RESUMEN

Background: As the progressive trends in the field of immunotherapy, it is very favourable to reconsider the role played by B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Both the protumorogenic and antitumorogenic responses have to be evaluated to formulate an effective immunotherapeutic protocol. Aim and objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess the qualitative expression of B lymphocytes in pretumorogenic (oral epithelial dysplasia) and tumorogenic environment (oral squamous cell carcinoma). The differential immunohistochemical staining of CD 20 immune marker was assessed in about 60 cases that included 30 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The study found significant correlation between CD 20 IHC immune expression and histopathological diagnosis along with significant correlation between the subject's age group and histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Modulating the immune response in a precancerous state can be highly beneficial in implementing better immunotherapeutic strategies to treat or prevent malignancy at an early stage.

RESUMEN

Phenotypic heterogeneity has been a complex phenomenon lately, fetching attention in tumour pathology. Myofibroblastic differentiation is one such example and, besides, functional heterogeneity contributes to the biological behaviour of the tumours. Myofibroma is a distinctive neoplasm of myofibroblasts with a low incidence rate in the oral cavity. A case of myofibroma in mandibular alveolus in an adult patient is reported here for its rarity and diagnostic dilemma.

RESUMEN

A lymph node (LN) being a unique immunological organ has the ability to adapt when exposed to emigrants. The structural and architectural components are tampered, and it acts as an efficient immune checker in the presence of an antigen and also exhibits a morphological drift when neoplastic cells evade the organ. So, understanding the basics of histology of a lymph node is essential for the better identification and interpretation of pathological events occurring in a lymph node. A phenomenon pertaining to LNs, interpretation of reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes at morphological levels and pathological diversity of LNs in selected disease processes are emphasised.

RESUMEN

Background: The success of the root-end procedure depends on the regeneration of the functional periodontal attachment system, including the cementum on the resected root-end surface, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. As root end filling materials remain in close contact with live periapical tissues, they may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. Aim: To assess and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three root repair materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), endosequence, and geristore in human-cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the third passage were used in the study. They were placed in contact with the root repair materials. The cytotoxic effect on PDL fibroblasts was determined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-tetrazolium bromide) assay after 24 hours and 48 hours intervals. Cell viability was determined using an inverted phase contrast microscope. The genotoxic effect on the periodontal fibroblast cells was determined by comet assay using imaging software. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using Tukey's multiple comparison test and Dunnett's multiple test. Results: All the test materials showed higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at the 48th hour interval with a statistically significant difference from the control group (P < 0.05). MTA was shown to be least cytotoxic and genotoxic to PDL fibroblasts, followed by endosequence root repair material and geristore at 24 hour and 48 hour intervals. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MTA were the least compared to endosequence and geristore on human-cultured PDL fibroblasts.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity which has evolved globally as a grave and growing health problem. It shares a wide geographic variation with respect to the incidence rate and exhibits anatomic adaptation to oral environment with varied clinical presentation along with a spectrum of histological mélange. Besides, in recent cancer research, both genetics and epigenetics add on at the molecular level and accounts for this diversification and tumor heterogeneity of OSCC and thereby substantiates to the miRNA expression profiling in OSCC. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: In the present study, subsite specificity of miR-21 expression in tissue specimens of OSCC of Tongue, Buccal mucosa, and Gingivo buccal (GB) sulcus were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantification of miR-21 was done on 30 tissue samples of OSCC using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Results indicated that miR-21 expression was significantly expressed at the subsites. Out of 30 samples, 22 showed upregulation, and 8 showed down-regulation with reference to endogenous control. The comparative Ct method was used to analyze the differences in subsite specific expression of miR-21 in OSCC cases. It was significantly upregulated in the buccal mucosa (p=0.002), followed by GB sulcus (p=0.01) and Tongue (p=0.25). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study could identify the differential miR-21 expression at sub-sites, indicating that it may serve as a diagnostic marker with further elaboration on a larger sample size..

RESUMEN

Ameloblastic Carcinoma is a rare malignant Odontogenic tumour with characteristic histopathology and clinical features which requires aggressive surgical treatment and surveillance and therefore differs from ameloblastoma. It is possible that ameloblastoma shows a variety of histologic and biologic behaviour ranging from benign to frank malignancy. Cases of ameloblastoma should thus be studied carefully, correlating their histologic pattern with biologic behaviour to direct subtle changes in histology that may predict the aggressiveness of the tumor. Thus the identifying features of Ameloblastic Carcinoma must be carefully known and recognized by dental professionals. The purpose of this article is to report a rare case of Ameloblastic Carcinoma and to highlight the clinical, radiological and variable histological features with possible differential diagnosis.

RESUMEN

Morphological tampering of cellular architecture is a frequent phenomenon, leading to a spectrum of histological melange at light microscopic level. One such group of tumors which exhibit diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas are the Clear cell tumors. Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (CCOC) is an infrequent tumor, which is aggressive by nature among the odontogenic tumors. A case of CCOC of mandible in a denture wearer is presented with the emphasis on diagnostic work up and clarified and unclarified facts of the tumor.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Angiogenesis is a complex event facilitated by angiogenic factors released from neoplastic and host immune cells. Among host immune cells, mast cells (MCs) may have greater significance in tumor progression through angiogenesis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) in normal gingival tissue, leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among eighty selected cases, twenty were of normal gingiva, twenty each of leukoplakia without and with dysplasia and twenty of OSCC. The slides were stained with CD34 and counterstained with 0.1% toluidine blue, followed by quantification of MCD and MVD per high-power field (×40) using Image-Pro Express software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test and correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in the values of MVD and MCD between normal gingival tissue, leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and OSCC (P = 0.000) was observed. MVD and MCD showed a positive correlation between the study groups. CONCLUSION: MVD and MCD increased significantly in cases of OSCC as compared to leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and normal gingival tissue. It was concluded that MCs may play a significant role in angiogenesis by releasing pro-angiogenic and angiogenic factors which may in turn favor the progression of premalignant lesion to a malignant one.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Over the past century, the dental literature has consistently reflected a controversy related to the effect of periodontal disease on the dental pulp. Nonetheless, practitioners are of the opinion that teeth having deep periodontal pockets show variable pulpal response, which may necessitate root canal treatment. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in pulp due to advanced periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty caries-free teeth affected with severe periodontitis were collected from patients aged between 18 and 55 years. The collected teeth were stored in formalin for 24 h and were then decalcified and examined histologically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin to note the changes that occurred in pulp. RESULTS: Pulpal calcification (52.62%) and partial necrosis of pulp (52.62%) were found to be the most common findings. Inflammation, which was found in 47.38% of the cases, ranged from mild to severe in most sections and was always chronic. Pulp with complete necrosis was seen in 26.32% of cases. Fibrosis and pulpal edema were seen in 36.84% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the presence of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, degenerative changes such as inflammation, fibrosis, edema, calcification and necrosis were observed to variable degree.

RESUMEN

AIM: The aim of the study was to quantify the presence of mast cells in various inflammatory lesions like periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, inflammatory gingival hyperplasia and pyogenic granuloma. Mast cell degranulation and association with lymphocytes were also recorded in an attempt to understand the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification of mast cells was done on toluidine blue stained sections of all the four groups of lesions, using the image analyzer software, Image-Pro-Express (Media Cybernetics, USA). RESULTS: An increased number of mast cells in various inflammatory lesions with a significant difference between the four groups were noted. Mast cell number tended to be greater in the lesions present in the anterior region of the mouth than in the posterior region of the oral cavity. The mean mast cell number decreased with the increasing age which was directly correlated with the age of the patients. Mast cell site, distribution, degranulation and its association with fibroblasts, lymphocytes and blood vessels were noted. CONCLUSION: The location of mast cells in different areas, their association with lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and the phenomenon of degranulation helps to appreciate the release of various mediators and multiple interactions among these cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, angiogenic response, collagen synthesis, regulation of inflammation, bone resorption, and extracellular matrix destruction, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of these inflammatory lesions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Maspin is a novel serine protease inhibitor (serpin) with multifaceted tumor-suppressive activities. It was originally identified in normal human breast myoepithelial cells and shows variable expression in different types of cancer cells. Maspin displays anti-metastatic properties in mammary and prostate cancer. Its expression is maintained during ovarian, lung and pancreatic carcinogenesis, indicating that Maspin regulated metastatic potential is tissue specific. Thus, it is possible that Maspin participates in salivary gland tumor biology as well. In this study, expression pattern of maspin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors is analyzed, to understand the biological behavior of salivary gland tumors with respect to maspin expression. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to demonstrate, record, and correlate the expression pattern of maspin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective study of maspin expression in 30 diagnosed cases of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors retrieved from archives of our department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-maspin antibody and horseradish peroxidase detection system. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test. RESULTS: Intense expression with P < 0.001 is associated with benign tumors, nuclear staining with P < 0.001 is significantly associated with benign tumors and cytoplasmic staining with P = 0.020 is associated with malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: Intensity of expression is more in benign tumors when compared with malignant tumors. The benign tumors showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. Some malignant tumors did express maspin, but mainly in the cytoplasm.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a benign fibrohistiocytic neoplasm. It is documented to occur in all anatomic sites with a strong predilection for sun exposed skin surfaces. Intra oral occurrence of BFH comprises a lesser percentage of cases with tongue being the least reported site. We report a case of BFH of the tongue with an emphasis on its histogenesis and a review of the literature.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is one of the inflammatory reactive hyperplasia of gingiva. It represents a separate clinical entity rather than a transitional form of pyogenic granuloma and shares unique clinical characteristics and diverse histopathological features. We present a case of POF in a 65-year-old male patient in the posterior maxillary gingiva, the clinical presentation of which differs from the usual presentation. Differential diagnosis and some interesting facts of POF are discussed.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: We present the first reported case of sebaceous adenoma of the palate, to our knowledge. METHOD: Case report and review of the English language literature, with a focus on the pathological spectrum of sebaceous glands. CASE REPORT: A woman presented with a growth on the hard palate, which was excised and examined. Histopathological analysis showed features of sebaceous adenoma. Further evaluation with Sudan Black B special stains and Ki 67 immunohistochemistry was performed. CONCLUSION: Sebaceous adenomas in the oral cavity are very rare, with only 10 cases previously reported in the English language literature. Sebaceous adenoma of the palate has not previously been reported, to our knowledge. We discuss the role of special stains and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of this tumour.

Asunto(s)