RESUMEN
Background: Globally, there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among front-line health workers (FHW). This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of FHW of Pakistan after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A population web-based survey on COVID-19 vaccine was conducted on 635 FHW in Pakistan between April 15, 2021, and July 15, 2021. The survey focused on four main sections consisting of socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The data was analyzed on SPSS. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Overall, 60% of FHW were nervous before getting vaccinated, with the leading reason to get vaccinated being their concern to protect themselves and their community (53.4%). A majority of FHW had fear about the unseen side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine (59.7%) used in Pakistan, with the most common side effect reported as soreness at the injection site (39%). It has been noted that almost all of the FHW observed preventive practices after getting vaccinated. The results showed that married respondents had favorable practices towards COVID-19 vaccines (B = 0.53, p < 0.01) (B, unstandardized regression coefficient). It was also found that more informational sources (B = 0.19, p < 0.01), higher knowledge of vaccination (B = 0.15, p < 0.001), and favorable attitude toward vaccine (B = 0.12, p < 0.001) significantly predicted favorable practices toward COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: The findings reflect that FHW, though they were worried about its side effects, have good knowledge and a positive attitude after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. This study is significant as the FHWs are a symbol for guidance, a reliable source of information, and an encouraging means of receiving COVID-19 vaccine for the general public. This study also reported that post-vaccination side effects were mild which will aid in reducing the vaccine hesitancy among the general Pakistani population.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Estudios Transversales , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Pakistán/epidemiología , Vacunación/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of incivility and perception of dental students and faculty regarding uncivil behaviors in the online learning environment. METHODS: Incivility in online environment (IOLE) survey was used to collect data from dental students (n = 232) and faculty (n = 35) at Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September to December 2021. A 4- point Likert scale was used for respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding incivility in IOLE, and a list of students' and faculty's uncivil behaviors. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The level of significance was kept at ≤0.05. RESULTS: The majority of the students reported online incivility as either "a moderate or serious problem" (n = 103, 72.0%), and the majority of faculty (n = 12, 56%) reported incivility as "no to a mild problem" (p = 0.018). Both students and faculty agreed that students are more likely to engage in uncivil behavior in OLE as compared to faculty. Various forms of rude/threatening comments and posting ambiguous or vague responses that do not add meaning to the online discussion were considered uncivil student behaviors by both students and faculty (p ≤ 0.05). Assigning grades without providing useful feedback and threatening to fail students for not complying with faculty's demands were perceived as uncivil faculty behaviors (p ≤ 0.05). Female students and students with less self-reported expertise in online learning had greater mean scores for faculty uncivil behaviors (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Incivility exists in OLE in dentistry with the more likely engagement of students in uncivil behaviors. With the increasing use of online platforms for education in dentistry, there is a need for further research and training courses for both students and faculty to reduce the extent of incivility and create a healthy and conducive learning environment.
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Educación a Distancia , Incivilidad , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Humanos , Femenino , Docentes de Enfermería , Estudiantes de Odontología , Conducta Social , PercepciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population.In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to Pâ<â.25.A total of 211 OSCC cases were registered in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. Majority of them were male (57.82%), non-smoker (54.97%), non-alcohol consumer (91.94%), and non-betel quid chewer (93.83%) Malay (60.66%) patients. The tongue was the most commonly involved part of the oral cavity (41.52%). Histologically, the majority of the cases had moderately-differentiated OSCC (52.82%). Most of the patients were diagnosed at stage IV at the time of diagnosis (61.61%). When this study was performed, the survival status of the majority of the patients was alive (68.24%).Within the analyzed socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters, gender, alcohol consumption, T-classification, histological grading, and treatment status have been demonstrated as an independent risk factors for mortality rate in multivariate analysis. Hence, these parameters need to be taken into account for the individualized therapy management of OSCC patients.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Malasia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate medical students' views about undertaking structured long interview and clinical examination as a formative assessment. METHODS: The qualitative, exploratory study was conducted from February to July 2019 at the Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised final year medical students having undertaken formative assessment through structured long interview and clinical examination during their clerkship rotation in Paediatrics, General Medicine, General Surgery and Gynaecology and Obstetrics. Four sets of focus group discussions were conducted according to the relevant clerkship module. Each recorded FGD was transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted manually. RESULTS: Of the 32 students, there were 8(25%) in each of the four groups. Five major themes and five-sub-themes emerged, with the main themes being: Purpose, Learning, Timing, Relevancy and Fairness of the structured long interview and clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: The students generally thought that the structured long interview and clinical examination was effective in enhancing their clinical skills learning and should be conducted more frequently with minor adjustments.
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Prácticas Clínicas , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Estudiantes de Medicina , Niño , Competencia Clínica , Humanos , Examen FísicoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association of socio-demographic and clinic-pathological risk factors with oral cancer in Kelantan, Malaysia. Material and Methods: A 19-year cross-sectional survey was performed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia. Medical record of 301 oral cancer patients was retrieved from the Medical Records office. Results: The majority of the oral cancer cases were male (62.8%), non-smokers (57.5%), non-alcohol consumers (83.4%), non-betel quid chewers (96.7%), and belonged to Malay ethnicity (68.8%). At the time of diagnosis, most of the patients were at stage II (38.9%). Approximately one-third (30.6%) of the total OC patients experienced loco-regional/distant metastasis, whereas no metastasis was detected in around two-thirds of cases (69.4%). A combination of surgery and radiotherapy was the most commonly employed treatment modality (27.2%). At the time of this study, the survival status of most of the patients was alive (69.1%). The most frequently encountered oral cancer in the Kelantanese population was oral squamous cell carcinoma (70.1%), with the tongue being the most frequently involved oral cavity site (35.5%). Conclusion: More than three-fourths of the cases were alive at follow-up, which included the cases that did not undergo any form of treatment.
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Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Registros Médicos , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Malasia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mortality rate in patients presenting with Necrotizing Fasciitis. This prospective study was conducted at ward 26, JPMC Karachi over a period of two years from March 2001 to Feb 2003. METHODS: All patients above the age of 12 years diagnosed to be having Necrotizing Fasciitis and admitted through the Accident and emergency department were included in this study. After resuscitation, the patients underwent the emergency exploration and aggressive surgical debridement. Post-operatively, the patients were managed in isolated section of the ward. The patients requiring grafting were referred to plastic surgery unit. The patients were followed up in outpatients department for about two years. RESULTS: Over all, 25 male and 5 female patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The common clinical manifestations include redness, swelling, discharging abscess, pain, fever, skin necrosis and foul smelling discharge etc. The most common predisposing factor was Diabetes mellitus whereas the most commonly involved site was perineum. All patients underwent aggressive and extensive surgical debridements. The common additional procedures included Skin grafting, Secondary suturing, Cystostomy and Orchidectomy. Bacteroides and E. coli were the main micro-organisms isolated in this study. Bacteroides was the most common microorganism isolated among the eight patients who died. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing Fasciitis is a potentially life threatening emergency condition and carries the mortality rate of about 26.6%. The major contributing factors to increase the mortality missed initially diagnosed, old age, diabetes mellitus truncal involvement and late presentation. Anorectal involvement of disease carry worse prognosis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and proper use of unprocessed honey reduced the mortality rate.
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Desbridamiento , Fascitis Necrotizante/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cistotomía , Fascitis Necrotizante/microbiología , Fascitis Necrotizante/cirugía , Fascitis Necrotizante/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Orquiectomía , Pakistán/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Trasplante de Piel , Técnicas de SuturaRESUMEN
We report a rare case of low grade sarcoma of scrotal wall. A male child aged 2 1/2 years presented with history of scrotal lymphoedema involving the left side of scrotum, slowly progressive since birth. We planned scrotectomy but the patient was lost to follow-up. During intervening period, left inguinal omentopexy was done elsewhere. The patient again presented 3 years later with multiple swellings in scrotum. We performed almost complete scrotectomy with reconstruction of the scrotal defect using scrotal remnant as a stretchable musculocutaneous flap. A third of the residual scrotum could be expanded to resurface the entire scrotum. On histopathology, low grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of grade-I was confirmed. Post-operative follow-up showed no residual disease.