RESUMEN

AIMS: To validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale for use in Spanish population, and to examine the psychometric properties of this scale in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single university hospital in Spain. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at least 1 year before inclusion, being treated with anti-diabetic medication were included. Intervention: We used the Spanish version of the scale to measure treatment adherence. Principal measurements: three level categorical scale is broken down into low adherence (score of < 6), medium adherence (score of 6 to < 8) and high adherence (score of 8). To validate the questionnaire, we measured internal consistency through Cronbach's α, confirmed construct validity through an exploratory principal component analysis and assessed test-retest reliability. RESULTS: 232 patients met the inclusion criteria. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.40 (95% CI 0.28-0.52). The exploratory principal component analysis showed three components. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.718 (95% CI 0.564-0.823). CONCLUSIONS: the Spanish version of the Morisky Medication Adherence scale showed low internal consistency, the exploratory factor analysis identified three dimensions, and the test-retest reliability was acceptable, therefore, psychometric properties of MMAS-8 are not suitable for measuring medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Spain

OBJETIVO: Validar la herramienta de adherencia terapéutica de Morisky tras una adaptación cultural y lingüística para su uso en la población española, y examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España. DISEÑO: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital universitario en España. PARTICIPANTES: Se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticados de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 al menos un año antes del estudio y tratados con antidiabéticos orales. Intervención: Se utilizó la versión traducida de la escala para medir la adherencia al tratamiento. Mediciones principales: Nivel de adherencia categorizado a través de 3 escalas, baja (< 6 puntos), media (6 a < 8 puntos) o alta (8 puntos). La consistencia interna del cuestionario se evaluó a través del coeficiente α de Cronbach, y se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los componentes principales para confirmar la validez del constructo, y se evaluó la fiabilidad a través del test-retest. RESULTADOS: Doscientos treinta y dos pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El coeficiente α de Cronbach era 0,40 (IC 95%: 0,28-0,52). El análisis exploratorio mostró 3 componentes principales. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase era de 0,718 (IC 95%: 0,564-0,823). CONCLUSIONES: La versión adaptada de la escala de adherencia terapéutica de Morisky mostró una consistencia interna baja, el análisis factorial exploratorio identificó 3 dimensiones y la fiabilidad test-retest fue aceptable, por lo tanto, las propiedades psicométricas de MMAS-8 no son adecuadas para medir la adherencia a la medicación en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIMS: To validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale for use in Spanish population, and to examine the psychometric properties of this scale in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single university hospital in Spain. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at least 1 year before inclusion, being treated with anti-diabetic medication were included. INTERVENTION: We used the Spanish version of the scale to measure treatment adherence. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: three level categorical scale is broken down into low adherence (score of <6), medium adherence (score of 6 to <8) and high adherence (score of 8). To validate the questionnaire, we measured internal consistency through Cronbach's α, confirmed construct validity through an exploratory principal component analysis and assessed test-retest reliability. RESULTS: 232 patients met the inclusion criteria. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.40 (95% CI 0.28-0.52). The exploratory principal component analysis showed three components. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.718 (95% CI 0.564-0.823). CONCLUSIONS: the Spanish version of the Morisky Medication Adherence scale showed low internal consistency, the exploratory factor analysis identified three dimensions, and the test-retest reliability was acceptable, therefore, psychometric properties of MMAS-8 are not suitable for measuring medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Spain.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Methyl parathion (MP) is one of the most neurotoxic pesticides. An inexpensive and reliable one-step degradation method of MP was achieved through an aqueous suspension of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Three different NPs sizes (16, 29 and 45 nm), determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were synthesized using a modified Benedict's reagent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that the hydrolytic degradation of MP leads to the formation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh) as the main product. While the P=S bond of MP becomes P=O, confirmed by 31P NMR. Although Cu2O is a widely known photocatalyst, the degradation of methyl parathion was associated to the surface basicity of Cu2O NPs. Indirect evidence for the basicity of Cu2O NPs was achieved through UV-vis absorption of 4-NPh. Likewise, it was shown that the surface basicity increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. The presence of CuCO3 on the surface of Cu2O, identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), passivates its surface and consequently diminishes the degradation of MP.

RESUMEN

Several new examples of meso-(het)arylBODIPY were prepared via the Liebeskind-Srogl (L-S) cross-coupling reaction of the Biellmann BODIPYs (1a,b) and aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids in good to excellent yield. It was shown that this reaction could be carried out under microwave heating to shorten reaction times and/or increase the yield. It was illustrated that organostannanes also participate in the L-S reaction to give the corresponding BODIPY analogues in short reaction times and also with good to excellent yields. We analyze the role of the substituent at the sensitive meso position in the photophysical signatures of these compounds. In particular, the rotational motion of the aryl ring and the electron donor ability of the anchored moieties rule the nonradiative pathways and, hence, have a deep impact in the fluorescence efficiency.

RESUMEN

We report herein spectroscopy and computational results that illustrate an efficient intramolecular deactivation pathway for meso-unsaturated boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes in their singlet excited state. Our results show that the mechanism hinges on the structural flexibility imparted by the boron atom and on the energetic stabilization conferred by extending the conjugation into the meso substituent, which is otherwise unconjugated in the ground state. Following photoexcitation, rotation along the dihedral angle of the meso-unsaturated group results in its conjugation at the expense of shifting one pyrrole moiety in dipyrrin out of the plane. Internal conversion to an energetically hot, ground-state species efficiently competes with emission. The mechanism applies to meso-vinyl, -formyl, and -iminyl moieties. The presence of methyl groups at positions C1 and C7 exacerbates the energetic penalty toward conjugation of the meso groups leading to a small energy gap between relaxed excited state and ground state and undetected emission quantum yields. Importantly, methyls at C1 and C7 prevent nonradiative deactivation in meso-aryl moieties, illustrating that when push comes to shove, the energetic (kinetic) barrier toward reaching conjugation is too large for aryl moieties but low enough for smaller groups to effectively compete with radiative transitions. Wisely chosen meso-unsaturated BODIPY dyes may serve as richly sensitive platforms for the preparation of novel fluorogenic substrates to monitor chemical reactions or to probe the rigidity of their surrounding environment.

RESUMEN

We demonstrate herein that both alcohols and phenols can be tagged with a BODIPY (borondipyrromethene) moiety to yield highly fluorescent products. Thus, 8-(methylthio)-BODIPY (1) undergoes an S(N)Ar-type reaction with a host of alcohols and phenols in the presence of a base and a Cu(I) additive. The BODIPY dyes bearing alkoxy or nonfunctionalized phenoxy moieties are characterized by a highly efficient fluorescence emission, regardless of the media, in the blue-green part of the visible region. Complementary to this, the presence of electron-donor groups at the aryl ring leads to an intramolecular charge-transfer process, which quenches the fluorescence mainly in polar media. In addition to simple alcohols and phenols, four natural products (eugenol, menthol, cholesterol, and estrone) were labeled in a simple fashion. X-ray structures of the cholesterol and estrone derivatives are discussed. In fact, the BODIPY bearing cholesterol stands out as a bright fluorescence biological marker.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Los gemelos siameses son individuos que se desarrollan unidos entre sí por alguna región de su anatomía, están conectados vascularmente y pueden compartir uno o varios órganos. Se presenta un caso de siameses bicéfalos, con el objetivo de describir los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, exponer aspectos relacionados con las posibles causas que los originaron, así como el diagnóstico prenatal de estos defectos congénitos(AU)

Conjoined twins are individuals who develop together by some region of his anatomy, vascularly connected and they can share one or more organs. We report a case of two-headed conjoined twins, with the aim of describing the pathologic findings, exposing aspects of possible causes of these accidents and prenatal diagnosis of these defects(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Los gemelos siameses son individuos que se desarrollan unidos entre sí por alguna región de su anatomía, están conectados vascularmente y pueden compartir uno o varios órganos. Se presenta un caso de siameses bicéfalos, con el objetivo de describir los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, exponer aspectos relacionados con las posibles causas que los originaron, así como el diagnóstico prenatal de estos defectos congénitos.

Conjoined twins are individuals who develop together by some region of his anatomy, vascularly connected and they can share one or more organs. We report a case of two-headed conjoined twins, with the aim of describing the pathologic findings, exposing aspects of possible causes of these accidents and prenatal diagnosis of these defects.

RESUMEN

La sirenomelia es una anomalía congénita extremadamente rara, se caracteriza por tener extremidades inferiores fusionadas o la presencia de un único y rudimentario miembro inferior. Se presenta un caso de sirenomelia, que se diagnosticó al nacer; con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y ultrasonográficas de esta anomalía congénita, se plantea como posible causa un fenómeno vascular disruptivo. El oligoamnios severo durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo constituye uno de los signos ultrasonográficos de sospecha para sirenomelia(AU)

The sirenomelia is a very uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of lower extremities or the presence of an only and rudimentary lower limb. This is the case of sirenomelia diagnosed at birth to describe the clinical, epidemiological, ultrasonographic features of this congenital anomaly considering that the possible cause if a disruptive vascular phenomenon. The severe oligohydramnios during the second trimester of pregnancy is one of the suspected ultrasonographic signs for the sirenomelia(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La sirenomelia es una anomalía congénita extremadamente rara, se caracteriza por tener extremidades inferiores fusionadas o la presencia de un único y rudimentario miembro inferior. Se presenta un caso de sirenomelia, que se diagnosticó al nacer; con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y ultrasonográficas de esta anomalía congénita, se plantea como posible causa un fenómeno vascular disruptivo. El oligoamnios severo durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo constituye uno de los signos ultrasonográficos de sospecha para sirenomelia

The sirenomelia is a very uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of lower extremities or the presence of an only and rudimentary lower limb. This is the case of sirenomelia diagnosed at birth to describe the clinical, epidemiological, ultrasonographic features of this congenital anomaly considering that the possible cause if a disruptive vascular phenomenon. The severe oligohydramnios during the second trimester of pregnancy is one of the suspected ultrasonographic signs for the sirenomelia

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 52 años de edad que acudió a la consulta de Ginecología por un aumento de volumen en el abdomen. Se le indicó ingreso, se estudió y se diagnosticó un tumor gigante de víscera ginecológica. Se decide tratamiento quirúrgico mediante laparatomía. Durante el acto quirúrgico se demuestra que la tumoración corresponde a la vejiga, por lo que se solicita la presencia de un urólogo. Continuamos la intervención y encontramos una tumoración grande, de base ancha, que ocupa la parte posterior y lateral izquierda de la vejiga, con áreas de necrosis de color blanquecino y consistencia algo blanda. Se cateteriza el meato ureteral derecho, el izquierdo no es visible y se realiza la exéresis del tumor. Se deja una sonda Foley No 20 por cistostomía y uretral, se cierra la vejiga en dos planos y se revisa la cavidad abdominal. Se encontraron útero y ovarios normales; colón, intestino e hígado normales. En el estudio histológico se demostró que la tumoración es un rabdomiosarcoma pleomórfico. Se siguió su evolución y se realizaron interconsultas con el servicio de oncología para el tratamiento posterior(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 52 años de edad que acudió a la consulta de Ginecología por un aumento de volumen en el abdomen. Se le indicó ingreso, se estudió y se diagnosticó un tumor gigante de víscera ginecológica. Se decide tratamiento quirúrgico mediante laparatomía. Durante el acto quirúrgico se demuestra que la tumoración corresponde a la vejiga, por lo que se solicita la presencia de un urólogo. Continuamos la intervención y encontramos una tumoración grande, de base ancha, que ocupa la parte posterior y lateral izquierda de la vejiga, con áreas de necrosis de color blanquecino y consistencia algo blanda. Se cateteriza el meato ureteral derecho, el izquierdo no es visible y se realiza la exéresis del tumor. Se deja una sonda Foley No. 20 por cistostomía y uretral, se cierra la vejiga en dos planos y se revisa la cavidad abdominal. Se encontraron útero y ovarios normales; colón, intestino e hígado normales. En el estudio histológico se demostró que la tumoración es un rabdomiosarcoma pleomórfico. Se siguió su evolución y se realizaron interconsultas con el servicio de oncología para el tratamiento posterior(AU)

The case of a 52-year-old female patient that was seen at the Gynecology office due to an increase of volume in the abdomen, is reported. She was admitted, studied and diagnosed a giant tumor of gynecological viscus. It was decided to perform laparotomy. During surgery, it was observed that the tumor corresponded to the urinary bladder, so an urologist was requested. The operation continued and a big tumor of wide base was found that occupied the posterior and lateral left part of the urinary bladder, with necrosis areas of whitish color and a little soft consistency. The right ureteral meatus was catheterized, the left was not visible, and exeresis of the tumor was performed. A Foley catheter no. 20 was left by cystotomy. The urinary bladder was closed in 2 planes, and the abdominal cavity was checked. Normal uterus, ovaries, colon, intestine and liver were found. In the histological study, it was proved that the tumor was a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Its evolution was followed and interconsultations were made with the oncology service for further treatment(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetico: Comparar las características morfológicas, de número y de dimensión, de la dentición permanente de sujetos negros y mestizos de dos comunidades colombianas. Método: La muestra para el grupo mestizo consistió en 70 individuos habitantes del corregimiento Potrerito, Valle del Cauca. El muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico. Las características de inclusión fueron: dentición permanente con un representante de cada diente como mínimo. Las características de exclusión fueron: presencia de facetas de desgaste, dientes con obturacioens o restauraciones extensas y generalizadas y pérdida bilateral de dientes por caries, enfermedad periodontal o trauma. Se usaron modelos de yeso con un compás de dos puntas de alta precisión y un dentímetro. Hallazgos: Las variaciones más importantes fueron la mayor dimensión en general de los dientes de la población negra respecto de la mestiza, la presencia de cíngulo tipo II en incisivos de la comnidad negra y del tipo I en la mestiza, y la presencia de los tipos Bi y tricuspídeos en segundos premolares inferiores de la comunidad negra y sólo el bicuspídeo en la mestiza

Asunto(s)