RESUMEN

A high serum concentration of enterolactone, an enterolignan produced by colonic microbiota from precursors in cereals, vegetables, and fruits, is associated with reduced risk of acute coronary events. Probiotics and prebiotics modify colonic metabolism and may affect the serum enterolactone concentration. The effects of a probiotic mixture alone and with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on serum enterolactone concentration and fecal metabolism were investigated in 18 healthy men. Participants received 3 interventions, each for 2 wk: 1) probiotics [Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG (LGG) and LC705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS, and Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, for a total amount of 2 × 10(10) CFU/d]; 2) probiotics and GOS 3.8 g/d; 3) probiotics, GOS, and rye bread (minimum 120 g/d). Serum enterolactone and fecal dry weight, enzyme activities, pH, SCFA, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, propionibacteria, and the strains LGG and LC705 were determined. The serum enterolactone concentration (nmol/L) tended to be decreased from baseline [mean (95% CI) 18.6 (10.8-26.4)] by probiotics alone [15.2 (7.8-22.7); P = 0.095], was not significantly affected by probiotics with GOS [21.5 (13.2-29.8)], and was increased by probiotics with GOS and rye bread [24.6 (15.4-33.7); P < 0.05]. Probiotics alone did not affect fecal ß-glucosidase activity and bifidobacteria, but probiotics with GOS decreased ß-glucosidase activity and increased bifidobacteria compared with baseline (P < 0.05) and with probiotics alone (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this probiotic mixture with or without GOS does not significantly affect serum enterolactone concentration. Because probiotics with GOS decreased fecal ß-glucosidase activity but not serum enterolactone, the reduced fecal ß-glucosidase, within the range of activities measured, does not seem to limit the formation of enterolactone.

Asunto(s)

4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Heces/enzimología , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Lignanos/sangre , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/farmacología , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismo , 4-Butirolactona/sangre , Adulto , Carga Bacteriana , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Pan , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/análisis , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Galactosa/administración & dosificación , Galactosa/efectos adversos , Humanos , Lactobacillaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Lactobacillaceae/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligosacáridos/efectos adversos , Probióticos/efectos adversos , Probióticos/aislamiento & purificación , Probióticos/metabolismo , Propionibacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Propionibacterium/metabolismo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Agua/análisis

RESUMEN

The bacterial enzymes beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and urease may contribute to the development of colon cancer by generating carcinogens. A reduction in the activity of these enzymes by certain lactic acid bacteria is considered to be beneficial. This study examined fecal beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and urease activities during administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 (LC705) together with Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii JS (PJS). Thirty-eight healthy men participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study with treatment periods of 4 weeks. Subjects consumed daily bacterial or placebo capsules. Bacterial capsules contained viable LC705 and PJS (2x10(10) CFU of each strain daily). The activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and urease, recovery of LC705 and PJS, and counts of total lactobacilli and propionibacteria were determined from feces. The mean fecal counts of total lactobacilli and propionibacteria as well as strains LC705 and PJS were significantly increased during the administration of bacteria (3.5-, 13-, 80- and 11-fold, respectively). beta-glucosidase activity decreased by 10% (P=0.18) and urease activity by 13% (P=0.16) during bacterial supplementation versus placebo. The change in beta-glucosidase activity was negatively correlated with the change in propionibacteria counts (R=-0.350, P=0.039), being -2.68 versus 0.94 nmol/min/mg protein in subjects with increased and unchanged/decreased propionibacteria, respectively (P=0.003). To conclude, the administration of LC705 and PJS was followed by an increase in the fecal counts of lactobacilli and propionibacteria and a decrease in the activity of beta-glucosidase with increasing counts of propionibacteria.

Asunto(s)

Colon/microbiología , Neoplasias del Colon/prevención & control , Heces , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Propionibacterium/fisiología , Adulto , Colon/enzimología , Neoplasias del Colon/enzimología , Neoplasias del Colon/microbiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Heces/enzimología , Heces/microbiología , Glucuronidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ureasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ureasa/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , beta-Glucosidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The effects of a probiotic mixture (PRO), supplemented with either galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) or polydextrose (PDX), on cell numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria (BIF) were studied in conventional rats and healthy human subjects. In rats the baseline BIF cell numbers were below the detection limit and were increased by the 2-week GOSPRO intervention. In contrast baseline LAB numbers in rats were high and not affected by the treatments. The human study consisted of two independent but concurrent trials; both started with PRO followed by GOSPRO or PDXPRO periods. In the human subjects variation in numbers of BIF and LAB were high. The GOSPRO group exhibited high counts of faecal LAB and BIF at the start and showed little or no effects of the interventions. In contrast, the PDX group had low faecal LAB and BIF numbers at the start and clearly increased cell numbers of BIF after the PDXPRO period, and LAB after the PRO and PDXPRO period, compared with the run-in period. We propose here that responses to pro- and prebiotics are dependent on baseline numbers of LAB and/or BIF, and that the conventional rat model does not predict well the treatment responses in humans. The survival of PRO was presumably enhanced by the use of prebiotic supplementation and advocates the use of particular combinations of pro- and prebiotics.

Asunto(s)

Bifidobacterium/fisiología , Glucanos/administración & dosificación , Intestinos/microbiología , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Animales , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Suplementos Dietéticos , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Animales , Propionibacterium/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Constipation is a common problem in elderly subjects, probiotics have been suggested to improve intestinal motility and reduce fecal enzyme activity. METHODS: Elderly subjects (n = 28) were enrolled in an open parallel study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1 control group receiving juice; 1 group receiving juice supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri, and 1 group receiving juice supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. During the first 3 weeks all subjects consumed unsupplemented juice. In the subsequent 4 weeks, the subjects received their designated juice. During the last 3 weeks, all subjects again received unsupplemented juice. From the subjects, defecation frequency, laxative use, fecal pH, mucin content and azoreductase activity were assessed during the last week of each period. RESULTS: The subjects receiving the L. rhamnosus/P. freudenreichii-supplemented juice exhibited a 24% increase in defecation frequency. However, no reduction in laxative use was observed. The fecal azoreductase activity was also significantly reduced in this group. No changes in fecal pH or mucin excretion were observed. CONCLUSION: Some relief from constipation may be observed with the combination of L. rhamnosus/P. freudenreichii. This probiotic combination also reduced fecal enzyme activity. The tested probiotics did not affect the mucosal barrier.

Asunto(s)

Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Heces/enzimología , Heces/microbiología , Intestinos/enzimología , Intestinos/microbiología , Lactobacillus , Mucinas/efectos de los fármacos , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/efectos de los fármacos , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Propionibacterium , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Catárticos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Nitrorreductasas , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

Thirteen Lactobacillus and five Pediococcus strains were shown to produce an antimicrobial agent, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA). PCA inhibited many spoilage bacteria, particularly Enterobacter cloacae 1575, Pseudomonas fluorescens KJLG, and P. putida 1560-2. The antimicrobial activity of PCA did not change at higher temperatures. However, the activity was destroyed rapidly by neutralization with ammonium hydroxide. PCA showed slightly lower antimicrobial activity than lactic acid.