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The present case report investigated the clinicopathological features and potential mechanisms underlying the transformation to peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), following treatment for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) in a 73-year-old man. The patient was admitted to hospital in 2012 and underwent a left cervical lymph node biopsy, which confirmed CHL of the nodular sclerosing type, with evident bone marrow involvement. The patient received four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine chemotherapy, after which they achieved complete remission. However, after 3 years, the patient presented with enlarged left inguinal lymph nodes and a biopsy revealed PTCL-NOS. Molecular studies indicated a T-cell receptor-γ gene rearrangement. A literature review, together with the current case, identified 11 patients with CHL that transformed into PTCL-NOS. Among these, nine patients (81.82%) were middle-aged or elderly (>45 years old), and eight (72.73%) experienced transformation within 3 years post-treatment of CHL. Among these eight patients, seven (87.50%) predominantly exhibited the nodular sclerosis subtype, with a median recurrence time of 26 months. Five (45.45%) patients died of the disease. The rare transformation of CHL to PTCL-NOS, primarily among men, underscores its clinical significance. Notably, nodular sclerosing-type CHL appears to be particularly prone to transformation into PTCL-NOS. The poor prognosis in such cases may be attributed to the complex tumor microenvironment of CHL.

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Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system. While CHL typically responds well to conventional treatments, some cases may experience relapse to other subtypes, with the development of secondary peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) being relatively uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of nodal T follicular helper cell lymphomas,nos (nTFHL-NOS) secondary to CHL, accompanied by aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (IG). A 74-year-old male, was diagnosed with CHL, leaning toward the mixed cell type, 6 years ago. He received six cycles of the Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen, achieving complete clinical remission. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to the appearance of multiple skin nodules 66 months later. Histopathological analysis revealed nTFHL-NOS, with aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of TCR and IG. The patient underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with brentuximab vedotin and the Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin (G-mox) regimen, resulting in a reduction of the skin lesions to 2 cm × 1 cm. We discuss this rare case and review related literature.

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with deficits in executive function similar to that found in schizophrenia (SZ). However, very few studies have examined whether a specific component of executive function, namely, semantic inhibition, is differentially impaired in BD and SZ. The present study reports the results of a meta-analysis of performance on a theory-driven test of semantic inhibition, namely, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT), in patients with BD and SZ, and to examine differential group impairments. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software package was used to calculate the mean effect sizes for group differences on different measures of HSCT. A total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes for six HSCT measures were calculated. These included: Total Latency of Task A, Total Latency of Task B, Suppression Time, Total Error of Task B, Type A Error of Task B, and Type B Error of Task B. When compared with healthy controls, medium-to-large effect sizes were observed in both groups for each HSCT measure. Interestingly, the effect sizes for BD and SZ groups were comparable. These results suggest that patients with SZ and patients with BD are impaired in both task initiation and task inhibition of executive function and these impairments are similar in magnitude for both disorders.

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BACKGROUND: Prior meta-analyses indicated that people with schizophrenia show impairment in trait hedonic capacity but retain their state hedonic experience (valence) in laboratory-based assessments. Little is known about what is the extent of differences for state positive emotional experience (especially arousal) between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls. It is also not clear whether negative symptoms and gender effect contribute to the variance of positive affect. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The current meta-analysis examined 21 studies assessing state arousal experience, 40 studies measuring state valence experience, and 47 studies assessing trait hedonic capacity in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant impairment in trait hedonic capacity (Cohen's d = 0.81). However, patients and controls did not statistically differ in state hedonic (valence) as well as exciting (arousal) experience to positive stimuli (Cohen's d = -0.24 to 0.06). They also reported experiencing relatively robust state aversion and calmness to positive stimuli compared with controls (Cohen's d = 0.75, 0.56, respectively). Negative symptoms and gender contributed to the variance of findings in positive affect, especially trait hedonic capacity in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that schizophrenia patients have no deficit in state positive emotional experience but impairment in "noncurrent" hedonic capacity, which may be mediated by negative symptoms and gender effect.

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The current study aimed to determine whether there is a specific neurocognitive deficit in individuals with schizotypal personality features. One hundred and fifty-nine healthy participants and 62 schizotypal individuals completed a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests. The cognitive functions captured by the battery could be reduced to 6 factors. Significant difference was found between participants with schizotypal features and healthy controls in allocation, verbal memory and marginally in working memory. Schizotypal traits tended to correlate with some of the cognitive factors, especially allocation, verbal memory and working memory.

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