RESUMEN
This cross-sectional study assesses the growth and nutritional status of 623 rural and urban Tripuri tribal adolescent boys (aged 8 to 15 years) from West Tripura district. Prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight were observed 7.6%, 17.81% and 6.03% for urban and 27.9%, 38.37% and 0.39% respectively for rural boys.
Asunto(s)
Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Delgadez/epidemiología , Adolescente , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This cross-sectional study evaluated the nutritional status of 608 rural tribal children (age 6 to 15 years) from Jampuijala block of West Tripura district, India. Prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight were 23.7%, 33.4% and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting and thinness was found to be higher in boys than in girls.
Asunto(s)
Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Delgadez/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We have examined the patterns of DNA sequence variation in and around the genes coding for ICAM1 and TNF, which play functional and correlated roles in inflammatory processes and immune cell responses, in 12 diverse ethnic groups of India. We aimed to (a) quantify the nature and extent of the variation, and (b) analyse the observed patterns of variation in relation to population history and ethnic background. At the ICAM1 and TNF loci, respectively, the total numbers of SNPs that were detected were 28 and 12. Many of these SNPs are not shared across ethnic groups and are unreported in the dbSNP or TSC databases, including two fairly common non-synonymous SNPs at positions 13487 and 13542 in the ICAM1 gene. Conversely, the TNF-376A SNP that is reported to be associated with susceptibility to malaria was not found in our study populations, even though some of the populations inhabit malaria endemic areas. Wide between-population variation in the frequencies of shared SNPs and coefficients of linkage disequilibrium have been observed. These findings have profound implications in case-control association studies.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/genética , Proyectos de Investigación , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Frecuencia de los Genes , Haplotipos , Humanos , India , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
There are various conflicting hypotheses regarding the origins of the tribal groups of India, who belong to three major language groups--Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman. To test some of the major hypotheses we designed a genetic study in which we sampled tribal populations belonging to all the three language groups. We used a set of autosomal DNA markers, mtDNA restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs) and mtDNA hypervariable segment-1 (HVS-1) sequence polymorphisms in this study. Using the unlinked autosomal markers we found that there is a fair correspondence between linguistic and genomic affinities among the Indian tribal groups. We reconstructed mtDNA RSP haplotypes and found that there is extensive haplotype sharing among all tribal populations. However, there is very little sharing of mtDNA HVS-1 sequences across populations, and none across language groups. Haplogroup M is ubiquitous, and the subcluster U2i of haplogroup U occurs in a high frequency. Our analyses of haplogroup and HVS-1 sequence data provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Austro-Asiatic speakers are the most ancient inhabitants of India. Our data also support the earlier finding that some of the western Eurasian haplogroups found in India may have been present in India prior to the entry of Aryan speakers. However, we do not find compelling evidence to support the theory that haplogroup M was brought into India on an "out of Africa" wave of migration through a southern exit route from Ethiopia. On the contrary, our data raise the possibility that this haplogroup arose in India and was later carried to East Africa from India.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Genoma Humano , Lingüística , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Genética de Población , Haplotipos , Humanos , India , Lenguaje , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
We estimated the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 "null" homozygotes in 10 different ethnic populations of India by a genotyping method based on polymerase chain reaction. These populations, inhabiting diverse geographical locations and occupying various positions in the sociocultural hierarchy, were represented by a sample of 299 unrelated individuals. Frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 "null" homozygotes varied from 20% to 79% and 3% to 39%, respectively, across the study populations. Maximum frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 "null" homozygotes (79% and 39%, respectively) have been observed in the same population (Jamatia). Frequencies of homozygous "null" genotypes at the GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci show a significant positive correlation in these populations, which is contrary to expectations. A possible implication is that the two enzymes are working in tandem, instead of working in a complementary way.
Asunto(s)
Etnicidad/genética , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Clase Social , Análisis por Conglomerados , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , India , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
DNA samples from 396 unrelated individuals belonging to 14 ethnic populations of India, inhabiting various geographical locations and occupying various positions in the socio-cultural hierarchy, were analysed in respect of 8 human-specific polymorphic insertion/deletion loci. All loci, except Alu CD4, were found to be highly polymorphic in all populations. The levels of average heterozygosities were found to be very high in all populations and, in most populations, also higher than those predicted by the island model of population structure. The coefficient of gene differentiation among Indian populations was found to be higher than populations in most other global regions, except Africa. These results are discussed in the light of two possible scenarios of evolution of Indian populations in the broader context of human evolution.