RESUMEN
Candida tropicalis has been identified as the most prevalent pathogenic yeast species of the Candida-non-albicans group. Historically, Candida albicans has been the major species responsible for causing candidiasis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. However, infections (candidiasis) due to C. tropicalis have increased dramatically on a global scale thus proclaiming this organism to be an emerging pathogenic yeast. The reasons for this organism's dominance and its resistance to fluconazole have been difficult to elucidate. In addition, the mechanism of this organism's pathogenicity and the consequent immune response remain to be clarified. This paper describes certain predisposing factors potentially responsible for these characteristics and presents a 'root cause analysis' to explain the increasing prevalence of C. tropicalis in developed and undeveloped countries, as well as the organism's acquired drug resistance. Control measures against fluconazole resistance in clinical management have also been discussed.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida tropicalis/efectos de los fármacos , Candida tropicalis/patogenicidad , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Candidiasis/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Fluconazol/farmacología , Candida tropicalis/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Sixty-one isolates of Candida albicans were tested for their phospholipase activity and this parameter was correlated with pathogenicity in albino mice. Of the isolates tested, 57 (93%) showed appreciable phospholipase activity and of these, 55 (90%) were pathogenic to mice. A significant correlation was found between phospholipase activity and involvement of kidneys in animal pathogenicity studies. The isolates of C. albicans, that exhibited higher phospholipase activity were found to be pathogenic for mice.
Asunto(s)
Candida albicans/enzimología , Candida albicans/patogenicidad , Candidiasis/microbiología , Fosfolipasas/metabolismo , Animales , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Riñón/microbiología , RatonesRESUMEN
We describe the precise identification, separation and quantitation of several haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as Hbs A2, A, F, S, E, J, H, D-Punjab and Q-India in untransfused patients with beta thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies prevalent in the Indian population using whole blood (5 microliters), red cell lysates (2 microliters) or dried blood specimens on filter paper, using a conventional anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (AX-HPLC) system. Samples were simultaneously studied for the presence of haemoglobin variants by alkaline electrophoresis. The problems in analysing rare variants and separating the closely migrating variants, encountered in the conventional methods could be resolved using the HPLC technique.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico/métodos , Variación Genética , Hemoglobinopatías/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinas/genética , Talasemia beta/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Hemoglobinopatías/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Talasemia beta/genéticaRESUMEN
Sera of 37 patients attending the allergic clinic and of 10 normal healthy non-allergic controls were collected and in a double blind manner they were tested using phadiatop RIA for differentiation of patient's symptoms as due to atopy or otherwise without performing other troublesome investigations. It is an easy, less time consuming and reliable technique.