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BACKGROUND: The intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) characteristics, visualized using magnifying endoscopy, are commonly assessed for preoperative evaluation of the infiltration depth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Japan Esophageal Society (JES) classification is the most widely used classification. Microvascular structural changes are evaluated by magnifying endoscopy for the presence or absence of each morphological factor: tortuosity, dilatation, irregular caliber, and different shapes. However, the pathological characteristics of IPCLs have not been thoroughly investigated, especially the microvascular structures corresponding to the deepest parts of the lesions' infiltration. AIM: To investigate differences in pathological microvascular structures of ESCC, which correspond to the deepest parts of the lesions' infiltration. METHODS: Patients with ESCC and precancerous lesions diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled between January 2019 and April 2023. Patients first underwent magnified endoscopic examination, followed by endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical treatment. Pathological images were scanned using a three-dimensional slice scanner, and the pathological structural differences in different types, according to the JES classification, were analyzed using nonparametric tests and t-tests. RESULTS: The 35 lesions were divided into four groups according to the JES classification: A, B1, B2, and B3. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences (a P < 0.05) in the short and long calibers, area, location, and density between types A and B. Notably, there were no significant differences in these parameters between types B1 and B2 and between types B2 and B3 (P > 0.05). However, significant differences in the short calibers, long calibers, and area of IPCL were observed between types B1 and B3 (a P < 0.05); no significant differences were found in the density or location (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pathological structures of IPCLs in the deepest infiltrating regions differ among various IPCL types classified by the JES classification under magnifying endoscopy, especially between the types A and B.

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Background: Minocycline, a derivative of tetracycline, has anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) properties and can be used to treat H. pylori infection. However, only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of minocycline-containing quadruple therapy (MCQT) in treating H. pylori infection. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of MCQT and investigate the factors influencing both aspects. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection between January 1, 2022, and July 31, 2023 at. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori, and the secondary outcome was the number and type of adverse events. Results: A total of 828 patients were included in this study. The overall H. pylori eradication rate among the included patients at 95% confidence interval (CI) (Range 0.864 to 0.907) was 88.53%. The H. pylori eradication rate for patients who received MCQT regimen as the primary therapy was 92.28% (95% CI: 0.901-0.945), significantly higher than that of patients who received MCQT as rescue therapy (80.81%; 95% CI: 0.761-0.855, P=0.003). Adverse events, including dizziness, abdominal distension, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, constipation, headache, rash, sleep disorder, palpitation, backache, and anorexia, occurred in 185 (22.34%) patients, with dizziness being the most common (75/828, 9.06%). Compliance with MCQT therapy was an independent factor influencing H. pylori eradication in patients receiving MCQT as a primary therapy. Compliance and presence or absence of H. pylori infection symptoms at the time of screening were independent factors influencing H. Pylori eradication in patients receiving MCQT as rescue therapy. Factors that influenced the occurrence of adverse events included reasons for H. pylori infection screening, residence, treatment compliance, and the use of acid-suppressant regimens. Conclusion: MCQT regimens were effective in H. pylori infection eradication, and the treatment resulted only in fewer adverse events when used as primary or rescue therapies for H. pylori infection treatment. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive data are needed to validate our findings.

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OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of tailored therapy guided by genotypic resistance in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in treatment-naive patients. METHODS: Gastric mucosal specimens were taken during gastroscopy, and main mutations of clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-resistant genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sensitive antibiotics were selected individually for treating H. pylori infection with tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) consisting of esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, or levofloxacin 500 mg once daily, or metronidazole 400 mg four times daily. Safety and patient compliance were assessed 1-3 days after eradication. Treatment outcome was evaluated by urea breath test 4-8 weeks after eradication. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two treatment-naive patients with H. pylori infection were included. PCR results suggested resistance rates of 47.7% and 34.9% for clarithromycin and levofloxacin, respectively, and a dual resistance rate of 18.2%. Eradication rates of tailored BQT were 87.1% and 95.8% by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per-protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of 7-day clarithromycin-containing, 7-day levofloxacin-containing, and 14-day full-dose metronidazole-containing BQT (ITT analysis: P = 0.488; PP analysis: P = 0.833). The incidence of adverse events was 19.7%, and patient compliance was 97.7%. CONCLUSION: Tailored BQT guided by genotypic resistance can achieve satisfactory efficacy, safety, and patient compliance in the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection.

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The commonly used terms "sham acupuncture" and "placebo acupuncture" in clinical acupuncture research is compared and analyzed in this article. In terms of their respective characteristics, sham acupuncture has a wider scope, including various types of acupoints, needle insertion at non-acupoint or non-insertion at acupoints, while placebo acupuncture mainly focuses on non-insertion at acupoints. Sham acupuncture mainly emphasizes the appearance similarity to real acupuncture, while placebo acupuncture emphasizes both similarity in appearance and the absence of therapeutic effects. Properly distinguishing and applying sham acupuncture and placebo acupuncture can help standardize their usage in terminology. Considering the difficulty in setting up qualified placebo acupuncture, it is suggested that researchers use the term "sham acupuncture" to describe the acupuncture control methods used in clinical research.

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In observational studies, herbal prescriptions are usually studied in the form of "similar prescriptions". At present, the classification of prescriptions is mainly based on clinical experience judgment, but there are some problems in manual judgment, such as lack of unified criteria, labor consumption, and difficulty in verification. In the construction of a database of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), our research group tried to classify real-world herbal prescriptions using a similarity matching algorithm. The main steps include 78 target prescriptions are determined in advance; four levels of importance labeling shall be carried out for the drugs of each target prescription; the combination, format conversion, and standardization of drug names of the prescriptions to be identified in the herbal medicine database; calculate the similarity between the prescriptions to be identified and each target prescription one by one; prescription discrimination is performed based on the preset criteria; remove the name of the prescriptions with "large prescriptions cover the small". Through the similarity matching algorithm, 87.49% of the real prescriptions in the herbal medicine database of this study can be identified, which preliminarily proves that this method can complete the classification of herbal prescriptions. However, this method does not consider the influence of herbal dosage on the results, and there is no recognized standard for the weight of drug importance and criteria, so there are some limitations, which need to be further explored and improved in future research.

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BACKGROUND@#Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Acupuncture has been proposed as a promising intervention for LBP, but the evidence supporting its specific effect is insufficient, and the use of sham acupuncture as a control in clinical trials presents challenges due to variations in sham acupuncture techniques and the magnitude of the placebo effect.@*OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the magnitude of the placebo response of sham acupuncture in trials of acupuncture for nonspecific LBP, and to assess whether different types of sham acupuncture are associated with different responses.@*METHODS@#Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 15, 2023, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they randomized patients with LBP to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture intervention. The main outcomes included the placebo response in pain intensity, back-specific function and quality of life. Placebo response was defined as the change in these outcome measures from baseline to the end of treatment. Random-effects models were used to synthesize the results, standardized mean differences (SMDs, Hedges'g) were applied to estimate the effect size.@*RESULTS@#A total of 18 RCTs with 3,321 patients were included. Sham acupuncture showed a noteworthy pooled placebo response in pain intensity in patients with LBP [SMD -1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.95 to -0.91, I2=89%]. A significant placebo response was also shown in back-specific functional status (SMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.29, I2=73%), but not in quality of life (SMD 0.34, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.88, I2=84%). Trials in which the sham acupuncture penetrated the skin or performed with regular needles had a significantly higher placebo response in pain intensity reduction, but other factors such as the location of sham acupuncture did not have a significant impact on the placebo response.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sham acupuncture is associated with a large placebo response in pain intensity among patients with LBP. Researchers should also be aware that the types of sham acupuncture applied may potentially impact the evaluation of the efficacy of acupuncture. Nonetheless, considering the nature of placebo response, the effect of other contextual factors cannot be ruled out in this study. (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022304416).

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BACKGROUND@#Currently, more and more infertility couples are opting for combined acupuncture to improve success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, evidence from acupuncture for improving IVF pregnancy outcomes remains a matter of debate.@*OBJECTIVE@#To quantitatively summarized the evidence of the efficacy of acupuncture among women undergoing IVF by means of systematic review and meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#Four English (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Clinical Trials) and Four Chinese databases (Wanfang Databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and SinoMed) were searched from database inception until July 2, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the acupuncture's effects for women undergoing IVF were included. The subgroup analysis was conducted with respect to the age of participants, different acupuncture types, type of control, acupuncture timing, geographical origin of the study, whether or not repeated IVF failure, and acupuncture sessions. Sensitivity analyses were predefifined to explore the robustness of results. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR), and the secondary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Random effects model with I2 statistics were used to quantify heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger's tests.@*RESULTS@#A total of 58 eligible RCTs representing 10,968 women undergoing IVF for pregnant success were identifified. Pooled CPR and LBR showed a signifificant difference between acupuncture and control groups [69 comparisons, relative risk (RR) 1.19, 95% confifidence intervals (CI) 1.12 to 1.25, I2=0], extremely low evidence; 23 comparisons, RR 1.11, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.21, I2=14.6, low evidence, respectively). Only transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation showed a positive effect on both CPR (16 comparisons, RR 1.17, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.29; I2=0, moderate evidence) and LBR (9 comparisons, RR 1.20, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.37; I2=8.5, extremely low evidence). Heterogeneity across studies was found and no studies were graded as high-quality evidence.@*CONCLUSION@#Results showed that the convincing evidence levels on the associations between acupuncture and IVF pregnant outcomes were relatively low, and the varied methodological design and heterogeneity might inflfluence the fifindings. (Registration No. PROSPERO CRD42021232430).

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BACKGROUND@#The placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea is a substantial factor associated with analgesia. However, the magnitude of the placebo response is unclear.@*OBJECTIVE@#This meta-analysis assessed the effects of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and the factors contributing to these effects.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to August 20, 2022.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using sham acupuncture as a control for female patients of reproductive age with primary dysmenorrhea were included.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Pain intensity, retrospective symptom scale, and health-related quality of life were outcome measures used in these trials. Placebo response was defined as the change in the outcome of interest from baseline to endpoint. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate the effect size of the placebo response.@*RESULTS@#Thirteen RCTs were included. The pooled placebo response size for pain intensity was the largest (SMD = -0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.31 to -0.68), followed by the retrospective symptom scale (Total frequency rating score: SMD = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.39. Average severity score: SMD = -0.35; 95% CI, -0.90 to -0.20) and physical component of SF-36 (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.72). Studies using blunt-tip needles, single-center trials, studies with a low risk of bias, studies in which patients had a longer disease course, studies in which clinicians had < 5 years of experience, and trials conducted outside Asia were more likely to have a lower placebo response.@*CONCLUSION@#Strong placebo response and some relative factors were found in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022304215. Please cite this article as: Sun CY, Xiong ZY, Sun CY, Ma PH, Liu XY, Sun CY, Xin ZY, Liu BY, Liu CZ, Yan SY. Placebo response of sham acupuncture in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 455-463.

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PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) on parameters related to cardiotoxicity in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving anthracycline or trastuzumab. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies on AE via the screening of standard databases from their inception to January 18, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed qualitatively using the domains outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were analyzed quantitatively using fixed effects meta-analysis and subgroup analysis in RevMan software. Notable outcomes included imaging outcomes of cardiotoxicity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiac biomarkers. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of the pooled evidence obtained from seven studies revealed that AE significantly increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and E/A values, compared to the values observed during usual care. Moreover, AE was safe and feasible, and was associated with a lower risk of adverse effects, a higher participation rate, and better results, when combined with resistance exercise. CONCLUSION: In BC patients receiving anthracyclines or trastuzumab, the effects of AE on the levels of cardiotoxicity were mixed; the diastolic functions and VO2 peak values were improved, biomarkers were not affected, and the overall improvements in the levels of cardiotoxicity were promising, despite the use of different exercise parameters.

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BACKGROUND: Ciprofol is a recently developed, short-acting γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist sedative that is more potent than propofol, but there have been few clinical studies of this agent to date. Here, we sought to examine the safety and efficacy of ciprofol use for the induction of general anesthesia in individuals undergoing gynecological surgery. METHODS: Women between the ages of 18 and 60 years (ASA physical status 1 or 2) who were scheduled to undergo elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to two equally sized groups in which anesthesia induction was performed using either ciprofol or propofol. General anesthesia induction success rates were the primary outcome for this study, while secondary outcomes included changes in BIS during the 10 min following the first administration of the study drug, the duration of successful induction, and adverse event incidence. RESULTS: A total of 120 women were included in the study. A 100% rate of successful induction was achieved in both the ciprofol and propofol groups, with no significant differences between these groups with respect to the duration of successful induction (34.8 ± 15.5 s vs 35.4 ± 9.5 s, P = 0.832), the time to the disappearance of the eyelash reflex (33.7 ± 10.6 s vs 34.0 ± 6.5 s, P = 0.860), or tracheal intubation (58.2 ± 31.1 s vs 53.9 ± 25.4 s, P = 0.448). Adverse event rates, including intubation responses, were significantly lower in the ciprofol group as compared to the propofol group(20% vs 48.33%, P = 0.0019). Ciprofol was associated with reduced injection pain relative to propofol (16.7% vs 58.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofol exhibits comparable efficacy to that of propofol when used for the induction of general anesthesia in individuals undergoing gynecological surgery and is associated with fewer adverse events.

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BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to identify and understand the potential effectiveness of therapeutic target in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and its regulation mechanism. METHODS: The role and mechanism of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the disease were investigated. The IVDD degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues from the human and mouse models were used.A total of three groups of Male BALB/c mice were randomly made i.e control, IVDD, and IVDD+Ad-shIL-18 groups. After Ad-shIL-18 transfection, the expression of ECM synthesis related protein Aggrecan (ACAN) and Collagen II, apoptotic effector Caspases (Caspase-3, 8, 9, 12 and Cleaved-Caspase 3, 8, 9, 12), pro-apoptotic gene Bax and anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 in NP cells of the human were evaluated. RESULTS: The results of our study revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-18 were notably increased in the NP tissues of IVDD patients and mice models. In the IVDD mice model, Ad-sh-IL-18 treatment reversed the IVDD progression. The levels of Aggrecan and Collagen II, contributing to ECM degradation in NP cells, were also significantly increased. Additionally, Ad-sh-IL-18 could inhibit the NP cell's apoptosis via regulating the caspase-3/9 pathway. CONCLUSION: The IL-18 knockdown via the caspase-3/9 pathway, might reduce the NP cell's death as well as the imbalance between catabolism and anabolism of ECM in IVDD.

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BACKGROUND: The gastric microbiota in patients with gastric cancer (GC) has received increasing attention, but the profiling of the gastric microbiome through the histological stages of gastric tumorigenesis remains poorly understood, especially for patients with Helicobacter pylori-negative GC (HPNGC). AIM: To characterize microbial profiles of gastric mucosa and juice for HPNGC carcinogenesis and identify distinct taxa in precancerous lesions. METHODS: The 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed on gastric mucosa from 134 Helicobacter pylori-negative cases, including 56 superficial gastritis (SG), 9 atrophic gastritis (AG), 27 intestinal metaplasia (IM), 29 dysplasia (Dys), and 13 GC cases, to investigate differences in gastric microbial diversity and composition across the disease stages. In addition, paired gastric mucosa and juice samples from 18 SG, 18 IM, and 18 Dys samples were analyzed. α-Diversity was measured by Shannon and Chao1 indexes, and ß-diversity was calculated using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Differences in the microbial composition across disease stages in different sample types were assessed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size. RESULTS: The diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the gastric mucosa changed progressively across stages of gastric carcinogenesis. The diversity of the gastric mucosa microbiota was found to be significantly lower in the IM and Dys groups than in the SG group, and the patients with GC had the lowest bacterial community richness (P < 0.05). Patients with IM and those with Dys had similar gastric mucosa microbiota profiles with Ralstonia and Rhodococcus as the predominant genera. Microbial network analysis showed that there was increasing correlation strength between IM and Dys (|correlation threshold|≥ 0.5, P < 0.05). GC and its precancerous lesions have distinguishable bacterial taxa; our results identified HPNGC-associated bacteria Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae (P < 0.05). Additionally, across precancerous lesion stages from AG to Dys in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients, Burkholderiaceae abundance continuously increased, while Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae abundance presented a continuous downward trend. Furthermore, the microbial diversity was higher in gastric juice (P < 0.001) than in the mucosa, while PLS-DA revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (ANOSIM, P = 0.001). A significant difference in the microbial structure was identified, with Proteobacteria being more prevalent in the gastric mucosa and Firmicutes being more abundant in gastric juice. CONCLUSION: Our results provide insights into potential taxonomic biomarkers for HPNGC and its precancerous stages and assist in predicting the prognosis of IM and Dys based on the mucosal microbiota profile.

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The progress of Chinese clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion in recent 10 years was reviewed and analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were put forward for the current problems. In the past 10 years, Chinese clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion has made considerable progress, mainly in the following areas: a series of internationally recognized clinical research evidences have been published, a preliminary acupuncture clinical evaluation system has formed, sham/placebo acupuncture control is widely used internationally, acupuncture clinical research norms and standards have been initially established. However, the following issues still need to be paid attention to in follow-up research: focus on the overall layout and refinement of clinical research, further improvement of clinical evaluation system, developing relevant norms for sham/placebo acupuncture setting and reporting, strengthening data sharing and platform integration, building a smooth basic and two-way transformation clinical pathway, etc.

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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the main factors affecting the positive results of acupuncture for chronic pain in English literature of randomized controlled trial (RCT), in order to provide reference for the design of acupuncture clinical research.@*METHODS@#The RCTs of acupuncture for chronic pain published before March 26, 2020 were searched in PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library by computer. A total of 21 factors were analyzed by single-factor analysis, and the factors with statistically significant difference were selected for multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 69 RCTs were included, including 47 RCTs (68.12%) with positive results and 22 RCTs (31.88%) with non-positive results. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed with the three screened factors (publication year, treatment frequency and intervention form) selected by single-factor analysis, and the results showed that the positive results were related to the frequency of acupuncture treatment. The positive rate of RCT with frequency≥2 times a week was 3.24 times of that with frequency<2 times a week (OR=3.24, 95%CI =[1.07,9.83], P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture frequency may be the main factor affecting the positive results of RCT in English literature of acupuncture for chronic pain. More researches are needed in the future to explore the influence of acupuncture frequency on the curative effect.

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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases. Yet, full eradication of H. pylori remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. H. pylori and other microbial communities have complex interactions in the unique gastric microecological environment. However, it is not clear whether the interactions have any effect on the therapeutic effect of H. pylori. AIM: The aim was to investigate the characteristics of the gastric microbiota with H. pylori infection and the influence on the H. pylori eradication treatment. METHODS: Patients with H. pylori infection underwent gastroscopy and received treatment for eradication. The prescription included esomeprazole 20 mg bid, Livzon Dele 220 mg bid, amoxicillin 1000 mg bid, and clarithromycin 500 mg bid for 14 d. Patients who did not respond to treatment and failed eradication were compared with those who achieved eradication by 1:2 propensity matching. High-throughput sequencing of the gastric mucosal microbiota was performed, and the results were evaluated by alpha diversity analysis, beta diversity analysis, species correlation analysis, and metabolic pathway correlation analysis. RESULTS: The eradication rate of all the patients was 95.5% (171/179). Twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study after propensity-matched scoring. There were eight cases in the failure group (patients who did not respond well to therapy) and 16 cases in the success group. The majority phyla in the two groups were the same, and included Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, and Fusobacteria. The microbial diversity in the failure group had a decreasing trend (P = 0.092) and the species abundance was significantly lower (P = 0.031) compared with the success group. The high rate of H. pylori eradication was associated with Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Sphingomonas, as they were significantly enriched in the successful group (P < 0.05). Veronococcus and Cilium were enriched in the mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis patients compared with chronic superficial gastritis patients (P = 0.0466 and 0.0122, respectively). In both study groups, H. pylori was negatively correlated with other bacterial genera. More bacterial genera were directly related to H. pylori in the successful group compared with the failure group. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of quadruple H. pylori eradication therapy containing bismuth depended on gastric microbiota, and the high rate of H. pylori eradication was associated with the presence of Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Sphingomonas.

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Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide energy for mammalian cells and participate in multiple functions, such as signal transduction, cellular differentiation, and regulation of apoptosis. Compared with the mitochondria in somatic cells, oocyte mitochondria have an additional level of importance since they are required for germ cell maturation, dysfunction in which can lead to severe inherited disorders. Thus, a systematic proteomic profile of oocyte mitochondria is urgently needed to support the basic and clinical research, but the acquisition of such a profile has been hindered by the rarity of oocyte samples and technical challenges associated with capturing mitochondrial proteins from live oocytes. Here, in this work, using proximity labeling proteomics, we established a mitochondria-specific ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2) reaction in live GV-stage mouse oocytes and identified a total of 158 proteins in oocyte mitochondria. This proteome includes intrinsic mitochondrial structural and functional components involved in processes associated with "cellular respiration", "ATP metabolism", "mitochondrial transport", etc. In addition, mitochondrial proteome capture after oocyte exposure to the antitumor chemotherapeutic cisplatin revealed differential changes in the abundance of several oocyte-specific mitochondrial proteins. Our study provides the first description of a mammalian oocyte mitochondrial proteome of which we are aware, and further illustrates the dynamic shifts in protein abundance associated with chemotherapeutic agents.

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Taking the clinical trial of acupuncture in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome as an example, this paper proposes that the acupuncture clinical trial protocol should be optimized in view of acupuncture prescription, acupuncture frequency and outcomes. Besides, the data quality of acupuncture clinical trial should be improved in consideration of data sharing and electronic data capture so as to provide a reference for the majority of researchers to optimize and implement acupuncture clinical trial.

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Pilot study is essential prerequisite for large-scale research. Acupuncture is a complex intervention measure. The factors of its clinical effect and effect mechanism are complicated. Hence, the resource waste is easily induced in research if the large-scale clinical research is rashly carried out before scientific verification. Currently, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence of clinical research, which affects the promotion and application of the curative effect of acupuncture. The pilot study of acupuncture can evaluate the feasibility and the process coordination of trial, optimize program and process and provide the basis of sample size calculation prior to launching a full-scale trial. Thereby, the methodological quality of acupuncture research and the reliability of trial results can be improved. In the paper, the arguments focus on the definition, design and report of pilot study so as to provide the approaches and references for the design and implementation of pilot study of clinical research of acupuncture.

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To date, there are some chemically synthesized curcumin derivatives which were produced and identified to evade the disadvantages of physiochemical stability and solubility of curcumin. Here, one novel curcumin derivative, (2-(3-{(1E)-{(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-oxocyclohexylidene)methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid}, (abbreviated as MOMI-1) was first used to detect the antiproliferation activity with MTT assays in different cancer cells including A549 lung cancer cells, MCF-7, and HEPG2 cell lines, and exhibited its wide inhibition spectrum. Next, we found that MOMI-1 could induce autophagic genesis of A549 cells by acridine orange or monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) recombinant plasmid transfection analysis, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the LC3-I/II conversion, beclin-1 increase and p62 reduction of A549 cells after exposure of MOMI-1, which suggested the typical autophagy induction. The following cell cycle test showed that MOMI-1 could block A549 cells in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, wounding healing experiment and transwell assays demonstrated that MOMI-1 also possessed the antimigration ability of A549 cells. Our current results confirmed that MOMI-1 could inhibit the proliferation and induce autophagy of A549 cells, which provide a new potential chemical candidate of antigrowth of A549 lung cancer cells. Future work needs to focus on the mechanism of autophagy pathway of A549 cells.

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Helicobacter pylori infection is related to the development of gastric diseases. Our previous studies showed that high thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) expression in H. pylori can promote gastric carcinogenesis. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of stomach tissues from Mongolian gerbil infected with H. pylori expressing high and low Trx1. Differences in the profiles of the expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified using Western blot analysis. We found three candidate proteins, 14-3-3α/ß, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in high Trx1 tissues compared with low Trx1 tissues and concluded that cellular stress and redox activity-related proteins were involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori Trx1.

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