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BACKGROUND: Depression is widely recognized as a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Across different studies, the reported prevalence of depression in PD varies widely, ranging from 2.7% to 90%, but it is unclear whether this association is due to genetic or acquired factors. Whether there is a causal relationship remains unknown. The aim of this study was to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal effect of PD on depression. METHODS: Analyses were conducted separately for individuals of European and East Asian ancestry using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies. Depression was divided into two categories: ever depressed for a whole week and major depressive disorder (MDD). PD data were used as the exposure and were obtained from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium and the BioBank Japan PheWeb, while depression data were used as the outcome and were obtained from the ntegrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS Project(A public GWAS database） and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The influence of PD on depression was assessed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted mode methods. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were tested, and the results were validated using FinnGen GWAS data from version R9. RESULTS: In individuals of European ancestry, there was a causal relationship between PD and ever depressed for a whole week (IVW method, odds ratio [OR] = 0.990; 95% CI, 0.984-0.996; p = .002), but no causal relationship was observed between PD and MDD (IVW method, OR = 0.974; 95% CI, 0.942-1.009; p = .141). In individuals of East Asian ancestry, no causal relationship was observed between PD and ever depressed for a whole week (IVW method, OR = 1.001; 95% CI, 0.829-1.209; p = .990) and between PD and MDD (IVW method, OR = 1.017; 95% CI, 0.982-1.052; p = .342). The results of the three additional analysis methods were similar to those of the IVW method, and there was no heterogeneity according to Cochran's Q-test. There was no evidence of pleiotropy based on MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO. The FinnGen validation dataset supported these findings. The results are stable and reliable. CONCLUSION: The observed increase in depression among PD patients could potentially be attributed to modifiable acquired factors. Consequently, there is an urgent need to strengthen the management of PD patients in order to prevent the development of depression in the future.

Asunto(s)

Pueblo Asiatico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Depresión/genética , Depresión/epidemiología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad

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The inhibitory effects of cold plasma-activated water (PAW) on the formation of AGEs and methylimidazoles in cookies was examined. The results showed that different PAW (parameters: 50 W-50 s, 50 W-100 s, 50 W-150 s, 100 W-50 s, 100 W-100 s, and 100 W-150 s) reduced the contents of AGEs and methylimidazoles, in which the maximum inhibition rates were 47.38% and 40.17% for free and bound AGEs and 44.16% and 40.31% for free and bound methylimidazoles, respectively. Moreover, the mechanisms associated with the elimination of carbonyl intermediates and free radicals was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible absorption detector (HPLC-UV/Vis). The results showed the quenching of total free radicals, alkyl free radicals, and HO· by PAW, leading to the suppression of glyoxal and methylglyoxal intermediates. These findings support PAW as a promising agent to enhance the safety of cookies.

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Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Agua , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/química , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia por Spin del Electrón , Agua/química , Imidazoles/química , Imidazoles/farmacología , Gases em Plasma/química , Gases em Plasma/farmacología

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Exploring and accurately detecting new adulteration markers in sesame oil is an important measure for sesame oil adulteration monitoring. In this study, two endogenous flavors sulfurol and γ-nonalactone which can be used as potential adulteration markers were first discovered in sesame oil and accurately quantified. First, the two endogenous flavors were discovered using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their structures were confirmed by comparing the mass spectrograms with the NIST spectral library. Then the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using direct methanol extraction pretreatment and vanillin-D3 as an internal standard was developed for rapid quantitation and application. The method was successfully validated with recoveries ranging from 88.5% to 102.2% and relative standard deviations between 2.6% and 10.5% (n = 6). The combined method of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS was indicated to be efficient and highly sensitive for detection of sulfurol and γ-nonalactone in edible oil. Subsequently, 31 sesame oils from the market were detected, revealing that 31 samples contained the identified flavors within a relatively consistent range. However, the concentration of these flavor substances in one sample was abnormally high, indicating that there was a potential risk of adulteration. Therefore, the developed method shows good potential for quality evaluation and adulteration screening of sesame oil.

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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous compound existed in processed foods, are related to chronic diseases when they are accumulated excessively in human organs. Protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) as a typical AGE, is widely determined to evaluate AGEs level in foods and in vivo. This study investigated the intestinal absorption of three protein-bound CML originated from main food raw materials (soybean, wheat and peanut). After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the three protein-bound CML digests were ultrafiltered and divided into four fractions: less than 1 kDa, between 1 and 3 kDa, between 3 and 5 kDa, greater than 5 kDa. Caco-2 cell monolayer model was further used to evaluate the intestinal absorption of these components. Results showed that the absorption rates of soybean protein isolate (SPI)-, glutenin (Glu)-, peanut protein isolate (PPI)-bound CML were 30.18%, 31.57% and 29.5%, respectively. The absorption rates of components with MW less than 5 kDa accounted for 19.91% (SPI-bound CML), 22.59% (Glu-bound CML), 23.64% (PPI-bound CML), respectively, and these samples were absorbed by paracellular route, transcytosis route and active route via PepT-1. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that all three protein-bound CML digests with different MW can be absorbed in diverse absorption pathways by Caco-2 cell monolayer model. This research provided a theoretical basis for scientific evaluation of digestion and absorption of AGEs in food.

Asunto(s)

Arachis , Digestión , Glútenes , Absorción Intestinal , Lisina , Proteínas de Soja , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Lisina/metabolismo , Arachis/química , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Proteínas de Soja/química , Glútenes/metabolismo , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Triticum/química

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OBJECTIVE: Diagnosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is challenging. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of anti-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonic acid (PGA) antibodies in JIA, focusing on their role in diagnosis and assessing disease activity. METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, we examined variations in serum levels of PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG among children with different types of JIA and healthy controls. Serum PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG levels were assessed concurrently in children with active and inactive JIA. RESULTS: This study included 126 patients diagnosed with JIA, 13 neonates, and 76 healthy children. Serum PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG levels were assessed, which revealed significant differences in PGA-IgA levels between various JIA subtypes and controls. An analysis of PGA-IgA levels in various JIA states revealed a statistically significant difference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated the robust predictive capability of PGA-IgA, with an AUC of 0.879 (p < 0.001), along with a specificity of 0.842 and sensitivity of 0.848. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of anti-PGA antibodies, particularly PGA-IgA, were significantly associated with JIA. PGA-IgA may serve as a sensitive biomarker for disease activity in JIA and could potentially aid in the diagnosis of JIA. Key Points • This study found a significant correlation between blood levels of PGA-IgA and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which may provide valuable diagnostic insights. • PGA-IgA shows potential as a sensitive biomarker for the assessment of disease activity in JIA patients, helping to determine disease activity.

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Artritis Juvenil , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Artritis Juvenil/sangre , Artritis Juvenil/inmunología , Artritis Juvenil/diagnóstico , Femenino , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Estudios Prospectivos , Adolescente , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Pectinas/inmunología , Curva ROC , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Sensibilidad y Especificidad

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Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. However, in vitro, anti-proliferative effects are shown at doses far beyond the therapeutic plasma concentration. Considering the role of tumor microenvironment in glioma progression, glioma-astrocyte co-cultures were employed to test the anti-tumor potential of low-dose telmisartan. When a high dose was required for a direct anti-proliferative effect on glioma cell lines, a low dose significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in the co-culture system. Under co-culture conditions, upregulated IL-6 expression in astrocytes played a critical role in glioma progression. Silencing IL-6 in astrocytes or IL-6R in glioma cells reduced proliferation and migration. Telmisartan (5 µM) inhibited astrocytic IL-6 expression, and its anti-tumor effects were reversed by silencing IL-6 or IL-6R and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in glioma cells. Moreover, the telmisartan-driven IL-6 downregulation was not imitated by losartan, an AT1R blocker with little capacity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activation, but was eliminated by a PPARγ antagonist, indicating that the anti-glioma effects of telmisartan rely on its PPARγ agonistic activity rather than AT1R blockade. This study highlights the importance of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine signaling in glioma growth and the potential of telmisartan as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioma, especially those with hypertension.

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Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II , Astrocitos , Proliferación Celular , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Glioma , Interleucina-6 , PPAR gamma , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Telmisartán , Telmisartán/farmacología , Telmisartán/uso terapéutico , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patología , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacología , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/uso terapéutico , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Comunicación Paracrina/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Losartán/farmacología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos

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Three-dimensional human pose estimation focuses on generating 3D pose sequences from 2D videos. It has enormous potential in the fields of human-robot interaction, remote sensing, virtual reality, and computer vision. Existing excellent methods primarily focus on exploring spatial or temporal encoding to achieve 3D pose inference. However, various architectures exploit the independent effects of spatial and temporal cues on 3D pose estimation, while neglecting the spatial-temporal synergistic influence. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel 3D pose estimation method with a dual-adaptive spatial-temporal former (DASTFormer) and additional supervised training. The DASTFormer contains attention-adaptive (AtA) and pure-adaptive (PuA) modes, which will enhance pose inference from 2D to 3D by adaptively learning spatial-temporal effects, considering both their cooperative and independent influences. In addition, an additional supervised training with batch variance loss is proposed in this work. Different from common training strategy, a two-round parameter update is conducted on the same batch data. Not only can it better explore the potential relationship between spatial-temporal encoding and 3D poses, but it can also alleviate the batch size limitations imposed by graphics cards on transformer-based frameworks. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms most state-of-the-art approaches on Human3.6 and HumanEVA datasets.

Asunto(s)

Algoritmos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Postura/fisiología , Robótica/métodos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The heightened risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events is associated with the increased instability of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers has impeded the assessment of plaque instability currently. This study was aimed to investigate and identify hub genes associated with unstable plaques through the integration of various bioinformatics tools, providing novel insights into the detection and treatment of this condition. METHODS: Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) combined with two machine learning methods were used to identify hub genes strongly associated with plaque instability. The cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) method was utilized to assess immune cell infiltration patterns in atherosclerosis patients. Additionally, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was conducted to investigate the potential biological functions, pathways, and mechanisms of hub genes associated with unstable plaques. To further validate the diagnostic efficiency and expression of the hub genes, immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed on collected human carotid plaque and blood samples. Immunofluorescence co-staining was also utilized to confirm the association between hub genes and immune cells, as well as their colocalization with mitochondria. RESULTS: The CIBERSORT analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the infiltration of CD8 T cells and an obvious increase in the infiltration of M0 macrophages in patients with atherosclerosis. Subsequently, two highly relevant modules (blue and green) strongly associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability were identified. Through intersection with mitochondria-related genes, 50 crucial genes were identified. Further analysis employing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms revealed six hub genes significantly associated with plaque instability. Among them, NT5DC3, ACADL, SLC25A4, ALDH1B1, and MAOB exhibited positive correlations with CD8 T cells and negative correlations with M0 macrophages, while kynurenine 3-monooxygenas (KMO) demonstrated a positive correlation with M0 macrophages and a negative correlation with CD8 T cells. IHC and RT-qPCR analyses of human carotid plaque samples, as well as ELISA analyses of blood samples, revealed significant upregulation of KMO and MAOB expression, along with decreased ALDH1B1 expression, in both stable and unstable samples compared to the control samples. However, among the three key genes mentioned above, only KMO showed a significant increase in expression in unstable plaque samples compared to stable plaque samples. Furthermore, the expression patterns of KMO in human carotid unstable plaque tissues and cultured mouse macrophage cell lines were assessed using immunofluorescence co-staining techniques. Finally, lentivirus-mediated KMO silencing was successfully transduced into the aortas of high-fat-fed ApoE-/- mice, with results indicating that KMO silencing attenuated plaque formation and promoted plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that KMO, a mitochondria-targeted gene associated with macrophage cells, holds promise as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for assessing the instability of atherosclerotic plaques.

Asunto(s)

Placa Aterosclerótica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biología Computacional/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Genes Mitocondriales/genética , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica/genética , Placa Aterosclerótica/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Quinurenina 3-Monooxigenasa/genética , Quinurenina 3-Monooxigenasa/metabolismo

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Most studies investigate the cyclable capacity fading mechanism of Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) from the microscopic structure level, lacking discussions about how the structure degradation influences the performance of the pouch cell precisely and quantitatively. Based on the analysis of the evolution of key parameters during the whole cycling period, a new transition-type fading mechanism is proposed. From the early-to-middle stage of the cycling period, polarization increases, most of which is interface-related, causing about 67% of the whole capacity loss. From the middle-to-late stage of the cycling period, active material losses turn out to be the dominating factor, inducing about 61% of the total capacity loss. Diffusion-related polarization, replacing the interface type, is responsible for most of the increased overpotential. Relative analysis confirms that during the early stage, the increase of the charge transfer resistance, induced by CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) growth and initial surface layered-structure degradation, is the main source of interface polarization. As the cycling evolves to the late stage, severe bulky structure degradation, including lattice-oxygen release, Li/Ni mixture and generation of a new spinel phase, turns out to be the major factor, causing further capacity fading.

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We report a method to enhance the sensitivity of coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometers using a combination of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light phase-delay detection and a differential detection scheme. The approach can achieve a four third-fold enhancement of the CPT dispersion signal slope and a three-fold reduction in noises. The proposed method experimentally exhibits a four third-fold magnetic field resolution enhancement in CPT open-loop measurements, and the differential method could achieve a sensitivity of 1 p T/H z at 10 Hz and a sensitivity of 0.4 p T/H z at 50-100 Hz in the CPT closed-loop measurement, which is a four-fold sensitivity enhancement compared to the single-transmitted CPT magnetometer.

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Attoclock provides a powerful tool for probing the ultrafast electron dynamics in strong laser fields. However, this technique has remained restricted to single electron or sequential double ionized electron dynamics. Here, we propose a novel attoclock scheme with a polarization-gated few-cycle laser pulse and demonstrate its application in timing the correlated-electron emission in strong field double ionization of argon. Our experimental measurements reveal that the correlated-electron emission occurs mainly through two channels with time differences of 234±22 as and 1043±73 as, respectively. Classical model calculations well reproduce the experimental results and deepen our understanding of ultrafast electron correlation dynamics.

RESUMEN

Cardiogenic cerebral infarction (CCI) is a disease in which the blood supply to the blood vessels in the brain is insufficient due to atherosclerosis or stenosis of the coronary arteries in the patient's heart, which leads to neurological deficits. To predict the pathogenic factors of cardiogenic cerebral infarction, this paper proposes a machine learning based analytical prediction model. 494 patients with CCI who were hospitalized for the first time were consecutively included in the study between January 2017 and December 2021, and followed up every three months for one year after hospital discharge. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected, and predictors associated with relapse and death in CCI patients at six months and one year after discharge were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods, meanwhile established a new machine learning model based on the enhanced moth-flame optimization (FTSAMFO) and the fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (FKNN), called BITSAMFO-FKNN, which is practiced on the dataset related to patients with CCI. Specifically, this paper proposes the spatial transformation strategy to increase the exploitation capability of moth-flame optimization (MFO) and combines it with the tree seed algorithm (TSA) to increase the search capability of MFO. In the benchmark function experiments FTSAMFO beat 5 classical algorithms and 5 recent variants. In the feature selection experiment, ten times ten-fold cross-validation trials showed that the BITSAMFO-FKNN model proved actual medical importance and efficacy, with an accuracy value of 96.61%, sensitivity value of 0.8947, MCC value of 0.9231, and F-Measure of 0.9444. The results of the trial showed that hemorrhagic conversion and lower LVDD/LVSD were independent risk factors for recurrence and death in patients with CCI. The established BITSAMFO-FKNN method is helpful for CCI prognosis and deserves further clinical validation.

Asunto(s)

Infarto Encefálico , Aprendizaje Automático , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Pronóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Encefálico/fisiopatología , Infarto Encefálico/complicaciones , Algoritmos

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This study aimed to improve the eating quality of yellow-feathered broiler chicks by feeding them corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg quercetin. we examined the impact of varying doses of dietary quercetin on the sensory quality of chicken breast meat as well as on the antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant-related signaling molecules, structure and thermal stability of myofibrillar protein (MPs), and microstructure of myogenic fibers in the meat during 24 h of postslaughter aging. Additionally, we investigated the potential correlations among antioxidant capacity, MP structure, and meat quality parameters. The results indicated that dietary supplementations with 500 and 1,000 mg/kg quercetin improved the physicochemical properties and eating quality of yellow-feathered broiler chicken breast meat during 12 to 24 h postslaughter. Additionally, quercetin improved the postslaughter oxidative stress status and reduced protein and lipid oxidation levels. It also increased hydrogen bonding interactions and α-helix content during 6 to 12 h postslaughter and decreased ß-sheet content during 12 to 24 h postslaughter in chicken breast MP. This resulted in improved postslaughter MP structure and thermal stability. The correlation results indicated that the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and MP structure enhanced the physicochemical and edible qualities of yellow-feathered broiler chicken breast meat. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that dietary supplementation with quercetin is an ideal approach for improving the eating quality of chicken meat, thereby broadening our understanding of theoretical and technological applications for improving the quality of chicken.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal , Antioxidantes , Pollos , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Carne , Quercetina , Animales , Quercetina/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Carne/análisis , Carne/normas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria

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This study aimed to investigate the changes in proteins and volatile flavor compounds that occur in bacon during low-temperature smoking (LTS) and identify potential correlations between these changes. To achieve this, a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proteomics was employed. A total of 42 volatile flavor compounds were identified in the bacon samples, and, during LTS, 11 key volatile flavor compounds with variable importance were found at a projection value of >1, including 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one, Nonanal, etc. In total, 2017 proteins were quantified at different stages of LTS; correlation coefficients and KEGG analyses identified 27 down-regulated flavor-related proteins. Of these, seven were involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, metabolic pathways, or amino acid metabolism, and they may be associated with the process of flavor formation. Furthermore, correlation coefficient analysis indicated that certain chemical parameters, such as the contents of free amino acids, carbonyl compounds, and TCA cycle components, were closely and positively correlated with the formation of key volatile flavor compounds. Combined with bioinformatic analysis, the results of this study provide insights into the proteins present in bacon at various stages of LTS. This study demonstrates the changes in proteins and the formation of volatile flavor compounds in bacon during LTS, along with their potential correlations, providing a theoretical basis for the development of green processing methods for Hunan bacon.

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The Masquelet technique, also known as the induced membrane technique, is a surgical technique for repairing large bone defects based on the use of a membrane generated by a foreign body reaction for bone grafting. This technique is not only simple to perform, with few complications and quick recovery, but also has excellent clinical results. To better understand the mechanisms by which this technique promotes bone defect repair and the factors that require special attention in practice, we examined and summarized the relevant research advances in this technique by searching, reading, and analysing the literature. Literature show that the Masquelet technique may promote the repair of bone defects through the physical septum and molecular barrier, vascular network, enrichment of mesenchymal stem cells, and high expression of bone-related growth factors, and the repair process is affected by the properties of spacers, the timing of bone graft, mechanical environment, intramembrane filling materials, artificial membrane, and pharmaceutical/biological agents/physical stimulation.

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In order to explore the impact of experience in forest-based health and wellness (FHW) on the stress of middle-aged people, 12 participants aged 35-39 were selected to conduct a 3-day/2-night study on FHW experience in Wencheng, Wenzhou. Huawei bracelets were used to monitor participants' movement, pulse and blood pressure and their mood state was measured before and after the health care experience using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale. After the FHW experience, the lowest value of bracelet stress appeared on the second day of the experience for men and women. The total mood disturbance (TMD) decreased by 38.8 points on average, which significantly improved the positive mood and relieved the stress. The decompression effect of the FHW experience showed some variability among individuals. Furthermore, there were gender differences in alleviation of fatigue and puzzlement, which was greater for females than males.

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Bosques , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , China , Afecto , Factores Sexuales

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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the key constituent of tea polyphenols, presents challenges in terms of its lipid solubility, stability, and bioavailability because of its polyhydroxy structure. Consequently, structural modifications are imperative to enhance its efficacy. This paper comprehensively reviews the esterification techniques applied to EGCG over the past two decades and their impacts on bioactivities. Both chemical and enzymatic esterification methods involve catalysts, solvents, and hydrophobic groups as critical factors. Although the chemical method is cost-efficient, it poses challenges in purification; on the other hand, the enzymatic approach offers improved selectivity and simplified purification processes. The biological functions of EGCG are inevitably influenced by the structural changes incurred through esterification. The antioxidant capacity of EGCG derivatives can be compromised under certain conditions by reducing hydroxyl groups, while enhancing lipid solubility and stability can strengthen their antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Additionally, esterification broadens the utility of EGCG in food applications. This review provides critical insights into developing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable selective esterification methods, as well as emphasizes the elucidation of the bioactive mechanisms of EGCG derivatives to facilitate their widespread adoption in food processing, healthcare products, and pharmaceuticals.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has merged as a global health threat since its outbreak in December 2019. Despite widespread recognition, there has been a paucity of studies focusing on the T cell receptor (TCR) bias in adaptive immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2. This research conducted a comparative analysis of the TCR immune repertoire to identify notable αß TCR bias sequences associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen. The present study encompassed 73 symptomatic COVID-19 patients, categorized as moderate/mild or severe/critical, along with 9 healthy controls. Our findings revealed specific TCR chains prominently utilized by moderate and severe patients, identified as TRAV30-J34-TRBV3-1-J2-7 and TRAV12-3-J6-TRBV28-J1-1, respectively. Additionally, our research explored critical TCR preferences in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients at various disease stages. Indeed, monitoring the dynamics of immune repertoire changes in COVID-19 patients could serve as a crucial biomarker for predicting disease progression and recovery. Furthermore, the study explored TCR bias in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and BALF. The most common αß VJ pair observed in BALF was TRAV12-3-J18-TRBV7-6-J2-7. In addition, a comparative analysis with the VDJdb database indicated that the HLA-A*02:01 allele exhibited the widest distribution and highest frequency in COVID-19 patients across different periods. This comprehensive examination provided a global characterization of the TCR immune repertoire in COVID-19 patients, contributing significantly to our understanding of TCR bias induced by SARS-CoV-2.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T alfa-beta/metabolismo , Adulto , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Anciano , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Inmunidad Adaptativa/inmunología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

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Most host-microbiota interactions occur within the intestinal barrier, which is essential for separating the intestinal epithelium from toxins, microorganisms, and antigens in the gut lumen. Gut inflammation allows pathogenic bacteria to enter the blood stream, forming immune complexes which may deposit on organs. Despite increased circulating immune complexes (CICs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and discussions among IBD experts regarding their potential pathogenic role in extra-intestinal manifestations, this phenomenon is overlooked because definitive evidence demonstrating CIC-induced extra-intestinal manifestations in IBD animal models is lacking. However, clinical observations of elevated CICs in newly diagnosed, untreated patients with IBD have reignited research into their potential pathogenic implications. Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most prevalent extra-intestinal IBD manifestations. CICs are pivotal in various arthritis forms, including reactive, rheumatoid, and Lyme arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research indicates that intestinal barrier restoration during the pre-phase of arthritis could inhibit arthritis development. In the absence of animal models supporting extra-intestinal IBD manifestations, this paper aims to comprehensively explore the relationship between CICs and arthritis onset via a multifaceted analysis to offer a fresh perspective for further investigation and provide novel insights into the interplay between CICs and arthritis development in IBD.

Asunto(s)

Artritis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Animales , Humanos , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/uso terapéutico , Artritis/etiología , Inflamación , Artralgia/etiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have observed elevated myeloid cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the causal relationship between them remains to be elucidated. We investigated whether there is a causal relationship between different subtypes of peripheral blood myeloid cells and PD using Mendelian randomization (MR) combined with bioinformatics analysis. Exploring the etiology of PD from the perspective of genetics can remove confounding factors and provide a more reliable theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS: Comprehensive two-sample MR analysis and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the causal associations between 64 myeloid cell signatures and PD risk. The Venn diagram and protein-protein interaction network analysis of instrumental variables (IV) corresponding genes were used to further investigate the potential mechanism of myeloid cells influencing the pathogenesis of PD. RESULTS: We investigated the impact of four immunophenotypes on the risk of PD, including Im MDSC% CD33dim HLA DR- CD66b- (relative count), CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+% CD33dim HLA DR+ (relative count), and CD11b on Mo MDSC (MFI) and CD11b on CD33br HLA DR+ CD14dim (MFI), while an immunophenotype's protective effect on PD was observed CD45 on Im MDSC (MFI). The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that CD33, NTRK2, PLD2, GRIK2 and RELN had protein interactions with the risk genes of PD. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has demonstrated a close genetic correlation between different subtypes of myeloid cells and PD, providing guidance for early identification and immunotherapeutic development in patients with PD.

Asunto(s)

Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Células Mieloides , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas