RESUMEN

In the quest to enhance the efficiency and durability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), engineering hole-transporting conjugated polymers with well-matched energy levels, exceptional film-forming properties, rapid hole transport, and superior moduli is paramount. Here, we present a novel approach involving the customization of a conjugated polymer, designated as p-DTPF4-EBEH, comprising alternating units of an oxa[5]helicene-based polycyclic heteroaromatic (DTPF4) and 5,5'-(2,5-di(hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EBEH), synthesized through palladium-catalyzed direct arylation. Relative to homopolymers p-DTPF4 and p-EBEH, p-DTPF4-EBEH demonstrates a proper HOMO energy level, hole density, and hole mobility, alongside superior film-forming capabilities. Remarkably, compared to the commonly used hole transport material spiro-OMeTAD, p-DTPF4-EBEH not only exhibits superior film-forming property and hole mobility but also offers increased modulus and improved waterproofing. Incorporating p-DTPF4-EBEH as the hole transport material in PSCs results in an average power conversion efficiency of 25.8%, surpassing the 24.3% achieved with spiro-OMeTAD. Importantly, devices utilizing p-DTPF4-EBEH demonstrate enhanced thermal storage stability at 85 °C, along with operational robustness.

RESUMEN

Dynamic emojis are a form of nonverbal communication used in social programs to express emotions during conversations. Studies have shown that different dynamic effects can influence users' emotional perceptions. Previous studies have focused on the emotional responses elicited by static emojis, while the emotional responses to dynamic emojis have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we examined the impact of 128 different dynamic effects, categorized into emotional types (HAHV, LAHV, HALV, and LALV), on users' arousal and valence, and conducted semi-structured interviews to identify users' preferred dynamic effects. The results revealed significant and positive correlations between the arousal levels of all dynamic emojis and the effects of rhythms. However, the impact of rhythms on the valence of dynamic emojis varied depending on the emotion types of emojis. Specifically, the effects of motion on the valence of dynamic high-valence emojis were found to be significant, whereas they were not significant for dynamic low-valence emojis. Based on these findings, we recommend considering following factors in the design of dynamic emojis, including rhythms, motion effects, motion range, emotional metaphors, and the creation of contrast.

RESUMEN

Steel slag, desulphurised ash, desulphurised gypsum and ultra-fine iron tailing sand are common industrial solid wastes with low utilisation rates. Herein, industrial solid wastes (steel slag, desulphurised gypsum and desulphurised ash) were used as the main raw materials to prepare a gelling material and ultra-fine tailing was used as an aggregate to prepare a new type of cementing filler for mine filling. The optimal composition of the cementing filler was 75% steel slag, 16.5% desulphurised gypsum, 8.75% desulphurised ash, 1:4 binders and tailing mass ration and 70% concentration. The compressive strength of the 28-day sample reached 1.24 MPa, meeting the mine-filling requirements, while that of the 90-day sample was 3.16 MPa. The microscopic analysis results showed that a small amount of C3A reacted with the sulphate in the desulphurised gypsum to form ettringite at the early stage of hydration after the steel slag was activated by the desulphurisation by-products. In addition, C2S produced hydrated calcium silicate gel in an alkaline environment. As hydration proceeded, the sulphite in the desulphurised ash was converted to provide sulphate for the later sustained reaction. Under the long-term joint action of alkali and sulphate, the reactive silica-oxygen tetrahedra and alumina-oxygen tetrahedra depolymerised and then polymerised, further promoting the hydration reaction to generate hydrated calcium silicate gel and ettringite. The low-carbon and low-cost filler studied in this paper represents a new methodology for the synergistic utilisation of multiple forms of solid waste.

RESUMEN

AIM: Primary liver cancer is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with distant metastasis, underlying the high metastatic rate and mortality in patients. This study aimed to analyse the metastatic patterns and prognosis of primary liver cancer, and its relationship with age and several other factors, such as histological variants, TNM stage, and grade. METHODS: We included data from 5274 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the American National Cancer Institute diagnosed with primary liver cancer with metastatic disease between 2010 and 2015. The correlation between the metastatic patterns of primary liver cancer and age was evaluated. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival were calculated by applying univariate Cox analysis, while the correlation between the metastatic patterns and age was analysed by applying multivariate Cox analysis. We also plotted Kaplan-Meier curves to illustrate the correlation between overall survival (OS) and various factors. RESULTS: Several factors were associated with poorer prognosis, including age>60 years, histologic type of spindle cell variant, higher grade, no surgery, tumour size ≥ 1 cm, and lung metastasis. The rate of metastasis increased with age. Older patients (> 50 years) were prone to bone metastasis, while less likely to have lung metastasis compared with younger patients (< 50 years). Patients with lung metastasis had a higher risk of being diagnosed with metastasis in other locations. Furthermore, surgery significantly reduced mortality and primary site surgery in particular, mitigated the risk of bone and lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the correlation of prognosis and metastatic patterns with age and several other factors. The findings can hopefully provide knowledge that will allow a better diagnosis and management of elderly patients with primary liver cancer.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Programa de VERF , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología

RESUMEN

The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathy diseases. The abnormal accumulation of tau contributes to the development of neurotoxicity, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits in tauopathy diseases. Tau synergically interacts with amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease leading to detrimental consequence. Thus, tau has been an important target for therapeutics development for Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathy diseases. Tauopathy animal models recapitulating the tauopathy such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models have been developed and greatly facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms. The advance in PET and imaging tracers have enabled non-invasive detection of the accumulation and spread of tau, the associated microglia activation, metabolic, and neurotransmitter receptor alterations in disease animal models. In vivo microPET studies on mouse or rat models of tauopathy have provided significant insights into the phenotypes and time course of pathophysiology of these models and allowed the monitoring of treatment targeting at tau. In this study, we discuss the utilities of PET and recently developed tracers for evaluating the pathophysiology in tauopathy animal models. We point out the outstanding challenges and propose future outlook in visualizing tau-related pathophysiological changes in brain of tauopathy disease animal models.