RESUMEN
Hepatic small vessel neoplasia (HSVN) is a recently recognized hemangioma of the liver with uncertain malignant potential. Almost all the patients are asymptomatic. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare disorder characterized by noncardiogenic hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Benign hepatocellular nodules have been acknowledged for a long time in the liver with the chronic BCS. However, there has been no case report of BCS associated with HSVN. The patient was diagnosed with BCS 13 years ago. The imaging test initially displayed multiple hepatic nodules that were suspected of benign hepatocellular nodules. They gradually increased in size and number in the course of the disease. At an autopsy, these nodules were confirmed to be multifocal HSVN. The tumor of the present case could not be proved to have GNAQ and GNQ14 mutations. We describe the case focusing on the chronological imaging changes and discuss on the relationship between BCS and HSVN.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Budd-Chiari , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hemangioma , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologíaRESUMEN
Due to the developments in the treatment for hepatitis, it is possible to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis and improve patients' prognosis even if it has already led to liver cirrhosis (LC). Consequently, a two-step study was conducted. To begin with, a retrospective study was conducted to identify the potential predictors of non-malignancy-related mortality from LC. Then, we prospectively analyzed the validity of these parameters as well as their association with patients' quality of life. In the retrospective study, 89 cases were included, and the multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age (P = 0.012), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (P = 0.012), and annual rate of change of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with LC prognosis. In the prospective study, 70 patients were included, and the patients were divided into cirrhosis progression and non-progression groups. The univariate logistic regression analysis indicated the serum procollagen type III N-terminal peptide level (P = 0.040) and MELD score (P = 0.010) were significantly associated with the annual rate of change of the ALBI score. Furthermore, the mean Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire score worsened from 5.3 to 4.9 in the cirrhosis progression group (P = 0.034). In conclusion, a longitudinal increase in the ALBI score is closely associated with non-malignancy-related mortality and quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Albúminas/análisis , Bilirrubina/análisis , Cirrosis Hepática/fisiopatología , Cirrosis Hepática/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Procolágeno/sangre , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Análisis de Regresión , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether a novel method including prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) placement prevents postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation pancreatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 200 consecutive patients with bile duct stones measuring up to 8 mm in diameter and retrospectively recruited 113 patients undergoing ordinary endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) without PS placement from our previous study. In the novel method, EPBD and PS placement was attempted with a guidewire left in the main pancreatic duct for patients in whom stable guidewire placement in the main pancreatic duct was possible. EST was performed for patients in whom stable guidewire placement was impossible. The incidence rate of pancreatitis was compared between the novel method and ordinary EPBD, and risk factors for pancreatitis were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 194 patients undergoing the novel method, EPBD and EST were performed in 180 and 14 patients, respectively. Following EPBD, PS placement was successful in 177/180 (98.3%) of patients. Pancreatitis occurred in 7/194 (3.6%) of patients after the novel method and 9/113 (8.0%) of patients after ordinary EPBD. There was a trend toward lower incidence rate of pancreatitis in the novel method. Stent dislodgement by the first postoperative morning and no previous endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) were identified as risk factors for pancreatitis after EPBD with PS placement. No previous ENBD was also identified as a risk factor for pancreatitis after ordinary EPBD. CONCLUSION: Our novel method is likely to be superior to ordinary EPBD in preventing pancreatitis. Previous ENBD may prevent post-EPBD pancreatitis regardless of PS placement.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Biliar/instrumentación , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Drenaje/instrumentación , Endoscopía/instrumentación , Pancreatitis/prevención & control , Stents , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Biliar/efectos adversos , Colelitiasis/diagnóstico por imagen , Colelitiasis/epidemiología , Dilatación/efectos adversos , Drenaje/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/diagnóstico , Pancreatitis/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Factores Protectores , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Sedation using dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DEX) was administered to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to local therapy. Case 1 was a 58-year-old man undergoing radiofrequency ablation in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC in S3. In accordance with the package insert, the initial loading dose was set at 6 µg/kg/hour. Although a favorable sedative effect was achieved, his blood pressure and pulse rate decreased. Case 2 was a 79-year-old woman undergoing percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for HCC in S6. Half the initial loading dose indicated in the package insert (3 µg/kg/hour) was administered, but the sedative effect was appreciable. No marked blood pressure or pulse rate decreases were observed. We believe that the use of DEX as a sedative agent in local therapy for HCC can be expected to increase. However, the optimal dose setting for DEX requires further examination.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapéutico , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Anciano , Ablación por Catéter , Terapia Combinada , Embolización Terapéutica , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although there are guidelines for the management of antithrombotic agents during the periendoscopic period, gaps between various guidelines create a confusing situation in daily clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to examine the current management of antithrombotic agents during the periendoscopic period in Japan. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study in 12 high-volume endoscopy centers in Japan. A total of 970 outpatients receiving antithrombotic agents underwent endoscopies (705 esophagogastroduodenoscopies and 265 colonoscopies) with or without invasive procedures. Main outcome measures are adverse events in these patients. RESULTS: Need for cessation of antithrombotics before endoscopy was mostly determined by non-gastroenterologists (51%) who are unfamiliar with the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) guideline, although cessation periods after endoscopy for most patients were determined by endoscopists (78%). Consequently, most patients underwent endoscopy without cessation (25%) or after a cessation period of 6-7 days (33%), indicating low permeation of the JGES guideline in Japan. Among 970 patients, two patients experienced major complications that may be related to thromboembolic events or gastrointestinal bleeding (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-0.7%). One of these patients died due to sudden onset ventricular tachycardia. Invasive procedures, including 40 biopsies and two mucosal resections, were performed in 42 patients without cessation of antithrombotics, and no patients experienced major complications (95% CI: 0-8.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a conflicting clinical environment due to absence of a unified guideline in Japan. Further accumulation of data is mandatory to establish a unified guideline based upon solid evidence.
Asunto(s)
Colonoscopía/normas , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo/normas , Fibrinolíticos/administración & dosificación , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/normas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colonoscopía/efectos adversos , Esquema de Medicación , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo/efectos adversos , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/normas , Femenino , Fibrinolíticos/efectos adversos , Adhesión a Directriz/normas , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas , Estudios Prospectivos , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We describe a 64-year-old man with decompensated hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis who became resistant to lamivudine. He was started on adefovir at 10 mg daily while continuing lamivudine therapy. Several months later, his liver function improved and subsequently his ascites disappeared. The serum HBV-DNA level became undetectable 11 months later. Twenty months after the start of additional treatment with adefovir, one hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected, and the patient underwent a successful hepatectomy. Our findings suggest that the addition of adefovir to ongoing lamivudine therapy is useful for improving liver function in patients with decompensated lamivudine-resistant HBV-related cirrhosis, allowing surgery for HCC.
Asunto(s)
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Lamivudine/uso terapéutico , Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Organofosfonatos/administración & dosificación , Adenina/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hepatectomía/métodos , Hepatitis B Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis B Crónica/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/virología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The age-dependent variation in the proportion and number of lymphocyte subsets was examined at various extrathymic sites, including the liver, small intestine, colon and appendix in mice. In comparison with young mice (4 weeks of age), the number of total lymphocytes yielded by all tested organs was greater in adult (9 weeks) and old (40 weeks) mice. The major lymphocyte subset that expanded with age was interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta+ CD3int cells (50% of them expressed NK1.1) in the liver, whereas it was CD3+ IL-2Rbeta- NK1.1- cells at all intraepithelial sites in the intestine. Although NK1.1+ CD3+ cells were present at intraepithelial sites in the intestine, the proportion of this subset was rather low. The ratio of CD4 to CD8 tended to decrease among natural killer T (NKT) cells and T cells at all intraepithelial sites in the intestine with age. A unique population of double-positive CD4+ CD8+ cells in the small intestine increased in old mice. B220+ T cells were found mainly in the appendix and colon, and the proportion of these T cells decreased in old mice. Conventional NKT cells were very few in Jalpha281-/- and CD1d-/- mice in the liver, while NKT cells which existed in the appendix remained unchanged even in these mice. This was because unconventional CD8+ NKT cells were present in the intestine. The present results suggest that despite the fact that both the liver and intraepithelial sites in the intestine carry many extrathymic T cells, the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and their age-associated variation are site-specific.