasia was evident in the parathyroid glands by light microscopy. Brown tumor is rarely found in vertebral bone and this is the sixth case of such tumor in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Asunto(s)
Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/complicaciones , Diálisis Renal , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Vértebras Torácicas , Adulto , Femenino , Fracturas Espontáneas/etiología , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/etiología , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/patología , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Secundario/cirugía , Paraplejía/etiología , Paratiroidectomía , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/patología , Vértebras Torácicas/lesiones , Vértebras Torácicas/patologíaRESUMEN
This study was undertaken to investigate the relative importance of a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and the macrotexture of titanium implants to the quality of bony ingrowth and fixation. Various types of titanium cylinders were implanted into the cancellous bone of the intercondylar region of the distal femur of the dog. The animals were sacrificed at intervals post-implantation and the implants were evaluated histologically for amount of bony ingrowth and mechanically by the means of a push-out test. Our results demonstrated that when grooved titanium implants are used, the addition of HA coating significantly improved the biologic fixation. In addition, a groove depth of 1 mm was found to give significantly better fixation than 2 mm. When compared to implants with traditional, beads-coated porous surfaces, HA-coated grooved titanium implants were found to show better fixation at 4 weeks after implantation, but, significantly inferior fixation at 12 weeks after implantation. We concluded that while a groove depth of 1 mm was optimal in HA-coated, grooved titanium implants, they remain inferior to beads-coated titanium implants with respect to longer-term fixation. More research needs to be addressed at improving the macrotexture environment of grooved implants to enhance long-term bony ingrowth.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Durapatita , Implantes Experimentales , Oseointegración , Titanio , Animales , Perros , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
We developed a new titanium spray technique using an inert gas shielded arc spray (titanium arc spray). Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating can be applied to the implant without any surface pore obstruction after the rough surface is made by this technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of various porous implant surfaces after HA-coating revealed that the bead and fiber metal-coated implants had either a pore obstruction or an uneven HA-coating. On the other hand, the titanium arc sprayed implant demonstrated an even HA-coating all the way to the bottom of the surface pore. In the first set of animal experiments (Exp. 1), the interfacial shear strength to bone of four kinds of cylindrical Ti-6A1-4V (Ti) implants were compared using a canine transcortical push-out model 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The implant surfaces were roughened by titanium arc spray (group A-C) and sand blasting (group D) to four different degrees (roughness average, Ra = group A: 56.1, B: 44.9, C: 28.3, D: 3.7 microns). The interfacial shear strength increased in a surface roughness-dependent manner at both time periods. However, the roughest implants (group A) showed some failed regions in the sprayed layers after pushout test. In the second set of animal experiments (Exp. 2), four kinds of Ti implants; HA-coated smooth Ti (sHA) with Ra of 3.4 microns, bead-coated Ti (Beads), titanium arc sprayed Ti (Ti-spray) with Ra of 38.1 microns and HA-coated Ti-spray (HA + Ti-spray) with Ra of 28.3 microns were compared using the same model as that in Exp. 1. The interfacial shear strength of HA + Ti-spray was significantly greater than that of sHA and Beads at both time periods, and that of Ti-spray at 4 weeks. Although a histological examination revealed that HA-coating enhanced bone ingrowth, sHA showed the lowest shear strength at both time periods. SEM after pushout test showed that sHA consistently demonstrated some regional failure at the HA-implant substrate interface. HA + Ti-spray had many failed regions either at the HA-bone interface or within the bone tissue rather than at the HA-implant substrate interface. These results suggested that the HA-coated smooth surfaced implants had a mechanical weakness at the HA-substrate interface. Therefore, HA should be coated on the rough surfaced implants to avoid a detachment of the HA-coating layer from the substrate and thus obtain a mechanical anchoring strength to bone. HA-coating on this new type of surface morphology may thus lead to a solution to the problems of conventional HA-coated and porous-coated implants.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Huesos , Durapatita , Prótesis e Implantes , Titanio , Aleaciones , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Huesos/citología , Huesos/patología , Huesos/ultraestructura , Perros , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Propiedades de Superficie , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
We evaluated intraocular lens (IOL) decentration resulting from asymmetric capsular shrinkage. In 19 eyes of 10 white rabbits, a D-shaped incision was made in the anterior capsule and one of three IOL types implanted in the capsular bag: three-piece with polypropylene haptics, one-piece all-poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or compressible disk. Eight weeks later, eyes were enucleated for assessment of IOL decentration. Mean decentration was 0.75 mm for three-piece IOLs, 0.46 mm for one-piece IOLs, and 0.30 mm for compressible-disk lenses. Decentration was significantly less in eyes with compressible-disk lenses than in those with three-piece IOLs. Although decentration was less with the compressible-disk lens, the lens is not commonly used because of the large incision and special insertion technique required. If an open-loop IOL is to be used in eyes at risk for asymmetric capsular shrinkage, our results indicate that an all-PMMA one-piece IOL would be preferable to a three-piece lens with a polypropylene haptic.
Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata , Cápsula del Cristalino/patología , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Diseño de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Animales , Metilmetacrilato , Metilmetacrilatos , Polipropilenos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , ConejosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The spreading of epithelium is critical in the healing of corneal wounds. Such epithelial spreading requires the continuous production of protein and glycoprotein. To determine whether collagen production is required for the spreading of corneal epithelium, we studied the effects of inhibitors for collagen production on spreading of corneal epithelium in vitro. METHODS: We examined the effect of two proline analogs, L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid and cis-hydroxyproline, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and a lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor, minoxidil, on the spreading of epithelium of organ-cultured rabbit cornea. RESULTS: Both analogs and inhibitors inhibited epithelial spreading in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that collagen production may be involved in the spreading of corneal epithelium.
Asunto(s)
Córnea/fisiología , Procolágeno-Lisina 2-Oxoglutarato 5-Dioxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Procolágeno-Prolina Dioxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Epitelio/fisiología , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , Minoxidil/farmacología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Órganos , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Inhibidores de la Síntesis de la Proteína/farmacología , ConejosRESUMEN
The affinity of the tibia bone for cylinders of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Ti-6Al-4V was investigated in three experimental animal models: intact rat tibiae, ovariectomized rat tibiae and ovariectomized plus neurectomized rat tibiae. The affinity index (the length of bone directly apposed to the implant/the total length of the bone-implant interface x 100%) was calculated. In intact and ovariectomized tibiae, no significant difference existed between the affinity index of HA and Ti-6Al-4V. In ovariectomized plus neurectomized tibiae, the affinity index of HA was greater than for Ti-6Al-4V from 8 to 24 wk after implantation (8 wk, P < 0.05; 12 wk, P < 0.005; 24 wk, P < 0.05). The affinity index of Ti-6Al-4V in normal tibiae was greater than that in ovariectomized or ovariectomized plus neurectomized tibiae. There was no significant difference of the affinity index of HA between normal, ovariectomized or ovariectomized plus neurectomized tibiae. Osteoporotic bone demonstrated a greater affinity to HA than Ti-6Al-4V in an experimental animal model.
Asunto(s)
Durapatita , Osteoporosis/terapia , Prótesis e Implantes , Titanio , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles , Femenino , Modelos Biológicos , Osteoporosis/etiología , Ovariectomía , Radiografía , Ratas , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tibia/patologíaRESUMEN
Most posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) in common use today measure 13.5 mm to 14.0 mm in diameter. Some investigators recommend using smaller lenses (e.g., 12.0 mm to 12.5 mm). To investigate the effect of smaller lenses, experimental phacoemulsification procedures were performed in 16 eyes of white rabbits using two intraocular lens sizes: 14.0 mm and 12.5 mm. Each lens was evaluated for its effects on posterior capsule opacification and optic decentration, two of the most common complications of modern cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. The 12.5 mm lens showed a slightly smaller amount of decentration than the larger lens and a comparable amount of posterior capsule opacification.
Asunto(s)
Catarata/etiología , Cápsula del Cristalino/patología , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Diseño de Prótesis , Animales , Catarata/patología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Metilmetacrilato , Metilmetacrilatos , ConejosRESUMEN
We examined the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc) on the healing of alkali-burned corneas in rabbits. Round filter paper containing 1 N NaOH was applied to the central cornea for 60 or 120 s to produce the alkali burn. Animals were treated with topical saline, 10% ascorbate, or 6.5% P-Asc applied on the cornea. The corneas were then examined histologically. Burned stroma showed no toluidine blue staining, indicating a loss of glycosaminoglycan. In the 60-s burn group, P-Asc reduced the size of the unstained area as compared with the control. Transmission electron microscopy showed basal lamina under new epithelia in the corneas treated with ascorbate or P-Asc, but not in controls. These observations support the theory that P-Asc may have a therapeutic role in the repair of corneal alkali burns.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Membrana Basal/efectos de los fármacos , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Membrana Basal/ultraestructura , Quemaduras Químicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Quemaduras Químicas/patología , Córnea/ultraestructura , Lesiones de la Cornea , Sustancia Propia/ultraestructura , Quemaduras Oculares/inducido químicamente , Quemaduras Oculares/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Soluciones Oftálmicas/administración & dosificación , Conejos , Hidróxido de SodioRESUMEN
Recruitment of keratocytes into injured corneal stroma, and secretion of proteins including collagen in the cells are essential for wound healing of the corneal stroma. We examined the effect of a proline analog, cis-hydroxyproline, on the adhesion, migration and growth of rabbit keratocytes in vitro. This agent decreased the plating efficiency, migration and growth of the keratocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction in these cellular activities may reflect altered functions of pericellular proteins such as collagen. Further studies are needed to determine which specific protein is involved.
Asunto(s)
Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroxiprolina/farmacología , Animales , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Quimiotaxis/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Sustancia Propia/citología , Sustancia Propia/metabolismo , ADN/biosíntesis , Replicación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Conejos , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
The intraocular lenses (IOLs) commonly used today are 13.5 to 14 mm in diameter, and this diameter is considered by some to be unnecessarily large. The size of the crystalline lens and the diagonal width between the ciliary sulcus were measured in rabbit eyes and human eyes. Then, IOLs with a smaller diameter (12.5 mm) were evaluated after implantation into rabbit eyes. The mean diameter of the human crystalline lens was 9.6 mm and its thickness was 4.1 mm. The mean width of the ciliary sulcus was 11.1 mm. The crystalline lenses of rabbits were larger than those of humans. Decentration and posterior capsular opacification score were 0.33 mm and 0.63 in 12.5 mm IOL, and 0.47 mm and 0.61 in 14.0 mm IOL. Indicating that the result of implanting the 12.5 mm IOL was not inferior to that of implanting the conventional 14 mm IOL. The average width of the ciliary sulcus is 11.1 mm, indicating that a 12.5 mm IOL is of a sufficient size to be firmly fixed in this sulcus. In addition, a 12.5 mm IOL is considered to be safer, because larger lenses may lead to erosion or vessel compression that could induce ischemia or neovascularization.
Asunto(s)
Lentes Intraoculares , Animales , Cuerpo Ciliar/anatomía & histología , Cristalino/anatomía & histología , Diseño de Prótesis , ConejosRESUMEN
An immunohistochemical study of type I collagen in deposits on the surface of two intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted from human eyes was conducted. Type I collagen-immunoreactive proteinaceous deposits with cells were found around the haptics of an iris-supported IOL. A few such deposits and what appeared to be macrophages were observed on the optic. A few cells (presumably macrophages and giant cells) were observed on a posterior chamber IOL, whereas proteinaceous deposits that reacted positively to the antibody were not identified. Type I collagen-immunoreactive deposits on the iris-supported IOL were thought to be the products of fibroblastic cells, originating from iris tissue, that attached directly to the haptics and helped stabilize the implant.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno/análisis , Lentes Intraoculares , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , ReoperaciónRESUMEN
The phagocytic activity and distribution of fibronectin in the cells adhering to implanted intraocular lenses (IOLs) were studied in rabbits. IOLs were explanted from the posterior chamber 7 days after implantation. Phagocytosis by the cells from the IOLs was studied by electron microscopy after incubation with polystyrene beads. The distribution of fibronectin was examined immunohistochemically using an anti-fibronectin antibody. Many presumed macrophages and giant cells which were thought to be of macrophagic origin were observed on the IOLs. Adherence of the beads to the surface of the cells, phagocytosis of these beads, and fibronectin immunoreactivity were prominent in these presumed macrophages, whereas giant cells displayed a reduction in these activities. These findings suggest that the adherence activities of the presumed macrophages are less after giant cells are formed, reflecting a reduced production of fibronectin.
Asunto(s)
Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Células Gigantes de Cuerpo Extraño/fisiología , Lentes Intraoculares , Macrófagos/fisiología , Fagocitosis/fisiología , Animales , Extracción de Catarata , Adhesión Celular , Femenino , Células Gigantes de Cuerpo Extraño/metabolismo , Células Gigantes de Cuerpo Extraño/ultraestructura , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microesferas , Poliestirenos , ConejosRESUMEN
The affinity of bone for bioinert ceramics and stainless steel was compared using calcified bone specimens. We implanted cylinders of alumina ceramics (Al2O3), zirconia ceramics (ZrO2) and SUS-316 L stainless steel into the distal femoral epiphyses of dogs and then made observations from 4 to 96 wk post-operatively. Irregularities in the histological specimens suggested the presence of artefacts due to the insertion technique. We subsequently used screws inserted into holes tapped with a tap that had a diameter identical to the screws, and observed these implants from 4 to 96 wk after insertion. There was no detectable difference in the affinity index for all three materials from 4 to 96 wk after implantation. The affinity index was calculated as the ratio of the new bone directly adjoining the implant without any intervening fibrous membrane or bone marrow to the total length of the bone-implant interface x 100%.
Asunto(s)
Cerámica , Prótesis e Implantes , Animales , Tornillos Óseos , Huesos/fisiología , Perros , Epífisis/fisiología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Fémur/fisiología , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Acero , CirconioRESUMEN
We studied the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc), a long-acting phosphate derivative of L-ascorbic acid, on the production and secretion of type I and type III collagen peptides in cultured rabbit keratocytes using immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. P-Asc enhanced production and secretion of these collagen peptides. Our observations support a therapeutic role for P-Asc in the repair of corneal stromal damage such as caused by corneal chemical burn.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Colágeno/biosíntesis , Córnea/citología , Procolágeno/biosíntesis , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Unión Competitiva , Células Cultivadas , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , ConejosRESUMEN
We examined the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc), a long-acting phosphate derivative of L-ascorbic acid, on intracellular distribution and production of type I collagen in cultured rabbit keratocytes by an immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Exposure of 0.1 mM P-Asc for 10 hours decreased a type I collagen immunoreactivity of the cytoplasm as stained in fine granular materials. 0.1 mM P-Asc induced increase of type I collagen level in the medium. The results suggested that 0.1 mM P-Asc might increase the biosynthesis and secretion of type I collagen in keratocytes and have a therapeutic effect on corneal stromal damage.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Colágeno/metabolismo , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Córnea/metabolismo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , ConejosRESUMEN
We have previously studied a large number of histological specimens of biomaterials and found that regions with and without an intervening fibrous membrane coexisted in many specimens. Therefore, it appears necessary to perform an evaluation of the entire specimen when histologically assessing the affinity of bone for a biomaterial. Accordingly, we performed a quantitative histological evaluation of hydroxyapatite (HAP)- and titanium-oxide(TiO2)-coated Ti-6A1-4V and uncoated Ti-6A1-4V (control) by determining the affinity index. This was defined as the length of bone directly opposed to the implant/the total length of the bone-implant interface X 100%. The test materials were inserted into the distal epiphyseal region of the femurs of adult dogs, and follow-up quantitative histological comparisons were performed from 4 weeks to 96 weeks. The HAP-coated implants had the highest affinity index 4 weeks after insertion, and this superiority was maintained up to 96 weeks. There was a significant difference in affinity index between HAP-coated implants and control implants (P less than 0.001), while TiO2-coated implants showed no significant difference in comparison to the control.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/anatomía & histología , Hidroxiapatitas/toxicidad , Prótesis e Implantes , Titanio/toxicidad , Aleaciones/toxicidad , Animales , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Cerámica , PerrosRESUMEN
We examined the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc) on the proliferation of cultured rabbit keratocytes. P-Asc is a derivative of L-ascorbic acid and it yields more prolonged effects of vitamin C in solution than L-ascorbic acid. The proliferation of cultured rabbit keratocytes was promoted by the presence of P-Asc in culture medium for 10, 20, and 30 days. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the cells were more multilayered in the presence of P-Asc (0.1mM) for thirty days than those in the absence of P-Asc. Moreover, this effect of P-Asc was attenuated by azetidine 2-carboxylic acid which is an inhibitor of collagen synthesis. Hence, it is suggested that the promotive effect of P-Asc on the growth of cultured keratocytes is related to the synthesis of collagen. Based on our observations, P-Asc may have a therapeutic effect on corneal stromal damages such as a corneal chemical burn and surgical trauma.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Sustancia Propia/citología , Conejos , Estimulación QuímicaRESUMEN
Immunohistochemical studies of deposits were carried out on two intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted from human eyes. One anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC-IOL) was studied using a monoclonal anti-human type I collagen-peptide antibody (C-Ab). One posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) was studied using a monoclonal anti-human vimentin antibody (V-Ab). Most of the cells on the AC-IOL contained many melanin granules in the cytoplasm and were thought to be macrophages. They did not show any immunoreactivity to C-Ab. Some spindle-shaped cells and fibrous deposits at the margin of the lens optics showed immunoreactivity to the antibody. These cells were thought to be fibroblasts migrating from the tissue around the IOL, such as the iris. On the PC-IOL, many mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells were observed. These cells showed immunoreactivity to vimentin and contained immunostained fibers which were intermediate filaments. They were thought to be either of mesodermal origin or derived from the lens epithelium.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno/metabolismo , Lentes Intraoculares , Vimentina/metabolismo , Anciano , Adhesión Celular , Femenino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reoperación , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
We examined the effect of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (P-Asc) on the proliferation of cultured rabbit keratocytes. P-Asc is a phosphate derivative of L-ascorbic acid and has more prolonged vitamin C activity in solution than does L-ascorbic acid. The proliferation of cultured keratocytes was promoted by the presence of P-Asc in culture medium. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that cells were more multi-layered after culture in the presence of P-Asc (0.1 mM) for 30 days than were those cultured in the absence of P-Asc. The effect of P-Asc was abrogated by L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, which is an analogue of proline that inhibits the production and secretion of collagen. Our observations support a therapeutic role for P-Asc in the repair of corneal stromal damage such as that caused by a corneal chemical burn.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Sustancia Propia/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácido Azetidinocarboxílico/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Sustancia Propia/ultraestructura , Femenino , Queratinocitos/ultraestructura , Masculino , ConejosRESUMEN
Three-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted in rabbit eyes with and without lens extraction to examine the cellular response on the IOL surface without the effects of the residual lens cortex. Each rabbit had extracapsular lens extraction (ECCE) with IOL implantation in the posterior chamber of one eye. In the second eye, the IOL was implanted in the anterior chamber without lens extraction. The lenses were removed and studied with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy one week after surgery. Light microscopic findings revealed a similar cellular response on the surface of the IOLs in both groups. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the cellular adhesiveness on the IOL surface in the eyes without lens extraction was weaker than in the eyes that had ECCE. Cells on the IOLs in the eyes without lens extraction were flatter and had membranous pseudopodia. It appears that the cells on the IOL surface were caused by a foreign body reaction and that their adhesiveness to the IOL was affected by residual lens cortex.