RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Actualmente, existen pocos datos sobre la influencia a largo plazo del polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) en la integridad de los cuerpos vertebrales tras la vertebroplastia percutánea (VP). Resulta de interés investigar la posible relación entre esta técnica y la aparición con el tiempo de fenómenos de osteólisis o la fragmentación del cemento en las vértebras intervenidas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar si, a largo plazo, existe una pérdida de efectividad y/o seguridad de la VP con PMMA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron radiografías de pacientes intervenidos correspondientes al post-operatorio inmediato y al estudio radiológico más reciente (VP hace más de 15 años). Con ambos estudios radiológicos, describimos: la altura del cuerpo vertebral, la angulación de platillos y la presencia de osteólisis alrededor del cemento en el tiempo. RESULTADOS: Un total de 7 pacientes intervenidos mediante VP con PMMA hace 15 o más años accedieron a realizarse una nueva radiografía en nuestro Centro. Tras el análisis de sus imágenes post-operatorias (inmediatas y a 15 ó más años de la cirugía), no se observó en ninguna de las vértebras intervenidas pérdida de altura del cuerpo vertebral cementado, diferencias de angulación en los platillos, presencia de osteólisis alrededor del cemento o fragmentación del PMMA inyectado. CONCLUSIÓN: El PMMA inyectado en el cuerpo vertebral mantiene una situación estable en el tiempo (más de 15 años). No se observan cambios en la interfaz hueso-PMMA, osteólisis y/o cambios en la altura de los cuerpos vertebrales en los casos analizados
OBJETIVE: Currently, there are limited data on the long-term influence of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on the integrity of vertebral bodies after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Interesting investigation is being carried out into the possible relationship between this technique and the appearance over time of osteolytic phenomena or cement fragmentation in the intervened vertebrae. The objective of our study was to investigate whether there is a loss of effectiveness and/or safety of PVP with PMMA in the long term. MATERIAL AND METHOD: X-rays were analyzed of intervened patients corresponding to the immediate post-operative and the most recent radiological study (PVP more than 15 years previous). With both radiological studies, we describe: the height of the vertebral body, the angulation of lamellar plates and osteolytic presence around the cement over time. RESULTS: A total of 7 patients operated by PVP with PMMA 15 or more years earlier agreed to have a new radiograph in our center. After the analysis of their post-operative images (immediate and 15 or more years after surgery), no loss of height of the cemented vertebral body, differences in angulation in the lamellar plates, presence of osteolysis around the vertebrae was observed in any of the involved vertebrae cement or fragmentation of the injected PMMA. CONCLUSIONS: PMMA injected into the vertebral body remains stable over time (more than 15 years). There are no changes in the bone-PMMA interface, osteolysis and/or changes in the height of the vertebral bodies in the cases analyzed
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Polimetil Metacrilato/administración & dosificación , Vertebroplastia/métodos , Osteólisis , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/cirugía , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios de Seguimiento , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Mieloma Múltiple/epidemiología , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunología , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Blefaroptosis/diagnóstico , Blefaroptosis/terapia , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Biopsia/instrumentación , Biopsia/métodos , BiopsiaAsunto(s)
Blefaroptosis/etiología , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Anciano , Blefaroptosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Blefaroptosis/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de PositronesRESUMEN
No disponible
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Encefalitis Límbica , Polineuropatía Paraneoplásica , Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodosAsunto(s)
Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Adulto , Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/etiología , Autoanticuerpos/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Humanos , Encefalitis Límbica/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/inmunologíaRESUMEN
La obesidad se ha convertido en una pandemia a nivel mundial, 2,8 millones de personas mueren cada año como resultado de padecer sobrepeso u obesidad, según ha declarado la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Dentro del marco de las estrategias para combatir la obesidad, encontramos diferentes propuestas dietéticas y de actividad física. En el marco de las dietas muy bajas en calorías (VLCD), encontramos la dieta proteinada, una variedad de dieta cetogénica (KD) con un aporte mínimo de grasas, de acuerdo a las indicaciones del grupo de consenso y cooperación de los estados miembros en materia de examen científico sobre cuestiones relacionadas con los alimentos (SCOOP) para la aplicación de una dieta muy baja en calorías. El objetivo de esta revisión científica es recopilar las evidencias científicas que valoren la efectividad, seguridad y mantenimiento a largo plazo de los efectos de las VLCD, y en concreto de la dieta proteinada, aplicada en el marco de un método multidisciplinar como el método Pronokal®, sobre el sobrepeso y la obesidad y su relación con el ejercicio físico (AU)
Obesity has become a global pandemic, 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). There are different approaches in the field of nutrition and physical activity to combat obesity. In the context of very low calorie diets (VLCD), we found the protein diet, a variety of ketogenic diet (KD) with a low fat content, according to the guidelines made by the commission and co-operation by the member states in the scientific examination of questions related to food (SCOOP) for the application of a very low calorie diet. The aim of this review is to provide scientific evidence to assess the effectiveness, safety and long-term maintenance of the effects of VLCD, and specifically protein diet, applied in the context of a multidisciplinary approach as the method Pronokal®, on overweight and obesity and its relationship with exercise (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Dieta Cetogénica/métodos , Dieta Cetogénica , Dietoterapia/instrumentación , Dietoterapia/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Terapia por Ejercicio/organización & administración , Terapia por Ejercicio/estadística & datos numéricos , Terapia por Ejercicio/tendencias , Esfuerzo Físico , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Wide-neck intracranial aneurysms remain a challenge to endovascular treatment. We describe our experience in repairing wide-neck aneurysms of the anterior circulation located at arterial branch points using coil embolization assisted by Y-stenting using two Solitaire(®) stents.Six wide-neck intracranial aneurysms located on the middle cerebral artery bifurcation( 3), pericallosal artery( 1), and anterior communicating artery( 2) were repaired by Y-stent-assisted coil embolization using two Solitaire(®) stents. Four cases were incidental findings of aneurysm and two cases were previously treated ruptured aneurysms that had undergone recanalization. All the cases were successfully treated without complications. Follow-up by digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography at six months showed the stents to be patent with no recanalization of the aneurysm sacs. Repairing wide-neck aneurysms of the anterior circulation by Y-stent-assisted coil embolization using two Solitaire(®) stents is a simple and safe method of treating complex aneurysms. While the results are promising, larger series with longer term follow-ups are needed to corroborate that this treatment method is superior to other techniques.
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Embolización Terapéutica/instrumentación , Aneurisma Intracraneal/terapia , Stents , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía Intervencional , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Training and information for university nursing students about the organ donation and transplantation process is necessary because it will influence their attitudes toward the subject. We analyzed attitudes toward organ donation among nursing students in a donation and transplantation training course and any changes in opinions as a result of the course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We questioned 48 students in the third year of nursing (University of Murcia, Spain) who were attending a 32-hour training course about donation and transplantation. We used a descriptive concurrent study, through the completion of a validated opinion survey with 27 items before and after the training course. RESULTS: Attitudes toward donation were favorable in 87% of respondents increasing to 94% after course completion. Before starting the course, 87% believed that there were not enough transplantable organs available to cover needs compared to 96% after the course. Before the course, 46% stated that they did not have complete information about the subject. Taking part in the course has encouraged family discussion about the subject (85% to 90%) and improved knowledge about family opinions (64% to 83%; P = .031). Attitudes toward living donation did not change after the course. However, there was an improvement in knowledge of the Spanish organ distribution system. CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes toward organ donation among third-year nursing students were favorable, and increased after undergoing a course about donation and transplantation. The most important part of the course was the increase in theoretical knowledge about the matter as well as the health education.
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Concienciación , Educación en Enfermería , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Trasplante/psicología , Actitud Frente a la Muerte , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Cadáver , Curriculum , Política de Salud , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Política Pública , España , Donantes de Tejidos , Obtención de Tejidos y ÓrganosRESUMEN
We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of celiac sprue and no clinical or histological response to gluten withdrawal. The patient presented a history of longstanding recurrent watery diarrhea and was found to have collagenous colitis after further investigation of her diarrhea. Immunological study was incompatible with celiac disease and no other cause of villous atrophy was found. We suggest that this patient may have a separate disease entity unrelated to celiac sprue and consisting of a pan-intestinal inflammatory disorder characterized by the combination of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the small and lower bowel together with a subepithelial collagenous band in the colon.
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Colágeno/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Duodeno/patología , Enterocolitis/patología , Atrofia , Colon/metabolismo , Colonoscopía , Diarrea/etiología , Diarrea/terapia , Duodenoscopía , Duodeno/metabolismo , Enterocolitis/metabolismo , Enterocolitis/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) localizations in peripheral human tissues were compared by immunohistochemistry. The primary antibodies used were mouse monoclonal anti-human MAO-A (6G11/E1) and anti-human MAO-B (3F12/G10/2E3) and a rabbit polyclonal anti-bovine SSAO antibody. Immunoreactivities of the samples, obtained from 6 routine autopsy cases, showed different distributions in the tissues studied (heart, lung, duodenum, liver, pancreas, spleen, thyroid gland, adrenal gland and kidney). The relative MAO-A, MAO-B and SSAO distributions indicated a widespread distribution of these enzymes in the human body that is characterized by a matching cellular pattern in only few tissues. These differences suggest that each amine oxidase may play a specific function in, at least some, peripheral tissues.
RESUMEN
We studied the localization of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in human heart, liver, duodenum, blood vessels and kidney by immunohistochemistry. The primary antibodies used were mouse monoclonal anti-human MAO-A (6G11/E1) and anti-human MAO-B (3F12/G10/2E3). Samples were obtained from six routine autopsy cases and fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde. All cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes showed MAO-A and MAO-B immunoreactivity. In the duodenum, both immunoreactivities were present in all cells of the villi, Lieberkühn crypts, muscularis mucosae and muscular layers, whereas Brunner glands were devoid of MAO-A and MAO-B staining. Endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels showed MAO-A but no MAO-B immunoreactivity, whereas arteries and veins presented MAO-A and MAO-B staining in muscular layers and fibroblasts but not in endothelial cells. In the kidney, renal tubuli showed MAO-A and MAO-B immunoreactivities, whereas collecting ducts and the Bowman's capsule showed only MAO-A staining. These data represent the first study of the cellular distribution of MAO-A and MAO-B in these human tissues. They show that both enzymes have a widespread distribution in the human body with a matching pattern in many, but not all tissues, and with strong differences from the pattern of distribution in rodents.
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Monoaminooxidasa/análisis , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Vasos Sanguíneos/citología , Vasos Sanguíneos/enzimología , Duodeno/citología , Duodeno/enzimología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Riñón/citología , Riñón/enzimología , Hígado/citología , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monoaminooxidasa/inmunología , Miocardio/citología , Miocardio/enzimología , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
In order to better delineate the intracellular signaling pathways underlying glial apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression and release, we have characterized an in vitro model of induction of glial apoE production induced by neuronal death. Exposure of mixed fetal cortical neuron/glia co-cultures to the neurotoxin N-methyl-D-aspartate results in increased apoE expression and release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increased expression of apoE messenger RNA precedes the increase in intracellular apoE, followed by accumulation of the holoprotein in the culture medium. Neuronal injury induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate is accompanied by a reactive astrogliosis as measured by an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein messenger RNA and protein at 48 and 72h post-lesion, respectively. A similar microgliosis was observed using the microglial marker ED-1. Neuronal injury-induced glial apoE secretion is attenuated by the nuclear factor kappaB inhibitors, aspirin, Bay 11-7082 and MG-132, suggesting that this transcription factor is involved in both constitutive and induced glial apoE expression. The present data show that up-regulation of apoE is an early event in the glial activation triggered by neurodegeneration in vitro and that activation of nuclear factor kappaB directly or indirectly mediates the increase in apoE expression.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Degeneración Nerviosa/metabolismo , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Animales , Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Anticuerpos/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/fisiología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Embrión de Mamíferos , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Modelos Animales , N-Metilaspartato/farmacología , FN-kappa B/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/farmacología , Degeneración Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Neuroglía/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sinaptofisina/efectos de los fármacos , Sinaptofisina/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
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Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal , Neoplasias PulmonaresRESUMEN
Age-related changes of MAO-A and -B were studied in human and BL/C57 mouse brain areas (substantia nigra, putamen and cerebellum). [3H]Ro41-1049 and [3H]lazabemide were used as selective radioligands to image and quantify MAO-A and MAO-B respectively by enzyme autoradiography. MAO-A binding was higher in mouse, whereas MAO-B binding was higher in human. With aging, mouse MAO-A was significantly reduced between 4 and 8 weeks and remained unchanged until 19 months followed by a slight increase between 19 and 25 months. In contrast, no clear variation was observed in humans between the age of 17-93 years. In most of the structures studied a clear age-related increase in MAO-B was observed beginning in mouse brain at 4 weeks, whereas in human tissue this increase started at the age of 50-60 years. These results show marked differences in the levels and variations of mouse and human MAO-A and -B associated with aging and should be taken into account when extrapolating experimental data from mouse to human.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Monoaminooxidasa/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Histological analyses were performed on the brains of APP(V717F) transgenic (Tg)mice previously studied in a battery of behavioral tests. We describe here the regional and age-dependent deposition of amyloid in both heterozygous and homozygous Tg mice. We also report that Tg mice show significant and age-dependent changes in synaptic density measured by synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Surprisingly, a rather marked hippocampal atrophy is observed as early as 3 months of age in Tg mice (20-40%). Statistical analyses revealed that the deficits in object recognition memory are related to the number of amyloid deposits in specific brain regions, whereas deficits in spatial reference and working memory are related to the changes in synaptic density and hippocampal atrophy. Our study suggests that the behavioral deficits observed in Tg mice are only in part related to amyloid deposition, but are also related to neuroanatomical alterations secondary to overexpression of the APP(V717F) transgene and independent of amyloid deposition.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Encéfalo/patología , Factores de Edad , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/análisis , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunohistoquímica , Trastornos de la Memoria/patología , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Sinaptofisina/análisisRESUMEN
The transcription factor PU.1 has a pivotal role in both the generation and function of macrophages. To determine whether PU.1 is also involved in microglial regulation, we investigated its expression following hypoxic-ischemia (HI) brain injury and in the BV-2 microglial cell line. We found that microglia constitutively expressed high levels of PU.1 protein in both their 'resting' and 'activated' states.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Microglía/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/biosíntesis , Transactivadores/biosíntesis , Animales , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
In human brain, nonartherosclerotic calcification is associated with normal aging and several pathological conditions without any clear significance. In all situations, calcification appears predominantly in the basal ganglia, but is also frequent in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. alpha-Amino-(3-hydroxi-5-methyl-4-isoxazol-4-il)-propionic acid-induced lesion of the globus pallidus is associated in rats with the formation of calcium deposits similar to those observed in the human brain. To determine whether direct neuronal activation may induce calcification, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) was microinjected in rat hippocampus, globus pallidus, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Two months later, neuronal death was associated with calcium deposits that were characterized in terms of distribution and size. A unique population of deposits was present in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, whereas in the globus pallidus two main groups could be differentiated. Calcification was always associated with a significant microglial reaction as shown by the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor autoradiography. Monoamine oxidase B autoradiography, reflecting the astroglial reaction, was also significantly increased. Our results provide evidence that acute NMDA neuronal activation leads with time to calcification associated with a glial reaction and indicate that nonartherosclerotic calcification in the human brain may develop from an acute NMDA receptor activation. A key role of the metabotropic mGluR1 receptor is also suggested.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Basales/efectos de los fármacos , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/toxicidad , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , N-Metilaspartato/toxicidad , Corteza Prefrontal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Autorradiografía , Ganglios Basales/patología , Calcinosis/patología , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/administración & dosificación , Globo Pálido/efectos de los fármacos , Globo Pálido/patología , Hipocampo/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Microinyecciones , Monoaminooxidasa/análisis , N-Metilaspartato/administración & dosificación , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/patología , Especificidad de Órganos , Corteza Prefrontal/patología , Células Piramidales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Piramidales/metabolismo , Células Piramidales/patología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de GABA-A/análisis , Ácido alfa-Amino-3-hidroxi-5-metil-4-isoxazol Propiónico/toxicidadRESUMEN
We studied monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B localization in human pancreas, thyroid gland, and adrenal gland by immunohistochemistry. The primary antibodies used were mouse monoclonal anti-human MAO-A (6G11/E1) and anti-human MAO-B (3F12/G10/2E3). Samples were obtained from six routine autopsy cases and fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde. Exocrine pancreas showed a widespread distribution of MAO-A, whereas MAO-B was present only in centroacinar cells and epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts. In endocrine pancreas, MAO-A was observed in around 50% of islet cells, whereas MAO-B was less abundant and was restricted to the periphery of islets. Thyroid gland showed strong MAO-A immunoreactivity in all cell types and was MAO-B-negative. In adrenal gland, the capsule displayed MAO-A but not MAO-B immunoreactivity, whereas the cortex showed widespread MAO-A staining but was MAO-B-negative in interstitial cells. Finally, in the medulla only a few scattered cells showed either MAO-A or MAO-B immunoreactivity. To our knowledge, these data represent the first study of the cellular distribution of MAO-A and MAO-B in the three human tissues included.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Suprarrenales/enzimología , Monoaminooxidasa/aislamiento & purificación , Páncreas/enzimología , Glándula Tiroides/enzimología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Islotes Pancreáticos/enzimología , Isoenzimas/inmunología , Isoenzimas/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monoaminooxidasa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Localisation of MAO-A and -B in human lung and spleen was studied by immunohistochemistry. The primary antibodies used were mouse monoclonal anti-human MAO-A (6G11/E1) and anti-human MAO-B (3F12/G10/2E3). Samples of lung and spleen were obtained from 6 routine autopsy cases. Both immunoreactivities showed a homogeneous distribution in lung, where all cell types had both MAO-A and -B staining. In spleen MAO-A and -B showed a very weak immunoreactivity, which was restricted to smooth muscle cells and reticular cells of the white pulp. These data represent the most comprehensive study of MAO-A and -B localisation in the two tissues.