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The topic of green human resource management has attracted considerable attention during this last decade. Despite this interest, little research has been conducted to explore the successful implementation of green human resource management to achieve environmental sustainability goals. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting the effective implementation of green human resource management in petrochemical companies in Bushehr City. This research is the first article that has evaluated green human resource management measures in petrochemical industries, and on the other hand, it can be stated that it is the first paper to perform green measures of human resource management using the combined method of fuzzy hierarchical analysis and type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL. The present study seeks to identify these factors and examine their relationships based on existing theoretical foundations and expert opinions. Based on results, factors affecting green human resource management implementation were divided into five categories: recruitment and employment, training and development, performance appraisal, service compensation and reward, and green organizational culture management. In other words, a total of five criteria and twenty green sub-criteria were identified for the implementation of green human resource management. Fuzzy AHP and type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL were applied to determine the weights of the criteria. The results showed that the process of green training and development is the most critical factor in the effective implementation of green human resource management. Also, training and development processes, service compensation, and green organizational culture management are affecting factors to achieve this critical issue. In order to implement green human resource management, this study has proposed the priority of green measures for petrochemical industry managers.

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In this paper, we propose a microscale liquid oscillator using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). Specifically, a mesoscale liquid bridge (LB) between two horizontal surfaces with EWOD is considered. When EWOD is applied, the solid surface becomes more hydrophilic, and hence the contact angle (CA) is reduced. Following the activation of EWOD, the LB can remain connected or it can break into either symmetric or asymmetric shapes depending on the initial liquid volume and wettability of the two surfaces. The LB dynamics activated by EWOD is studied using the multibody dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) method. Our numerical results show that the behavior of an LB under EWOD can be interpreted via three modes. In the first mode, the LB does not break after applying EWOD. In the second mode, the LB breaks and does not reform. The third mode happens when, depending on the interplay of the volume of the liquid and CA manipulation, the LB continuously breaks, recoils, and reforms. For asymmetric cases, it was observed that the LB may completely detach from one surface and may not reform. It was also observed that decreasing the wettability of a surface, for cases with a continuous breaking and reformation behavior, increases the connecting time interval and decreases the breaking time interval in one break-reform cycle. The results provided in this investigation facilitate fundamental understanding of LB dynamics and their application for the design of microscale liquid oscillators using EWOD.

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This is the Editorial article summarizing the scope and contents of the Special Issue, Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Micro Technologies.

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BACKGROUND: Regarding the importance of health care providers such as nurses who are always in stressful environments, it is imperative to better understand how they become more engaged in their work. The purpose of this paper is to focus on health care providers (nurses), and examine how the interaction between spiritual intelligence and psychological empowerment affect job engagement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive and quantitative study was conducted among nurses at the Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran in 2010. A sample of nurses (n = 179) completed standard survey questionnaire including spiritual intelligence, psychological empowerment, and job engagement which included 5 questions for each dimensions. For testing the hypotheses of the study, results were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL 8.8. RESULTS: SEM revealed that psychological empowerment could fully mediate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job engagement. However, the correlation between spiritual intelligence and job engagement was significant but weak using Pearson coefficient method. This can imply that psychological empowerment plays a crucial role in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job engagement. CONCLUSIONS: This paper indicates that spiritual intelligence might affect different organizational parameters, directly or indirectly. Therefore, it is recommended that the researchers evaluate probable relationships between spiritual intelligence and other variables.

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Nanotechnology has stimulated revolutionary advances in many scientific and industrial fields, particularly in energetic materials. Powder mixing is the simplest and most traditional method to prepare nanoenergetic composites, and preliminary findings have shown that these composites perform more effectively than their micro- or macro-sized counterparts in terms of energy release, ignition, and combustion. Powder mixing technology represents only the minimum capability of nanotechnology to boost the development of energetic material research, and it has intrinsic limitations, namely, random distribution of fuel and oxidizer particles, inevitable fuel pre-oxidation, and non-intimate contact between reactants. As an alternative, nanostructured energetic composites can be prepared through a delicately designed process. These composites outperform powder-mixed nanocomposites in numerous ways; therefore, we comprehensively discuss the preparation strategies adopted for nanostructured energetic composites and the research achievements thus far in this review. The latest ignition and reaction models are briefly introduced. Finally, the broad promising applications of nanostructured energetic composites are highlighted.

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