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This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method with Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) leaf extract. The NPs were thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), elucidating their crystal structure. Notably, the synthesized Ag NPs exhibited a significant dose-dependent decline in viability of the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 13.3 µg/mL, underscoring their potential as potent anticancer agent. Beyond cytotoxicity, the study pioneers an investigation into the biocompatibility of Ag NPs by blood hemolsysis, providing critical insights into their safety and biomedical applicability. Furthermore, this research uncovers a distinctive facet of Ag NPs, revealing their inhibitory effects on the inflammatory enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), a recognized biomarker for breast cancer. The demonstrated in vitro and in vivo inhibition of sPLA2 highlights the multifaceted potential of Ag NPs in not only targeting cancer cells but also modulating inflammatory responses associated with breast cancer, positioning the study at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine and cancer therapeutics.

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This report attempts to elucidate the potential of plant seed extract assisted synthesis of graphite-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (C-ZnO NPs) towards removal of chromium(VI) ions from water samples. The graphite-based zinc oxide (C-ZnO) composites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The C-ZnO nanocomposites have found to remove chromium from the sample through an adsorption process. The sensitivity of chromium removal through adsorption is found to be in the range of 40 to 240 mg. The adsorption behaviour was found to be fitting with Langmuir isotherm model and the adsorption reaction follows pseudo second-order kinetics.

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Nanotechnology is a fast-expanding area with a wide range of applications in science, engineering, health, pharmacy, and other fields. Among many techniques that are employed toward the production of nanoparticles, synthesis using green technologies is the simplest and environment friendly. Nanoparticles produced from plant extracts have become a very popular subject of study in recent decades due to their diverse advantages such as low-cost synthesis, product stability, and ecofriendly protocols. These merits have prompted the development of nanoparticles from a variety of sources, including bacteria, fungi, algae, proteins, enzymes, etc., allowing for large-scale production with minimal contamination. However, nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts and phytochemicals exhibit greater reduction and stabilization and hence have proven the diversity of properties, like catalyst/photocatalyst, magnetic, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, circulating tumor deoxy ribo nucleic acid (CT-DNA) binding, gas sensing, etc. In the current scenario, nanoparticles can also play a critical role in cleaning wastewater and making it viable for a variety of operations. Nano-sized photocatalysts have a great scope toward the removal of large pollutants like organic dyes, heavy metals, and pesticides in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner from industrial effluents. Thus, in this review article, we discuss the synthesis of several metal nanoparticles using diverse plant extracts, as well as their characterization via techniques like UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), etc., and catalytic activity on various hazardous systems.

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In this study, hydrophilic activated carbon has been prepared and used to synthesize innovative activated carbon/polysulfone mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These membranes were investigated in terms of membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, antifouling ability, and metal ions rejection. The activated carbon (AC) was prepared from a simple chemical activation method using Rhizophora mucronata propagules, which are rich in aerenchyma cells and possess a high surface area. The hydrophilicity of the MMMs is enhanced by the incorporation of activated carbon, which is confirmed by the measurement of equilibrium water contact angle, water uptake and pure water flux. The optimized concentration of 0.625 wt% activated carbon (A2) incorporated mixed matrix membrane exhibits better rejection efficiencies of 98 ± 0.5%, 99 ± 0.5%, 92 ± 2%, and 44 ± 1% for Pb+2, Cd+2, Hg+2, and F- with the permeate flux of 28.27, 31.88, 33.21, 43.82 L/m2/h, respectively. The fabricated mixed matrix membranes demonstrated an excellent flux recovery ratio and reversible fouling, when filtrating a mixed feed solution containing 200 ppm BSA, 10 ppm Pb+2 and 10 ppm Cd+2. The optimized A2 membrane showed excellent long-term stability up to 120 h without compromising in permeate flux and rejection efficiency. Finally, a numerical investigation using a usual transport model has shown that dielectric exclusion was the most probable mechanism that can physically explain experimental trends.

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Contemporary research reveals an undemanding protocol for the catalytic synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide in the incidence of a cost-effective and reusable mesoporous ZrO2-supported Cu2O (Cu2ZrO3) catalyst. This paper depicts a unique system for peptide bond synthesis staying away from toxic solvents and reactants. The catalyst was reused for four cycles without noteworthy loss in the activity, and the catalyst was genuinely heterogeneous. The method followed a simple workup procedure, and no column chromatography was needed. Further, the synthesized 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide ligand (L), and its complexes of type, [FeLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 were synthesized and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. An octahedral geometry has been projected for Fe(II) complexes, while the Cu(II) complex exhibits a square planar geometry. The binding properties of the complexes with CT-DNA were studied by absorption spectral analysis, followed by viscosity measurement and thermal denaturation studies. The photo-induced cleavage studies revealed that the complexes possess photonuclease activity against pUC19 DNA under UV-visible irradiation.

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