RESUMEN
To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Curcuma sp., we investigated whether dehydrocurdione, a sesquiterpene contained in Curcuma sp., induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione was extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma sp., and its purity was verified by high performance liquid chromatography. Treatment with 10-100 µM dehydrocurdione transiently and concentration-dependently increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels. Docking simulation suggested the presence of the Michael reaction between dehydrocurdione and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1 keeping nuclear factor-erythroid2-related-factor (Nrf)2, a transcription factor, in the cytoplasm. Nrf2 that was definitely free from Keap1 was detected in the nuclei after dehydrocurdione treatment. Subsequently, the HO-1 E2 enhancer, a target of Nrf2, was activated, resulting in HO-1 expression. Also, an investigation using 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol supported the concept that the α, ß-unsaturated carbonyl structure plays an important role in the interaction with Keap1. Dehydrocurdione suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Clarification of the HO-1 synthesis increase mechanism revealed in this study will help contribute to the development of novel phytotherapeutic strategies against inflammation-associated diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Curcuma/química , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Inducción Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Células HEK293 , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/química , Humanos , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Four kinds of endophytic filamentous fungi (code names: CLS-1, CLS-2, CLS-3, and CLS-4) associated with the seeds of Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) from West Java, Indonesia, were isolated. All of the isolates were classified into Diaporthe spp. based on phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) including the 5.8S ribosomal DNA region. All four of these endophytic fungi produce Cinchona alkaloids, mainly quinine and quinidine, in synthetic liquid medium.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Cinchona/metabolismo , Cinchona/microbiología , Endófitos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Semillas/microbiología , Ascomicetos/clasificación , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Bases , Cinchona/química , Endófitos/clasificación , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Indonesia , Quinidina/metabolismo , Quinina/metabolismo , Semillas/química , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
We have investigated the ability of endophytic filamentous fungi associated with Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) to produce Cinchona alkaloids on potato dextrose agar medium and in a synthetic liquid medium. It was found that all twenty-one endophytic fungi produce Cinchona alkaloids, despite their genetic differences.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides de Cinchona/metabolismo , Cinchona/microbiología , Hongos/metabolismo , Hongos/fisiología , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
We report that an endophytic filamentous fungus species of the genus Diaporthe isolated from Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) produces Cinchona alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine) upon cultivation in a synthetic liquid medium. This study provides evidence that Cinchona alkaloids are produced not only in Cinchona plant cells, but also in the endophytic microbe cells, and will help to elucidate the relationship between endophytic microbes and their host plants.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Cinchona/metabolismo , Rubiaceae/microbiología , Ascomicetos/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Alcaloides de Cinchona/química , Alcaloides de Cinchona/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
We investigated the microbial conversion of curcumin (1) using endophytic fungi associated with the rhizome of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). We found that Diaporthe sp., an endophytic filamentous fungus, converts curcumin (1) into four colorless derivatives, namely (3R,5R)-tetrahydrocurcumin (2), a novel (3R,5S)-hexahydrocurcumin (3) named neohexahydrocurcumin, (3S,5S)-octahydrocurcumin (4) and meso-octahydrocurcumin (5).
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Curcuma/microbiología , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/metabolismo , Rizoma/microbiología , Ascomicetos/químicaRESUMEN
We report that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp., isolated from Cinchona ledgeriana and cultivated in a synthetic liquid medium, produces Cinchona alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine). This shows that Cinchona alkaloids are produced not only in Cinchona plant cells, but also in endophytic microbe cells.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides de Cinchona/metabolismo , Cinchona/microbiología , Hongos/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Alcaloides de Cinchona/química , Alcaloides de Cinchona/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/químicaRESUMEN
A new monoterpene glucoside, artemisioside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. (Asteraceae). The chemical structure was elucidated from physicochemical data and by the application of Klyne's rule.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Glucósidos/química , Monoterpenos/químicaRESUMEN
A total of 21 endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from the young stems of Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) cultivated in West Java, Indonesia. They were classified into six genera, namely nine Phomopsis spp., six Diaporthe spp., two Schizophyllum spp., two Penicillium spp., one Fomitopsis sp., and one Arthrinium sp. by using nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) including 5.8S ribosomal DNA region and phylogenetic analysis.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/genética , Cinchona/genética , Cinchona/microbiología , Ascomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/genética , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Extractos Vegetales/genética , Tallos de la PlantaRESUMEN
It has been found that the Penicillium endophytic filamentous fungus with the young stems of Scurrula atroprupurea (Loranthaceae) produces cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and the glycine conjugates.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares/biosíntesis , Glicina/biosíntesis , Loranthaceae/microbiología , Penicillium/metabolismo , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/química , Ácido Cólico/biosíntesis , Ácido Desoxicólico/biosíntesis , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/química , Estructura Molecular , Penicillium/clasificación , Penicillium/genética , Penicillium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta , RibotipificaciónRESUMEN
Two bisanthraquinones named (+)-epicytoskyrin (1) and (+)-1,1'-bislunatin (2) were produced by the endophytic fungus from a tea plant, which is a species closely related to Diaporthe phaseolorum strain sw-93-13. The chemical structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of the physicochemical properties including the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum.
Asunto(s)
Antraquinonas/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Ascomicetos/química , Saponinas/farmacocinética , Té/microbiología , Triterpenos/farmacocinética , Antraquinonas/química , Antraquinonas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Dicroismo Circular , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Obstrucción Intestinal/diagnóstico , Enfisema Subcutáneo/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Adolescente , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/complicaciones , Enfisema Subcutáneo/complicacionesRESUMEN
It has been found by ribosomal DNA analysis that the endophytic filamentous fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) are composed of six groups; one Fusarium sp., one Penicillium sp., two Schizophyllum sp., and two Diaporthe sp..
RESUMEN
The microbial transformation of five flavans (1-5) by endophytic fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis was investigated. It was found that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. oxidized stereoselectively at C-4 position of (+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) to give the correspondent 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (6, 10), respectively. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (3) and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (4) were also oxidized by the fungus into 3,4-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (10, 12) via (-)-epicatechin (2) and (-)-epigallocatechin (11), respectively. Meanwhile, (-)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate (5), (-)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ent-2), which possess a 2S-phenyl substitution, resisted the biotransformation.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/química , Camellia/microbiología , Flavinas/química , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , ADN de Hongos/biosíntesis , ADN de Hongos/genética , Metilación , Oxidación-Reducción , Oxígeno/química , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
The microbial transformation of (+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) by endophytic fungi isolated from a tea plant was investigated. It was found that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. transformed them (1, 2) into the 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives, (+)-(2R,3S,4S)-3,4,5,7,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavan (3) and (-)-(2R,3R,4R)-3,4,5,7,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavan (7), respectively, whereas (-)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ent-2) with a 2S-phenyl group resisted the biooxidation.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/química , Catequina/química , Flavonoides/síntesis química , Té/microbiología , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Five C(16)-alkynic fatty acids (2-6) were prepared and examined their inhibitory effects on cancer cell invasion. It has been found that hexadeca-6,8,10-triynoic acid (5) and hexadeca-8,10,12-triynoic acid (6) exhibit similar potent inhibitory activities with that of octadeca-8,10,12-triynoic acid (1) which was isolated from Scurrula atropurpurea (Loranthaceae).
Asunto(s)
Alquinos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/farmacología , Alquinos/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/química , Loranthaceae , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Six fatty acids (1-6), two xanthines (7, 8), two flavonol glycosides (9, 10), one monoterpene glucoside (11), one lignan glycoside (12), and four flavanes (13-16) were clarified by a bioassay-guided separation as chemical constituents of Scurrula atropurpurea (Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant of the tea plant Thea sinensis (Theaceae). Among these constituents, it was found that the alkynic fatty acid octadeca-8,10,12-triynoic acid (6) exhibits a more potent inhibitory effect on cancer cell invasion in vitro than flavanes [(+)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (15) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (16)].
Asunto(s)
Loranthaceae , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Camellia sinensis , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Indonesia , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The microbial transformation of four Cinchona alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine) by endophytic fungi isolated from Cinchona pubescens was investigated. The endophytic filamentous fungus Xylaria sp. was found to transform the Cinchona alkaloids into their 1-N-oxide derivatives.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides de Cinchona/química , Cinchona/microbiología , Hongos , Óxidos/química , Biotransformación , Cinchona/química , Hongos/química , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Tallos de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/microbiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Total removal of the tumor is the most acceptable therapeutic modality in the management of craniopharyngioma; however, there are innumerable factors that can upset treatment plans. Unresectable lesions are often treated with gamma knife surgery (GKS). Reduction of the cystic volume is necessary, to decrease the area to be treated with GKS. An Ommaya reservoir system is usually placed during open surgery or by stereotactic access. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors use a neuroendoscope for safer and less invasive placement of the Ommaya reservoir into deep-seated cystic lesions. The cystic component is aspirated, and the Ommaya reservoir tube is precisely guided and placed into the cyst cavity under neuroendoscopic control with a newly developed two-burr-hole technique. This neuroendoscopic procedure could make it easier to reduce cystic volume prior to GKS as the final procedure. This technique may also be used for instillation of chemotherapeutic agents and for repeat aspirations, making the achievement of cystic control more likely. This type of neuroendoscopic management is a safe and effective procedure and could be considered as an alternative management technique for some stubborn cystic craniopharyngiomas.