RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the prevalence of the vascularized foveal zone, including macular-foveal capillaries (MFC) and congenital retinal macrovessels (CRM), and to analyze the structural characteristics of the macular area in patients with MFC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first phase of the study evaluated the prevalence of MFC and CRM. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was performed, and OCT-A images of the foveal avascular zone were analyzed. In the second phase, two groups were formed: the MFC group (12 eyes, 9 patients, mean age 43.8±10.7 years) and the control group (18 eyes, 17 patients, mean age 43.0±11.8 years). A comparative analysis was performed assessing central retinal thickness (CRT), thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and foveal pit depth. RESULTS: MFCs were detected in 45 eyes from a total sample of 1031 eyes of 536 patients. The presence of CRM was recorded in three eyes of three patients. RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the MFC group in the inferior parafoveal sector (26.50 [26.00; 29.50] and 24.50 [21.75; 26.50] µm; p=0.022) and in the foveal zone (15.50 [14.00; 16.00] and 12.00 [11.00; 14.00] µm; p=0.017). Additionally, patients with MFC had a higher thickness of GCL and IPL in the fovea, inferior, nasal, and temporal parafoveal sectors. The depth of the foveal pit was significantly lower in the MFC group compared to the control group (83.0 [77.4; 101.6] and 128.0 [107.5; 147.05] µm; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MFC was 4.36% (calculated per number of eyes), while the prevalence of CRM - 0.29%. The macular area in patients with MFC had increased thickness of the inner retinal layers and decreased depth of the foveal pit, suggesting potential disruption in the natural process of ganglion cell migration and apoptosis during embryogenesis.

Asunto(s)

Fóvea Central , Vasos Retinianos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Humanos , Fóvea Central/irrigación sanguínea , Fóvea Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Prevalencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Capilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Capilares/patología , Enfermedades de la Retina/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Agudeza Visual , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos

RESUMEN

We studied the effects of visceral obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and health-improving variants of its correction on morphological characteristics of the muscle tissue in male Wistar rats. At stage I, the rats received standard (StD) or high-calorie diet (HCD) for 8 weeks. At stage II, the animals were divided into the following subgroups: no correction (StD and HCD), switching from HCD to StD (HCD/StD) and/or connection of physical activity in the form of treadmill running (StD+running, HCD+running, and HCD/StD+running) for the next 8 weeks. Diet-induced visceral obesity was shown to result in a decrease in the weight of the triceps surae muscle, fatty infiltration, intracellular edema, partial lysis of contractile elements, weak inflammatory response, and decreased muscle fiber area on cross section. Treadmill running (HCD+running) exacerbates the morphological changes, but returns muscle fiber area to normal. Correction of visceral obesity and relative normalization of muscle tissue structure was noted when switching to a standard diet (HCD/StD and HCD/StD+running).

Asunto(s)

Músculo Esquelético , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Obesidad/patología , Obesidad Abdominal/patología , Obesidad Abdominal/dietoterapia , Pérdida de Peso , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Carrera/fisiología

RESUMEN

We performed a matched-pair analysis of the content of GDF11 and GDF15 proteins in the plasma of patients (56 middle-aged men) with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and healthy volunteers (27 men with no complaints of sleep disorders). The groups were comparable in terms of age and presence of chronic diseases. No statistically significant differences in GDF11 content in the studied groups were revealed, while the content of GDF15 in the OSAS group was 1.3 times higher. These results require further research from the viewpoint of geriatric somnology and molecular biology.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas , Factor 15 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento , Factores de Diferenciación de Crecimiento , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/sangre , Proyectos Piloto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor 15 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/sangre , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/sangre , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 15/sangre , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 15/genética , Adulto , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/sangre , Anciano

RESUMEN

In this article, we consider the influence of a periodic sequence of Gaussian pulses on a chimera state in a ring of coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo systems. We found that on the way to complete spatial synchronization, one can observe a number of variations of chimera states that are not typical for the parameter range under consideration. For example, the following modes were found: breathing chimera, chimera with intermittency in the incoherent part, traveling chimera with strong intermittency, and others. For comparison, here we also consider the impact of a harmonic influence on the same chimera, and to preserve the generality of the conclusions, we compare the regimes caused by both a purely positive harmonic influence and a positive-negative one.

RESUMEN

This review is devoted to the English- and Russian-language terminology of quantitative metrics that are used in the evaluation of images obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The paper presents an analysis of the use of terms characterizing intraretinal blood flow (vascular density, perfusion density, skeletonized density, etc.), area and shape of the foveal avascular zone, and choriocapillaris blood flow. The factors causing the heterogeneity of OCT-A terminology are described, including the lack of a unified international nomenclature for OCT-A, features of their Russian translation, inconsistency of the parameters in optical coherence tomography systems of different manufacturers. The article also considers ways to standardize the terminology.

Asunto(s)

Vasos Retinianos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Humanos , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Terminología como Asunto , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Coroides/irrigación sanguínea , Coroides/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

The levels of endothelins were assessed in menopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19. Women under observation (age 45-69 years) were divided into two groups. Control group consisted of women (n=16) who did not have COVID-19, were not vaccinated, and had no antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG). The main group included women (n=63) in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19 accompanied by pneumonia. According to the clinical and anamnestic data analysis, the main group was divided into subgroups: without AH and T2DM (n=21); with AH and without T2DM (n=32); and with AH and T2DM (n=10). The parameters of clinical blood analysis, as well as endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 levels were assessed. In women with a moderate COVID-19, the endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 levels were increased compared to the control regardless of AH and T2DM status. We found no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters of endothelial dysfunction between the subgroups of menopausal women in the acute phase of the moderate COVID-19.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Comorbilidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Endotelinas , Hipertensión , Menopausia , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Anciano , Menopausia/sangre , Endotelinas/sangre , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/virología , Pandemias , Endotelina-1/sangre , Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología

RESUMEN

We compared alpha diversity indices of the intestinal microbiota in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight, taking into account their ethnicity. Intestinal biocenosis was studied by metasequencing of amplicon libraries of V3-V4 fragments of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha diversity of the microbiota was assessed using classical and alternative indices. Statistically significant differences in intestinal microbiota were observed between Russians with obesity and Buryats with normal body weight, as well as between Russians with obesity and Buryats with obesity when assessing the Shannon-Weaver, Chao1 indices, Faith phylogenetic diversity index, ACE, Fisher, Gini coefficient, Margalef, and Menkhinik indices. It was shown that alpha diversity indices can be used to assess significance of differences and variability of the intestinal microbiota in multifactorial diseases such as obesity in adolescents; however, the scope of application of the criteria should be considered.

Asunto(s)

Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Obesidad , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Etnicidad/genética , Heces/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad Infantil/microbiología , Obesidad Infantil/etnología , Obesidad Infantil/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Federación de Rusia

RESUMEN

In recent years, the hardware implementation of neural networks, leveraging physical coupling and analog neurons has substantially increased in relevance. Such nonlinear and complex physical networks provide significant advantages in speed and energy efficiency, but are potentially susceptible to internal noise when compared to digital emulations of such networks. In this work, we consider how additive and multiplicative Gaussian white noise on the neuronal level can affect the accuracy of the network when applied for specific tasks and including a softmax function in the readout layer. We adapt several noise reduction techniques to the essential setting of classification tasks, which represent a large fraction of neural network computing. We find that these adjusted concepts are highly effective in mitigating the detrimental impact of noise.

RESUMEN

The effects of diet-induced visceral obesity and non-drug options of its correction on the level of sex hormones and corticosterone were evaluated in 84 female Wistar rats. During stage I, the rats received either a standard diet (STD) or a high-calorie diet (HCD) for 8 weeks. During stage II, the animals were divided into subgroups depending on obesity correction: without correction (STD control and HCD), transition from HCD to STD (HCD/STD) and/or physical activity (treadmill exercise) for the next 8 weeks (HCD/STD+exercise, STD+exercise, and HCD+exercise). Diet-induced visceral obesity resulted in hyperandrogenization and increased blood corticosterone levels in females. Transition from HCD to STD regardless of physical activity led to normalization of testosterone level and, accordingly, to return to the functional norm of estrogen-androgen balance. The positive effect of moderate physical activity on hormonal status is realized only against the background of a balanced diet or during the transition from HCD to STD.

Asunto(s)

Corticosterona , Obesidad Abdominal , Ratas , Femenino , Animales , Ratas Wistar , Dieta , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales

RESUMEN

The parameters of oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, as well as the parameters of the thiol-disulfide system and C-reactive protein in adolescent girls and boys with exogenous constitutional obesity (ECO) were evaluated. In girls and boys with obesity, the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (marker of DNA destruction) were higher than in controls. Evaluation of the activity of the thiol-disulfide system revealed increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decreased levels of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSSG ratio (GSH/GSSG) in adolescents with ECO regardless of the sex in comparison with the control. C-reactive protein was also higher in the ECO groups regardless of the sex. The levels of glutathione peroxidase in obese boys were higher than in girls. In view of the revealed shifts, corrective measures with the prescription of drugs with antioxidant properties are recommended in adolescents with ECO to stabilize the indices.

Asunto(s)

Proteína C-Reactiva , Estrés Oxidativo , Masculino , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Disulfuro de Glutatión/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo , Obesidad , ADN/metabolismo , Disulfuros , Oxidación-Reducción

RESUMEN

In this paper, we study a pattern formation in the epidermal layer of skin during tumor development and appearance of a binary surface consisting of healthy and cancer cells forming Turing patterns under external osmotic pressure. The basic methodology of introducing the external influences, for example, time-targeted drug therapy or radiation exposure, influence of electromagnetic fields, laser radiation or other tumor-targeting physical influences act differently in different phases of the cell cycle. In some cases, this can lead to a slowdown in the growth of cancer cells, and sometimes vice versa. Therefore, it is of particular interest to choose the right parameters such as starting time of external pressure, its magnitude and duration depending on the cell cycle of developing cancer cells. We propose a biologically inspired model that allows us to simulate the growth of cancer cells under conditions of osmotic pressure. We divide this growth into two phases. The first is characterized by active cell division, and the second by their growth. In this article, we introduce two types of pressure: short-term and long-term, and looked at what this leads to in different phases. We have found an interesting result, that there are some resonant points in time both in the first and second phases, when the introduction of additional pressure leads to the most significant slowdown in the growth of cancer cells.

Asunto(s)

Desaceleración , Neoplasias , Humanos , Presión Osmótica , Campos Electromagnéticos , Aceleración

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the glutathione system in pregnant women depending on the sleep quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results of the clinical and anamnestic examination made it possible to divide the subjects into the control group (PSQI≤5, n=31, mean age 32±5.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 30.86±8.41 kg/m2) and the main group (PSQI>5, n=33, mean age 33±5.23 years, BMI 30.88±7.47 kg/m2). The distribution of women by trimesters between the groups was statistically comparable: I (48.4%), II (32.3%), III (19.3%) in the control group and 1 (48.5%), 2 (36.4%), 3 (15.1%) in the main group. Glutathione status was determined by the content of reduced, oxidized glutathione and their ratio, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. The content of lipid peroxidation products was determined by the levels of diene conjugates and TBA-active products. RESULTS: PSQI was 3.81±1.30 points in the control and 8.88±3.12 points in the main group (p<0.001). There was an increase in the glutathione peroxidase activity (1349 [790.3; 2006] U/l, p=0.016) and oxidized glutathione level (2.17 [1.85; 2.33] mmol/l, p=0.048) in the main group compared with the control group (560 [438.1; 1462] U/l and 1.85 [1.53; 2.25] mmol/l, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the content of lipid peroxidation products such as diene conjugates and TBA-active products. CONCLUSION: The decrease of sleep quality in pregnant women is accompanied by changes in the glutathione component of antioxidant protection activation, which indicates the need to take measures to improve the sleep quality and correct the antioxidant status in these women.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Mujeres Embarazadas , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Disulfuro de Glutatión , Calidad del Sueño , Glutatión , Glutatión Peroxidasa

RESUMEN

Climacteric women have the post-COVID period clinical features, which can lead to an acceleration of the aging. The study consists in assessing individual parameters of the neuroendocrine system in climacteric women with a moderate course of COVID-19 and 12 months after the disease. Under observation were women aged 45-69 years, who were divided into groups: women who did not have COVID-19, not vaccinated, with no antibodies to COVID-19 (IgG) - control group (n=16); women in the acute phase of COVID-19 with a moderate course, accompanied by pneumonia - main group (n=63); patients from the main group who agreed to be examined 12 months after COVID-19 (n=15). The prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, cortisol, testosterone, 17-OH-progesterone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were assessed. In women with COVID-19 compared with the control the prolactin level was increased (p=0,0002) and the estradiol (р=0,032), testosterone (p=0,004), cortisol (p=0,009), 17-OH-progesterone (p=0,025) and DHEA-S (p=0,003) levels were reduced. Intragroup comparison of hormones showed a decrease in the prolactin level (р=0,041) and increase in the 17-OH-progesterone (р=0,011) and DHEA-S (р=0,0006) levels 12 months after the disease. With a personalized consideration of this group a decrease in the prolactin level is observed in 73,3% of these patients. In the same period, there was an increase in testosterone levels in 46,7% of women, cortisol - in 73,3% of women, 17-OH-progesterone - in 80% of women, DHEA-S - in 100% of cases. When comparing these hormonal parameters between the group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 12 months ago and the control, no statistically significant differences were found, however, patients were identified in whom prolactin and cortisol exceeded the reference values, although in the acute phase of COVID-19 the values of these indicators corresponded to the reference values.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Prolactina , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Progesterona , Hidrocortisona , Estradiol , Testosterona , Deshidroepiandrosterona

RESUMEN

We analyzed the blood concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the ovarian vein basin area in women of the reproductive age with primary pelvic varices. Increase in the disease severity was accompanied by a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and the proinflammatory index (IL-6/IL-10), whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine production changed ambiguously (increase of IL-4 at stage I, decrease of IL-10 at stage II, significant decrease of IL-4 and IL-10 at stage III). Control of these changes in female patients should probably be an important component of treatment measures and prevention of morphofunctional disorders occurring at disease progression, in particular at stage III of the disease.

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Várices , Humanos , Femenino , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-4 , Interleucina-6/genética , Antiinflamatorios

RESUMEN

The review was written based on the analysis of available publications (Pubmed, other Internet resources) on the problem of off-label use of drugs. It reveals the concept of off-label prescribing and discusses modern approaches to the use of off-label drugs in domestic psychiatric and addiction practice. The problems of normative substantiation of prescribing off-label drugs are discussed. It has been established that, despite some progress in this matter, for patients in adult psychiatric practice, the use of off-label therapy is carried out only by decision of the medical commission. The issue of substantiating the prescription of off-label drugs on the basis of scientific and clinical studies and experience in the use of drugs at the legislative level remains relevant.

Asunto(s)

Uso Fuera de lo Indicado , Psicotrópicos , Adulto , Humanos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Prescripciones

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dynamics of suicidal behavior in Russian adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of suicidal behavior was carried out to study mortality rates caused by completed suicides and to find out the prevalence of intentional self-harm (ISH), suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Mortality data were obtained from the Database of demographic indicators for Russian regions over a period of 2015-2021. Data on the prevalence of ISH, SI, and SA were obtained from an anonymous survey of adolescents, using a questionnaire developed for Eurasian Child Mental Health Study (EACMHS) group (block «suicidality¼). An anonymous survey of adolescents, aged 11-18 years, was carried out twice: in 2015-2021 (n=1723, 46.6% males, mean age 14.7±1.3 years) and November 2020 - July 2021 (n=1011, 47.1% males, mean age 15.3±1.4). RESULTS: In 2021, the mortality rate from completed suicides increased among younger adolescents (10-14 years old) from 0.1 to 1.4 per 100 000 individuals, among older adolescents (15-19 years old) from 0.7 to 6.1 per 100 000 individuals compared to 2019. The highest rise in mortality was observed in girls aged 10-14 (from 0.1 to 1.6 per 100 000). The prevalence for various types of suicidal behavior increased in adolescents aged 11-14 years, especially among girls, with the SI frequency increasing by 63% (p<0.05), SA - by 15.4%, suicidal ISH - by 23.7%. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the suicidal behavior of adolescents with the need for preventive measures for specialists.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Ideación Suicida , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Intento de Suicidio , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the activity of the telomerase complex in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In accordance with the objectives of the stages of the study of telomers-telomerase relationships, we maintained the unified design of the study described earlier. The main group 1 (MG1), n=35, consisted of men, aged 53.4 [45.5-60.1] years with characteristic complaints indicating of OSA. The main group 2 (MG2) included the same patients before and after 6 months of CPAP therapy. Blood sampling was performed after the first diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) and after 6 months of CPAP in the morning after the second PSG. The control group (CG) consisted of 26 men, comparable in age and the presence of chronic diseases. Questionnaire, PSG and blood sampling were conducted in CG as well. All participants signed an informed consent. RESULTS: As a result of the STOP-BANG questionnaire conducted before PSG, all patients in the MG1 had scores from 5 to 8. The scores on the Epworth scale were more than 5 points. In the MG2 apnea-hypopnea index decreased from 20.1 to 6.4 ev/hour, the desaturation index decreased from 15.6 to 7.1 ev/hour after 6 months of CPAP. Statistically significant differences in changes in the activity of the telomerase complex were revealed, which after treatment significantly exceed the values of these indicators before treatment. So, telomerase reverse transcriptase value was 0.04 (0.009; 0.06) in the MG1, after treatment it was 0.07 (0.06; 0.09) in the MG2 and 0.134 (0.009; 0.18) in the CG. Telomerase RNA subunit TER1 values were 0.06 (0.03; 0.09), 0.07 (0.05; 0.09) and 0.136 (0.04; 0.17), respectively. However, despite the activation of the telomerase complex during CPAP therapy in patients with OSA, in the CG its activity is significantly higher in comparison with the MG1 and MG2. CONCLUSION: In OSA accompanied by intermittent hypoxia, a decrease in the activity of the telomerase complex was shown. Elimination of nocturnal hypoxia and improvement of breathing during sleep is accompanied by an increase in the activity of the components of the telomerase complex.

Asunto(s)

Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Telomerasa , Humanos , Masculino , Hipoxia/sangre , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Hipoxia/terapia , Sueño/fisiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/sangre , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/terapia , Telomerasa/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía , Respiración

RESUMEN

There is practically no information on the state of oxidative stress reactions in newborns with coronavirus infections. At the same time, such studies are extremely important and can contribute to better understanding of the process of reactivity in patients of different ages. The content of pro- and antioxidant status indicators was assessed in 44 newborns with confirmed COVID-19. It was found that the content of compounds with unsaturated double bonds, primary, secondary, and final LPO products were elevated in newborns with COVID-19. These changes were accompanied by higher SOD activity and retinol level and reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase. Contrary to popular opinion, newborns can be a COVID-19-susceptible age group and require more close monitoring of metabolic reactions during the period of neonatal adaptation that is an aggravating background during infection.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , COVID-19 , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Oxidación-Reducción , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Glutatión/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The lymphatic drainage system of the brain (LDSB) is the removal of metabolites and wastes from its tissues. A dysfunction of LDSB is an important sign of aging, brain oncology, the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The development of new strategies for diagnosis of LDSB injuries can improve prevention of age-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. There are two conditions, such as deep sleep and opening of the blood-brain-barrier (OBBB) associated with the LDSB activation. A promising candidate for measurement of LDSB could be electroencephalography (EEG). In this pilot study on rats, we tested the hypothesis, whether deep sleep and OBBB can be an informative platform for an effective extracting of information about the LDSB functions. Using the nonlinear analysis of EEG dynamics and machine learning technology, we discovered that the LDSB activation during OBBB and sleep is associated with similar changes in the EEG θ-activity. The OBBB causes the higher LDSB activation vs. sleep that is accompanied by specific changes in the low frequency EEG activity extracted by the power spectra analysis of the EEG dynamics combined with the coherence function. Thus, our findings demonstrate a link between neural activity associated with the LDSB activation during sleep and OBBB that is an important informative platform for extraction of the EEG-biomarkers of the LDSB activity. These results open new perspectives for the development of technology for the LDSB diagnostics that would open a novel era in the prognosis of brain diseases caused by the LDSB disorders, including OBBB.

RESUMEN

The study involved 138 women aged 45-60 years in perimenopause (n=55) and postmenopause (n=83) with insomnia (main groups) and without it (control). The levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity were determined in erythrocytes; activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were measured in blood serum. The differences with the control groups were found only in perimenopause: higher glutathione reductase activity and reduced GSSG level and GSH/GSSG ratio in women with insomnia (p<0.05). The results of the comparative analysis between the main groups showed lower glutathione reductase activity, increased GSSG level, and a decrease the GSH/GSSG ratio in the postmenopausal period compared with the perimenopause (p<0.05). These results can be used in choosing the tactics for complex therapy of insomnia in menopausal women to correct free radical homeostasis and prevention of oxidative stress.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Femenino , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Disulfuro de Glutatión , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Menopausia