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BACKGROUND: Achachairu is an exotic fruit that is being studied for its bioactive compound composition. However, there is scarce information on the properties of its by-products and their incorporation into food. In this study, achachairu peels were used to obtain phenolic-rich and sustainable ingredients. Furthermore, their potential for use in the fortification of food, particularly cereal-based products, was evaluated. Different ratios of ethanol:water were used to extract the phenolic compounds from achachairu (100:0, 90:10 and 70:30). The optimal extract was characterised regarding its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-enzymatic properties. Finally, achachairu peel powder and extract were incorporated into bread and their influence on the texture, antioxidant properties and shelf life of the product was evaluated. RESULTS: High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the 90:10 extract contained a higher phenolic composition than the other samples. The achachairu extract presented a TPC of 88.7 mgGAE g-1, good antioxidant capacity towards DPPH and ABTS radicals and the capacity to inhibit the activity of α-amylase by almost 80%. The addition of achachairu peel powder and extract to bread increased its hardness, chewiness and gumminess, not affecting the remaining texture parameters. An increase in the TPC, antioxidant properties and shelf life of the product was also observed. CONCLUSION: This study proves the potential for achachairu by-products incorporated into cereal-based products to improve their biological properties while extending the food shelf life. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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This work presents a starch extracted from jaboticaba seeds. The extraction yielded 22.65 ± 0.63% of a slightly beige powder (a* 1.92 ± 0.03, b* 10.82 ± 0.17 and L* 92.27 ± 0.24). The starch presented low protein content (1.19% ± 0.11) and phenolic compounds (0.58 ± 0.02 GAE. g) as contaminants. The starch granules showed small, smooth, irregular shapes and sizes between 6.1 and 9.6 µm. The starch presented a high content of amylose (34.50%±0.90) and a predominance of intermediate chain length (B1-chains 51%), followed by A-chains (26%) in the amylopectin. The SEC-MALS-DRI showed the starch had a low molecular weight (5.3·106 g·mol-1) and amylose/amylopectin content compatible with a Cc-type starch, confirmed in the X-ray diffractogram. Thermal studies showed a low onset temperature (T0 = 66.4 ± 0.46 °C) and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH = 9.1 ± 1.19 J g-1) but a high-temperature range (ΔT = 14.1 ± 0.52 °C). The jaboticaba starch proved to be a promising material for food and non-food applications.

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In this study functional properties of a galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide (GH) were accessed. The bands of a galactose-rich polysaccharide were found in FTIR spectra, including those from the fingerprint region. GH was characterized as a dark-red material (L* 25.86 ± 0.75, a* 9.46 ± 1.01, b* 0.65 ± 0.14, Chroma 9.48 ± 1.02) with antioxidant activity of 21.5 ± 0.08, 12.1 ± 0.06 and 0.46 ± 0.04 mmol Trolox Eq/mg GH in FRAP, DPPH and ABTS, respectively. GH presented 44.9% of esterification degree and 10.73 ± 0. 01 mg of GAE/g. The production parameters of GH emulsions (GH concentration, time and ultrasound power) were optimized using a 23 Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). Emulsion droplets presented particle size (d µm) varying from 0.823 ± 0.065 to 1.926 ± 0.151, polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.40 ± 0.01 and zeta potential from -29.25 ± 3.98 to -33.75 ± 1.77. Finally, the high emulsifying activity (EA) (96.67%) and emulsion stability (ES) (97.44%) allow suggesting that GH is a promising polysaccharide for food applications.

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The objective of this work was to extract, identify and characterize a galactose-rich heteropolysaccharide (GH) from "jaboticaba" peel. The best conditions to extract the GH according to a 23 full-factorial experimental design were 90 °C/30 min/pH 1.0, resulting in a 32.32 % yield using lyophilized sample. The chemical structure analyzed by GC/MS and NMR spectra (HSQC/HSQC-TOCSY) showed that the main chain of GH consists of a (1→4) galactoside branched at carbon 3, containing galactose (67.21 %), glucose (15.78 %), arabinose (9.78 %), rhamnose (2.26 %) and traces of esterified and non-esterified uronic acids. Rheological studies revealed that GH suspensions behave as a Newtonian fluid, with calculated molecular mass of 1.48 × 105 Da. The absolute viscosity of 1 % (w/v) aqueous suspension of GH decreased from 25 mPa s to 10 mPa s in NaCl and 7 mPa s in CaCl2, indicating the polyelectrolyte character of GH.

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BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with congestive heart failure (CHF). The increased susceptibility to AF in CHF has been attributed to a variety of structural and electrophysiological changes in the atria, particularly dilation and interstitial fibrosis. We evaluated atrial remodeling and AF vulnerability in a rat model of CHF induced by left ventricle (LV) radiofrequency (RF) ablation. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: RF-induced CHF (Ab, n = 36), CHF animals treated with spironolactone (AbSpi, n = 20) and sham controls (Sham, n = 29). After 12 weeks, animals underwent echocardiographic and electrophysiological evaluation and were sacrificed for histological (atrial fibrosis) and Western blotting (TGF-ß1, collagen I/III, connexin 43 and CaV1.2) analysis. RESULTS: Mild LV dysfunction and marked atrial enlargement were noted in both ablated groups. AF inducibility (episodes ≥2 s) increased in the Ab group compared to sham animals (31/36, 86%; vs. 15/29, 52%; p = 0.005), but did not differ from the AbSpi group (16/20, 80%; p = NS). Sustained AF (>30 s) was also more frequent in the Ab group compared to shams (56% vs. 28%; p = 0.04). Spironolactone reduced atrial fibrosis (p < 0.01) as well as TGF-ß1 (p < 0.01) and collagen I/III (p < 0.01) expression but did not affect connexin 43 and CaV1.2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Rats with RF-induced CHF exhibit pronounced atrial structural remodeling and enhanced AF vulnerability. This model may be useful for studying AF substrate in CHF.

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Revisäo da literatura sobre as formas de maior incidência das hepatites virais, dando ênfase às hepatites de evoluçäo aguda, principalmente a tipo B, por ser uma das mais importantes DST em nosso meio, infelizmente, às vezes, nem citada em publicaçöes mais especializadas.

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