RESUMEN
Chitosan (CS), possess enormous properties, being biodegradable, biocompatible, and antimicrobial. CS could be formulated and casted into different forms including 2D films, hydrogels, and nanoparticles. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) showed countless interest as polymeric drug delivery system (DDS) with its improved bioavailability, and stability when compared with traditional DDS. Ciprofloxacin is a prescribed antibiotic for many diseases, but its efficiency was affected by antibacterial resistance. Therefore, in this study, CSNPs loaded with ciprofloxacin (Cipro/CSNPs) were prepared from CS isolated from desert locusts, beetles, honey bee exoskeletons, and shrimp shells were used as a standard control. CSNPs were formulated by ionic crosslinking method, then loaded with ciprofloxacin HCl, and characterized using particle size distribution, zeta potential, and drug entrapment efficiency. The release of ciprofloxacin from CSNPs was evaluated and its kinetic modelling was performed. Antibacterial activity of CSNPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined and compared between chitosan sources. The Cipro/CSNPs results indicate that the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli and MRSA with MIC varying from 0.0043 to 0.01⯵g/ml and from 0.07 to 0.14⯵g/ml, respectively. In addition, CSNPs enhanced drug delivery, and allowed its controlled release.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Insectos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Acetilación , Animales , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Difusión , Liberación de Fármacos , Cinética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tamaño de la Partícula , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Electricidad Estática , Factores de Tiempo , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nano-PCR is a recent tool that is used in viral diseases diagnosis. The technique depends on the fundamental effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and is considered a very effective and sensitive tool in the diagnosis of different diseases including viral diseases. Although several techniques are currently available to diagnose foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), a highly sensitive, highly specific technique is needed for specific diagnosis of the disease. In the present work, a novel AuNPs biosensor has been designed using thiol-linked oligonucleotides that recognize the conserved 3D gene of FMDV. RESULTS: The AuNPs-FMDV biosensor specifically recognizes RNA standards of FMDV, but not that of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) isolates. The analytical sensitivity of the AuNPs-FMDV biosensor was 10 copy number RNA standards in RT-PCR and 1 copy number RNA standard in real-time rRT-PCR with a 94.5% efficiency, 0.989 R2, a - 3.544 slope and 100% specificity (no cross-reactivity with SVDV). These findings were confirmed by the specific and sensitive recognition of 31 Egyptian FMDV clinical isolates that represents the three FMDV serotypes (O, A, and SAT2). CONCLUSIONS: The AuNPs-FMDV biosensor presents in this study demonstrates a superior analytical and clinical performance for FMDV diagnosis. In addition, this biosensor has a simple workflow and accelerates epidemiological surveillance, hence, it is qualified as an efficient FMDV diagnosis tool for quarantine stations and farms particularly in FMDV endemic areas.