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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness (CE) of minimally invasive interventions for pain associated with articular temporomandibular dysfunction from the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) perspective. METHODS: This is a CE study with a 1-year time horizon. Effectiveness data were extracted from a network meta-analysis, and 2 treatments with moderate levels of evidence certainty were evaluated: arthrocentesis (ARTRO) plus intra-articular corticosteroid (CO) injection and ARTRO plus intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (SH). For CE analysis, the costs of 2 types of SH (low and high molecular weight) and 4 COs (betamethasone [B], dexamethasone acetate [D], methylprednisolone sodium succinate [M], or triamcinolone hexacetonide [T]) were considered. Modeling was conducted using TreeAge Pro Healthcare software, with the construction of a decision tree representing a hypothetical cohort of adults with articular temporomandibular dysfunction. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. In addition, an acceptability curve was developed. RESULTS: The total costs per joint for ARTRO plus low- and high-molecular-weight SH and ARTRO plus COs B, D, M, and T were, respectively, R$583.32, R$763.85, R$164.39, R$133.93, R$138.57, and R$159.86. ARTRO plus dexamethasone acetate was considered cost-effective, with lower cost and higher net monetary benefit than other technologies. In all sensitivity analysis scenarios, it remained cost-effective. It also showed greater acceptability. CONCLUSION: ARTRO plus dexamethasone acetate was considered the cost-effective technology, exhibiting higher net monetary benefit and higher acceptability from the SUS perspective.

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Introduction: Epidemiological data suggest substantial issues on the mental health of university students worldwide. Self-compassion is associated with lower rates of psychological distress and better positive mental health. Thus, we have developed a app-based intervention based on self-compassion principles targeting the prevention and promotion of mental health in college students. The current pilot study assessed adherence to intervention, preliminary mental health benefits, and satisfaction and acceptability with the app among Brazilian college students. Methods: The study employed a pre-experimental single-group design along with pre-test and post-test assessments (n = 23). A mixed methods approach was utilized to comprehensively assess the outcomes of the intervention. Results: The overall adherence rate for the intervention was 37.87%, with 26.26% of participants successfully completing all modules. Among the 21 outcomes assessed, 15 exhibited statistically significant results. Notably, there was a substantial increase in self-compassion, demonstrating a large effect size (d = 1.15), and a moderate effect size reduction in stress (d = 0.62) and anxiety (d = 0.52). All satisfaction indicators for the intervention received scores above 7. The intervention was well-received by participants who completed it, although a potential barrier identified was the volume of text within the app and the need to adopt a more playful and concise format for the intervention. Discussion: Despite a notable participant dropout, the adherence to intervention aligns with patterns observed in other online interventions conducted in real-world settings. The observed mental health benefits, high satisfaction levels, and positive acceptance underscore the rationale for pursuing a subsequent randomized clinical trial.

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Textile dyes are frequently disposable in aqueous effluents, making it difficult to remove them from industrial effluents before their release to natural waters. This paper deals with the fabrication of cellulose-based adsorbents by reacting nanocelulose crystalline (nanocel) with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TMSPEDA), forming the hybrid (silylpropyl)ethylenediamine@nanocellulose (SPEDA@nanocel), which was employed as adsorbent for the uptake of reactive yellow 2 dye (RY-2) from aqueous effluents. Characterisation of SPEDA@nanocel was carried out using FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, TGA, surface area, pHpzc, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity ratio (HI). Also, adsorption studies were thoroughly investigated. The effect of initial pH indicated that the maximum uptake of RY-2 takes place at pH 2, which is an indication of the electrostatic mechanism. The kinetic data carried out with 250 and 500 mg L-1 RY-2 with SPEDA@nanocel followed better the nonlinear fractional-like pseudo-first-order model. The t0.5 and t0.95 for the dye uptake were about 30 and 141 min, respectively. The equilibrium data from 10 to 45 °C indicated that the Liu isotherm model was the best-fitted isothermal model. The maximum sorption capacity attained was 112.3 mg g-1 at 45 °C. The thermodynamic data have shown that the equilibrium was favorable and endothermic, and the ΔH° was compatible with an electrostatic attraction between RY-2 and SPEDA@nanocel. Experiments of desorption of loaded adsorbent showed promising results for real applications since at least 5 adsorption/desorption cycles could be employed without significant changes in the recovery and with high precision.

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OBJECTIVE: to map the scientific literature on the validity of instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided in primary health care for chronic diseases related to systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, leprosy and tuberculosis. METHOD: scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute method and described in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. 13 databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was carried out after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. The data was extracted based on an elaborate script and presented in tables and charts. RESULTS: the analysis of 28 selected studies showed that the majority were from Brazil, followed by China and Malaysia. Almost half of the validated instruments were generic, and the specific ones covered the evaluation of diabetes mellitus and leprosy. The types of validation carried out were content and construct. CONCLUSION: there is a need to construct specific instruments due to the scarcity of studies on the process of validating instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided by primary health care for chronic diseases. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Validated instruments for evaluating services in chronic diseases.(2) Possibility of carrying out new studies on adaptations of PCAT and PACIC.(3) No evaluation was identified for minors under 18 years of age with chronic diseases.(4) Use of a generic instrument to evaluate specific chronic diseases.

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In this study, we present the development of two catalytic processes: a Pd-PEPPSI-catalyzed aminocarbonylation and a Pd(OAc)2-Xantphos-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of d-glycals, utilizing carbonylative cross-coupling reactions. We explored successfully various types of aromatic amines, as well as alkyl amines and amino acids, to synthesize new d-glycal amides. However, we observed limitations in the reactivity of alkyl and heteroaromatic amines. The processes enabled the synthesis of 20 novel C1-branched glycoamides and 7 new d-gluco esters.

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OBJECTIVES: to validate the content of an instrument for assessing leprosy care in individuals under 15 years old in the context of Primary Health Care. METHODS: methodological study of content validation, based on the evaluation of essential and derived attributes in primary care, in the professional version. For data analysis, the Content Validation Index (CVI ≥ 0.8) and Cronbach's Alpha were calculated. RESULTS: a higher percentage of judges among nurses (61.5%) was observed; with a doctorate (46.2%), and engaged in teaching and research (77%). The overall Content Validation Index of the instrument was 0.98. In the analysis of Cronbach's Alpha of the instrument, the assigned value was 0.717. CONCLUSIONS: the instrument represents an advancement in the measurement of health evaluation policies and can significantly contribute to improving the quality of care provided to children and adolescents with leprosy.

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Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system. Without treatment, the average patient survival time is about six months, which can be extended to fifteen months with multimodal therapies. The chemoresistance observed in GB is, in part, attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of glioblastoma-like stem cells (GSCs) that are characterized by heightened tumorigenic capacity and chemoresistance. GSCs are situated in hypoxic tumor niches, where they sustain and promote the stem-like phenotype and have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. GSCs have the particularity of generating high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which causes the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) with a consequent increase in the expression and activity of genes related to chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting its components is a promising alternative for treating GB. This analysis determined genes that were up- and downregulated due to A3AR blockades under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, possible candidates associated with chemoresistance that were positively regulated by hypoxia and negatively regulated by A3AR blockades in the same condition were analyzed. We detected three potential candidate genes that were regulated by the A3AR antagonist MRS1220 under hypoxic conditions: LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1. Finally, the selected markers were correlated with hypoxia-inducible genes and with the expression of adenosine-producing ectonucleotidases. In conclusion, we detected that hypoxic conditions generate extensive differential gene expression in GSCs, increasing the expression of genes associated with chemoresistance. Furthermore, we observed that MRS1220 could regulate the expression of LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1, which are involved in chemoresistance and correlate with a poor prognosis, hypoxia, and purinergic signaling.

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Abstract The objective of this research was to identify bacteria present in the microbiota of dentinal carious lesions in primary molars of some Costa Rican pediatric patients. Data were collected from 15 children aged between 4 and 8 years old who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry from the University of Costa Rica (UCR). The inclusion criteria were: infants between 4 and 8 years old who presented cavitated carious lesions in primary teeth, who were actively attended by students at the Faculty of Dentistry from the UCR, and whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent to participate in this research. Samples were taken using a sterile spoon, placed in storage vials, and subjected to various conventional and molecular microbial identification techniques, such as Gram stain identification, catalase tests, oxidase, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH, and VITEK 2. Of the 60 bacterial strains subjected to Gram staining, the following was obtained: 28 Gram-positive bacteria and 32 Gram-negative bacteria. The main isolated organisms were species of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp, and Streptococcus mutans.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las bacterias presentes en la microbiota de lesiones cariosas dentinales en molares primarias de pacientes pediátricos costarricenses. Las muestras fueron recolectadas de 15 niños entre los 4 y 8 años que fueron atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes entre los 4 y los 8 años de edad que presentaran lesiones cariosas cavitadas en dientes primarios, que se encuentraran activos para su atención por estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCR, y que los padres o encargados legales firmaran el consentimiento informado para participar en esta investigación. Las muestras se tomaron utilizando una cuchareta estéril, colocándolas en viales de almacenamiento y fueron sometidas a diversas técnicas de identificación microbiana convencionales y moleculares tales como: identificación por Tinción de Gram, pruebas catalasa, oxidasa, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH y VITEK. De las 60 cepas bacterianas sometidas a tinción de Gram se obtuvo: 28 bacterias Gram Positivas y 32 bacterias Gram Negativas. Los principales organismos aislados fueron: especies de Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/ Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp y Streptococcus mutans.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze the morbidity trend and space-time distribution clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children and adolescents. Method: An ecological study of COVID-19 cases confirmed in the Information System from 2020 to 2022 in the age group from 0 to 19 years old, residents in Mato Grosso municipalities, Brazilian Midwest region. A trend analysis of the monthly morbidity rate of cases/100,000 inhabitants was used, following Prais-Winsten's regression. A space-time distribution of the Bayesian incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was performed, in addition to a space-time scan to identify high-risk clusters. Results: Of all 79,592 COVID-19 cases studied, 51.6% were in females and 44.21% in people aged 15-19 years old. The mean monthly rate was 265.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a stationary trend in the period analyzed (Monthly Percentage Variation [MPV]) = 12.15; CI95%[MPV]: -0.73;26.70). The morbidity rate due to COVID-19 was higher in the female gender (283.14/ 100,000 inhabitants) and in the age group from 15 to 19 years old (485.90/100,000 inhabitants). An increasing trend was observed with a greater monthly time variation of 14.42% (CI95%[MPV]: 1.28;29.28)] among those aged from 10 to 14 years old. The primary cluster, which was also the one with the highest Relative Risk (RR = 5,16, p-value = 0.001), included 19 municipalities located in the North health macro-region. Conclusion: The findings indicated a monthly stationary trend in the study population, an increase in the age group from 10 to 14 years old, and areas at a higher risk for the disease in the North health macro-region of the state.

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Laser acupuncture (LA) demonstrates promising results in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, its effects on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are not yet fully understood. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of LA on pain intensity and maximum mouth opening range (MMO) related to TMD. A search was carried out in 11 electronic databases and references of included studies to locate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated LA as a primary treatment for TMD. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Network meta-analysis was conducted on the MetaInsight platform, considering the pain intensity and counseling (C) as the outcome of reference. The GRADE system was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: Five studies evaluated pain intensity, four with a high risk of bias and one with a low risk. Two studies evaluated pain intensity on palpation (one with high and one with low risk of bias), and one study with high risk of bias evaluated MMO. Laser parameters were: 690-810 nm, 40-150 mW, and 7.5-112.5 J/cm2. Occlusal splint (OS) [- 2.47; CI 95% - 3.64, - 1.30] and Physiotherapy (PT) [-2.64; CI 95% - 3.94, - 1.34] reduced pain intensity compared to C. The ranking of treatments in order of effectiveness was PT > OS > LA > C > CR (craniopuncture). The certainty of the evidence was very low or low. The data do not support the indication of LA for the treatment of TMDs and new placebo-controlled RCTs must be conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness more precisely.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity trend and space-time distribution clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children and adolescents. METHOD: An ecological study of COVID-19 cases confirmed in the Information System from 2020 to 2022 in the age group from 0 to 19 years old, residents in Mato Grosso municipalities, Brazilian Midwest region. A trend analysis of the monthly morbidity rate of cases/100,000 inhabitants was used, following Prais-Winsten's regression. A space-time distribution of the Bayesian incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was performed, in addition to a space-time scan to identify high-risk clusters. RESULTS: Of all 79,592 COVID-19 cases studied, 51.6% were in females and 44.21% in people aged 15-19 years old. The mean monthly rate was 265.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a stationary trend in the period analyzed (Monthly Percentage Variation [MPV]) = 12.15; CI95%[MPV]: -0.73;26.70). The morbidity rate due to COVID-19 was higher in the female gender (283.14/100,000 inhabitants) and in the age group from 15 to 19 years old (485.90/100,000 inhabitants). An increasing trend was observed with a greater monthly time variation of 14.42% (CI95%[MPV]: 1.28;29.28)] among those aged from 10 to 14 years old. The primary cluster, which was also the one with the highest Relative Risk (RR = 5,16, p-value = 0.001), included 19 municipalities located in the North health macro-region. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated a monthly stationary trend in the study population, an increase in the age group from 10 to 14 years old, and areas at a higher risk for the disease in the North health macro-region of the state.

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Resumo Avaliou-se a puericultura na ESF em município-sede de macrorregião de saúde do Nordeste brasileiro. Realizou-se estudo avaliativo com dois níveis de análise: a gestão municipal e local. Aprofundou-se a avaliação local em quatro EqSF mediante entrevistas com gestores, profissionais e puérperas, análise documental e observação não-participante. As fontes de dados foram trianguladas e processadas no software Nvivo, e o material empírico cotejado com uma situação-objetivo segundo os níveis de análise da pesquisa e elaborada pelos pesquisadores. No nível municipal, a definição clara de atribuições para os pontos de atenção em puericultura e fluxos assistenciais foi um dos critérios mais críticos e, no âmbito local, a integração de ações com outros serviços primários, a contrarreferência e ações educativas coletivas no território. A implementação das práticas de puericultura nas EqSF é fortemente dependente dos determinantes político-organizacionais entre o âmbito municipal e local, e os resultados aqui evidenciados podem se aplicar a outros sistemas municipais de saúde com configurações semelhantes. Este estudo contribuiu para a avaliação da puericultura sustentada na proposição de critérios que consideraram a interdependência municipal e local na organização das ações de avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil.

Abstract Childcare was evaluated in the ESF in a municipality that is the headquarters of a health macro-region in the Brazilian Northeast. An evaluative study was carried out with two levels of analysis: municipal and local management. The local assessment was deepened in four EqSF through interviews with managers, professionals and postpartum women, document analysis and non-participant observation. The data sources were triangulated and processed in the Nvivo software, and the empirical material was compared with an objective situation according to the research analysis levels and prepared by the researchers. At the municipal level, the clear definition of assignments for childcare care points and assistance flows was one of the most critical criteria and, at the local level, the integration of actions with other primary services, counter-referral and collective educational actions in the territory. The implementation of childcare practices in EqSF is strongly dependent on political-organizational determinants between the municipal and local levels, and the results shown here may apply to other municipal health systems with similar configurations. This study contributed to the evaluation of childcare based on the proposition of criteria that considered municipal and local interdependence in the organization of actions to evaluate child growth and development.

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RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos e óbitos da hanseníase em Mato Grosso - Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2020. Método: estudo observacional, de base populacional, de todos os casos e óbitos notificados por hanseníase no período de 2011 a 2020. A posteriori, foi realizado os paramentos dos indivíduos notificados, estimando-se a tendência por meio da regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: nos anos de estudo foram registrados 37.623 casos novos, taxa média de 114,7/100 mil habitantes com maiores taxas de incidência nos casos multibacilares e no sexo masculino, assim como na proporção de óbitos (58%; 88,2%) respectivamente. Quanto à tendência, foi crescente ao longo dos anos e no sexo feminino. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que há um perfil de casos mais incidentes, possíveis áreas com disseminação da doença e atraso do diagnóstico, ressaltando a necessidade da utilização dos indicadores como forma de monitorar a endemia, fortalecendo a atenção e vigilância integral à hanseníase.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of leprosy cases and deaths in Mato Grosso - Brazil, from 2011 to 2020. Method: A population-based observational study of all leprosy cases and deaths reported between 2011 and 2020. Subsequently, the reported individuals were matched, and the trend was estimated using the Prais-Winsten regression. Results: 37,623 new cases were registered in the study years, with an average rate of 114.7/100,000 inhabitants, with higher incidence rates in multibacillary cases and males, and in the proportion of deaths (58%; 88.2%), respectively. As for the trend, it has increased over the years and among women. Conclusion: The results suggest a profile of more incident cases, possible areas with the spread of the disease, and delayed diagnosis, highlighting the need to use indicators to monitor the endemic and strengthen comprehensive care and surveillance of leprosy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico de los casos y muertes por lepra en Mato Grosso - Brasil, de 2011 a 2020. Método: estudio observacional basado en la población de todos los casos y muertes por lepra notificados entre 2011 y 2020. Posteriormente, se emparejaron los individuos declarados y se estimó la tendencia mediante la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Se registraron 37.623 nuevos casos en los años de estudio, una tasa media de 114,7/100.000 habitantes, con tasas de incidencia más elevadas en los casos multibacilares y en los varones, así como en la proporción de muertes (58%; 88,2% respectivamente). En cuanto a la tendencia, ha aumentado con los años y en el sexo femenino. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que existe un perfil de más casos incidentes, posibles zonas de propagación de la enfermedad y un retraso en el diagnóstico, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de utilizar indicadores como forma de seguimiento de la endemia, de reforzar la atención integral y la vigilancia de la lepra.

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Abstract Objective: to map the scientific literature on the validity of instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided in primary health care for chronic diseases related to systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, leprosy and tuberculosis. Method: scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute method and described in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. 13 databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was carried out after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. The data was extracted based on an elaborate script and presented in tables and charts. Results: the analysis of 28 selected studies showed that the majority were from Brazil, followed by China and Malaysia. Almost half of the validated instruments were generic, and the specific ones covered the evaluation of diabetes mellitus and leprosy. The types of validation carried out were content and construct. Conclusion: there is a need to construct specific instruments due to the scarcity of studies on the process of validating instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided by primary health care for chronic diseases.

Resumo Objetivo: mapear a literatura científica sobre a validação de instrumentos para a avaliação da qualidade dos serviços prestados na atenção primária à saúde em doenças crônicas relacionadas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, hanseníase e tuberculose. Método: revisão de escopo, seguindo o método do Instituto Joanna Briggs e descrito de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Foram incluídas 13 bases de dados e literatura cinzenta. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada após a remoção de duplicatas e avaliação individual e em pares. Os dados foram extraídos com base em um roteiro elaborado e apresentados em forma de quadros e tabelas. Resultados: a análise de 28 estudos selecionados mostrou que a sua maioria era do Brasil, seguidos pela China e Malásia. Quase a metade dos instrumentos validados eram genéricos, e os específicos eram sobre avaliação em diabetes mellitus e hanseníase. Os tipos de validação realizados foram de conteúdo e de construto. Conclusão: há necessidade de construção de instrumentos específicos devido à escassez de estudos sobre o processo de validação de instrumentos para a avaliação da qualidade dos serviços prestados pela atenção primária à saúde em doenças crônicas.

Resumen Objetivo: mapear la literatura científica sobre la validación de instrumentos para evaluar la calidad de los servicios prestados en la atención primaria de salud para enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con la hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus, lepra y tuberculosis. Método: revisión de alcance, siguiendo el método del Instituto Joanna Briggs y descrito de acuerdo con el Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Se incluyeron 13 bases de datos y literatura gris. La selección de los estudios se realizó previa eliminación de duplicados y evaluación individual y pareada. Los datos se extrajeron basándose en un guión elaborado y se presentaron en cuadros y tablas. Resultados: el análisis de 28 estudios seleccionados mostró que la mayoría era de Brasil, seguidos de China y Malasia. Casi la mitad de los instrumentos validados eran genéricos, y los específicos cubrían la evaluación de diabetes mellitus y lepra. Los tipos de validación realizados fueron de contenido y de constructo. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de construir instrumentos específicos debido a la escasez de estudios sobre el proceso de validación de instrumentos para evaluar la calidad de los servicios prestados por la atención primaria de salud para enfermedades crónicas.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate the content of an instrument for assessing leprosy care in individuals under 15 years old in the context of Primary Health Care. Methods: methodological study of content validation, based on the evaluation of essential and derived attributes in primary care, in the professional version. For data analysis, the Content Validation Index (CVI ≥ 0.8) and Cronbach's Alpha were calculated. Results: a higher percentage of judges among nurses (61.5%) was observed; with a doctorate (46.2%), and engaged in teaching and research (77%). The overall Content Validation Index of the instrument was 0.98. In the analysis of Cronbach's Alpha of the instrument, the assigned value was 0.717. Conclusions: the instrument represents an advancement in the measurement of health evaluation policies and can significantly contribute to improving the quality of care provided to children and adolescents with leprosy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar el contenido de un instrumento para evaluar la atención a la lepra en menores de 15 años en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación de contenido, según la evaluación de atributos esenciales y derivados en la atención primaria, en su versión profesional. Para el análisis de los datos, se calcularon el Índice de Validación de Contenido (IVC ≥ 0,8) y el Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: se observó un mayor porcentaje de jueces entre enfermeros (61,5%); con doctorado (46,2%), y que trabajaban en enseñanza e investigación (77%). El Índice de Validación de Contenido general del instrumento fue de 0,98. En el análisis del Alfa de Cronbach del instrumento, se atribuyó un valor de 0,717. Conclusiones: el instrumento representa un avance en la medición de políticas evaluativas de salud y puede contribuir significativamente a la mejora de la calidad de la atención prestada a niños y adolescentes con lepra.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar o conteúdo de um instrumento para a avaliação da assistência à hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo, segundo a avaliação de atributos essenciais e derivados na atenção primária, na versão profissional. Para a análise dos dados, foram calculados o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC ≥ 0,8) e o Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: observou-se um maior percentual de juízes entre enfermeiros (61,5%); com doutorado (46,2%), e que atuavam no ensino e na pesquisa (77%). O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo geral do instrumento foi de 0,98. Na análise do Alfa de Cronbach do instrumento, o valor atribuído foi de 0,717. Conclusões: o instrumento representa um avanço na mensuração de políticas avaliativas de saúde e pode contribuir significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade da atenção prestada a crianças e adolescentes com hanseníase.

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This study investigated the impact of a support matrix and active group on the support to the nutritional properties of orange juice after juice clarification. Pectinase was immobilized on chitosan and aminated silica supports, activated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and applied for juice clarification. The effects on various juice properties, including reducing sugars, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, juice color, and pH, were evaluated. The results revealed that the immobilization on chitosan activated using genipin resulted in the highest biocatalyst activity (1211.21 U·g-1). The juice treatments using the biocatalysts led to turbidity reduction in the juice (up to 90%), with the highest reductions observed in treatments involving immobilized enzyme on chitosan. Importantly, the enzymatic treatments preserved the natural sugar content, total soluble solids, and pH of the juice. Color differences between treated and raw juice samples were especially relevant for those treated using enzymes, with significant differences in L* and b*, showing loss of yellow vivid color. Analysis of phenolic compounds and vitamin C showed no significant alterations after the enzymatic treatment of the raw juice. According to our results, the clarification of orange juice using immobilized enzymes can be a compromise in turbidity reduction and color reduction to maintain juice quality.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the direct costs of materials, medicines/solutions and healthcare professionals required to treat men with prostate cancer using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound. METHOD: Quantitative, exploratory-descriptive research, single case study type. Data were collected from electronic medical records/printed documentation from the Operating Room of a public teaching and research hospital. Health professionals estimated the respective time spent on activities in the following stages: "Before anesthetic induction", "Before performing thermal ablation", "During thermal ablation" and "After performing thermal ablation". Costs were calculated by multiplying the (estimated) time spent by the unit cost of direct labor, adding to the measured cost of materials, medicines/solutions. RESULTS: The measured costs with materials corresponded to US$851.58 (SD = 2.17), with medicines/solutions to US$72.13 (SD = 25.84), and estimated personnel costs to US$196.03, totaling US$1119.74/procedure. CONCLUSION: The economic results obtained may support hospital managers in the decision-making process regarding the adoption of the High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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Brucella abortus is a bacterial pathogen causing bovine brucellosis worldwide. This facultative extracellular-intracellular pathogen can be transmitted to humans, leading to a zoonotic disease. The disease remains a public health concern, particularly in regions where livestock farming is present. The two-component regulatory system BvrR/BvrS was described by isolating the attenuated transposition mutants bvrR::Tn5 and bvrS::Tn5, whose characterization led to the understanding of the role of the system in bacterial survival. However, a phenotypic comparison with deletion mutants has not been performed because their construction has been unsuccessful in brucellae and difficult in phylogenetically related Rhizobiales with BvrR/BvrS orthologs. Here, we used an unmarked gene excision strategy to generate a B. abortus mutant strain lacking both genes, called B. abortus ∆bvrRS. The deletion was verified through PCR, Southern blot, Western blot, Sanger sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing, confirming a clean mutation without further alterations at the genome level. B. abortus ∆bvrRS shared attenuated phenotypic traits with both transposition mutants, confirming the role of BvrR/BvrS in pathogenesis and membrane integrity. This B. abortus ∆bvrRS with a non-antimicrobial marker is an excellent tool for continuing studies on the role of BvrR/BvrS in the B. abortus lifestyle.

RESUMEN

Bacteria of the genus Brucella are facultative intracellular parasites that cause brucellosis, a severe animal and human disease. Recently, a group of taxonomists merged the brucellae with the primarily free-living, phylogenetically related Ochrobactrum spp. in the genus Brucella. This change, founded only on global genomic analysis and the fortuitous isolation of some opportunistic Ochrobactrum spp. from medically compromised patients, has been automatically included in culture collections and databases. We argue that clinical and environmental microbiologists should not accept this nomenclature, and we advise against its use because (i) it was presented without in-depth phylogenetic analyses and did not consider alternative taxonomic solutions; (ii) it was launched without the input of experts in brucellosis or Ochrobactrum; (iii) it applies a non-consensus genus concept that disregards taxonomically relevant differences in structure, physiology, population structure, core-pangenome assemblies, genome structure, genomic traits, clinical features, treatment, prevention, diagnosis, genus description rules, and, above all, pathogenicity; and (iv) placing these two bacterial groups in the same genus creates risks for veterinarians, medical doctors, clinical laboratories, health authorities, and legislators who deal with brucellosis, a disease that is particularly relevant in low- and middle-income countries. Based on all this information, we urge microbiologists, bacterial collections, genomic databases, journals, and public health boards to keep the Brucella and Ochrobactrum genera separate to avoid further bewilderment and harm.

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RESUMEN

Brucella abortus is a zoonotic pathogen whose virulence depends on its ability to survive intracellularly at the endoplasmic reticulum derived compartment. The two-component system BvrR/BvrS (BvrRS) is essential for intracellular survival due to the transcriptional control of the type IV secretion system VirB and its transcriptional regulator VjbR. It is a master regulator of several traits including membrane homeostasis by controlling gene expression of membrane components, such as Omp25. BvrR phosphorylation is related to DNA binding at target regions, thereby repressing or activating gene transcription. To understand the role of BvrR phosphorylation we generated dominant positive and negative versions of this response regulator, mimicking phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated BvrR states and, in addition to the wild-type version, these variants were introduced in a BvrR negative background. We then characterized BvrRS-controlled phenotypes and assessed the expression of proteins regulated by the system. We found two regulatory patterns exerted by BvrR. The first pattern was represented by resistance to polymyxin and expression of Omp25 (membrane conformation) which were restored to normal levels by the dominant positive and the wild-type version, but not the dominant negative BvrR. The second pattern was represented by intracellular survival and expression of VjbR and VirB (virulence) which were, again, complemented by the wild-type and the dominant positive variants of BvrR but were also significantly restored by complementation with the dominant negative BvrR. These results indicate a differential transcriptional response of the genes controlled to the phosphorylation status of BvrR and suggest that unphosphorylated BvrR binds and impacts the expression of a subset of genes. We confirmed this hypothesis by showing that the dominant negative BvrR did not interact with the omp25 promoter whereas it could interact with vjbR promoter. Furthermore, a global transcriptional analysis revealed that a subset of genes responds to the presence of the dominant negative BvrR. Thus, BvrR possesses diverse strategies to exert transcriptional control on the genes it regulates and, consequently, impacting on the phenotypes controlled by this response regulator.