RESUMEN
La desensibilización es un método empleado en trasplante renal para tratar de trasplantar a pacientes que presentan una prueba cruzada positiva frente a su donante. El objetivo del estudio es mostrar los resultados de nuestro hospital en pacientes trasplantados renales con donantes vivos HLA incompatibles, tras un protocolo de desensibilización. Estudiamos a 32 pacientes de 46±14 años que presentaban una intensidad media de fluorescencia (MFI) frente a HLA de clase I de 7.979±4.089 y de 6.825±4.182 para MFI frente a clase II y relative intensity scale(RIS) de 8,9±7,6. La prueba cruzada fue positiva por citotoxicidad dependiente del complemento (CDC) en 18 pacientes, citometría de flujo (CF) en 7 y anticuerpos donante específicos (ADE) en 7. El protocolo empleado fue: rituximab, plasmaféresis/inmunoadsorción, inmunoglobulinas, tacrolimus, derivados ácido micofenólico y prednisona. Tras 8±3 sesiones de plasmaféresis/inmunoadsorción se trasplantó a 23 pacientes (71,9%) y resultó ineficaz en 9. Existían diferencias basales en MFI clase I (p<0,001), RIS (p=0,008) y cross-match por CDC, ADE o CF (p=0,05). El MFI de clase I y el RIS resultaron predictores de eficacia en curvas COR. Tras un seguimiento de 43±30 meses, 13 pacientes (56%) presentaron sangrado postoperatorio, 3 (13%) función retrasada injerto, 4 (17,4%) rechazo agudo, 6 (26%) viremia CMV y uno (4%) viremia BK. Al 5.° año, la supervivencia del paciente fue del 90% y la supervivencia renal del 86%. En ese mismo año, la creatinina fue de 1,5±0,4 y la proteinuria de 0,5±0,7. Conclusiones: El trasplante renal de donante vivo HLA incompatible tras la desensibilización fue posible en el 71,9% de los pacientes. MFI de clase I y RIS predicen ineficacia de la desensibilización. La supervivencia renal (86% al 5.° año) es aceptable con baja incidencia de rechazo agudo (17,4%), aunque con una mayor tendencia al sangrado postoperatorio (AU)
Desensitisation is a procedure undergone by the recipient of a kidney transplant from a donor who is cross-match positive. The aim of this study was to present the outcomes from our hospital of kidney transplant recipients from HLA-incompatible live donors after desensitisation. We studied 32 patients aged 46±14 years with a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) versus class I HLA of 7979±4089 and 6825±4182 MFI versus class II and relative intensity scale (RIS) of 8.9±7.6. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-matching test was positive in 18 patients, flow cytometry was positive in 7 patients and donor-specific antibodies (DEA) were detected in 7. The protocol used was rituximab, plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption, immunoglobulins, tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid derivatives and prednisone. After 8±3 sessions of plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption, 23 patients were trasplanted (71.9%) and desensitisation was ineffective in 9. There were baseline differences in MFI class I (P<.001), RIS (P=.008), and CDC cross-matching, DSA and flow cytometry (P=.05). MFI class I and RIS were predictors of inefficiency in ROC curves. After follow-up of 43±30 months, 13 patients (56%) presented postoperative bleeding, 3 (13%) delayed graft function, 4 (17.4%) acute rejection, 6 (26%) CMV viraemia and 1 (4%) BK viraemia. Five-year patient survival was 90%, with 86% allograft survival. Five-year creatinine was 1.5±0.4 and proteinuria was 0.5±0.7. Conclusions: Kidney transplantation from HLA-incompatible live donors after desensitisation was possible in 71.9% of patients. MFI class I and RIS predict the inefficiency of desensitisation. Five-year allograft survival (86%) was acceptable with a low incidence of acute rejection (17.4%), although with a greater trend towards postoperative bleeding (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Donadores Vivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pronóstico , Rituximab/uso terapéutico , Plasmaféresis/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodosRESUMEN
Desensitisation is a procedure undergone by the recipient of a kidney transplant from a donor who is cross-match positive. The aim of this study was to present the outcomes from our hospital of kidney transplant recipients from HLA-incompatible live donors after desensitisation. We studied 32 patients aged 46±14 years with a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) versus class I HLA of 7979±4089 and 6825±4182 MFI versus class II and relative intensity scale (RIS) of 8.9±7.6. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-matching test was positive in 18 patients, flow cytometry was positive in 7 patients and donor-specific antibodies (DEA) were detected in 7. The protocol used was rituximab, plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption, immunoglobulins, tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid derivatives and prednisone. After 8±3 sessions of plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption, 23 patients were trasplanted (71.9%) and desensitisation was ineffective in 9. There were baseline differences in MFI class I (P<.001), RIS (P=.008), and CDC cross-matching, DSA and flow cytometry (P=.05). MFI class I and RIS were predictors of inefficiency in ROC curves. After follow-up of 43±30 months, 13 patients (56%) presented postoperative bleeding, 3 (13%) delayed graft function, 4 (17.4%) acute rejection, 6 (26%) CMV viraemia and 1 (4%) BK viraemia. Five-year patient survival was 90%, with 86% allograft survival. Five-year creatinine was 1.5±0.4 and proteinuria was 0.5±0.7. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplantation from HLA-incompatible live donors after desensitisation was possible in 71.9% of patients. MFI class I and RIS predict the inefficiency of desensitisation. Five-year allograft survival (86%) was acceptable with a low incidence of acute rejection (17.4%), although with a greater trend towards postoperative bleeding.