RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is implicated in the development of obesity, and its role in developmental programming needs to be explored. This study uncovers the effects of a parental high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFS) on the gut (colon) and brain (hypothalamus) GBA of male Wistar rat offspring at weaning until adulthood. METHODS: For ten weeks before mating, male progenitors were fed a control diet (CD) or HFS, whereas dams were fed CD or HFS during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring aged 21-and 90-day old were assessed for: Gene expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) in the colon and hypothalamus; hypothalamic gene expression of orexigenic neuropeptides and Leptin receptor; serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Ghrelin and neuropeptide Y (NPY); colonic cytokine levels; FaecalBifidobacterium spp.andLactobacillus spp. DNA. RESULTS: Paternal HFS showed increased endotoxaemia, reduced colonic gene expression of ZO1 and reduced colonic TNF-α at weaning. In the adult offspring, paternal HFS showed increased NPY, reduced serum Ghrelin, colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lower faecalBifidobacteriumspp. DNA. Maternal diet showed increased hypothalamic gene expression of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) at weaning. The maternal HFS diet showed increased NPY and reduced faecalBifidobacteriumspp. andLactobacillusspp. DNA in the adult offspring. The combined effect of parental diet showed increased NPY at weaning, and lowerBifidobacteriumspp. andLactobacillus spp.in the adult offspring. CONCLUSION: Maternal and paternal HFS diet seem to influence the programming of the gut-brain axis, leading to increased visceral adiposity and weight of male offspring at weaning, the effect that lasted until adulthood.
Asunto(s)
Ghrelina , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Animales , Eje Cerebro-Intestino , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , AzúcaresRESUMEN
There is a growing concern about the impacts of hypovitaminosis D on the health of pregnant woman, fetal development, childhood, and adult life. Variations in maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation play a critical role in the physiological and metabolic development of the fetus and neonate, which can induce phenotypic changes and trigger important consequences throughout life, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and hypertension. Vitamin D plays a role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and in modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. Also, vitamin D correlates with changes in cytokines, anti and proinflammatory, as well as prevents inflammation induced by changes in myometrial cells mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Further investigation is required regarding these relationship.
Asunto(s)
Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Femenino , Desarrollo Fetal , Humanos , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Obesity is a late effect of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors and this correlates with chronic complications. This review examines the data currently available to health professionals, for increasing awareness and identifying strategies to address the treatment and prevention of late effects. The mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear. However, damage to the hypothalamus and endocrine disorders (e.g. insulin and leptin resistance) and a positive energetic balance may play a role in increasing obesity rates. A patient's diet during, and after treatment may also influence the weight of survivors. Implementation of an effective educational program by professionals during all stages of treatment enables children to obtain basic knowledge regarding food and nutrition, thereby encouraging them to take responsibility for developing healthy eating behaviors.