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BACKGROUND: Dairy industry workers face numerous ergonomic risk factors in their workplace, including improper posture, manual material handling, and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Fewstudies have been conducted on the correlation of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue among workers in the dairy industry. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue in a dairy company. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 260 male workers were included in the research based on specific inclusion criteria. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and a researcher-made demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. The posture of workers was evaluated using RULA and REBA software, and the evaluation of the manual lifting of loads was assessed using the WISHA lifting calculator. Finally, the collected data were entered into the SPSS software version 26.0 and analyzed. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant statistical relationship between the level of postural stress and chronic fatigue and a significant positive correlation between MSDs and chronic fatigue. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between MSDs, chronic fatigue, and ergonomics training experience. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study support the notion that high levels of postural stress and MSDs can produce an increase in chronic fatigue among workers, and lack of ergonomics training for workers can increase both MSDs and chronic fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out intervention measures in the field of ergonomics management in similar industries through the implementation of ergonomic intervention programs with a focus on proactive and preventive measures and the use of participatory ergonomic programs and educational demands assessment.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of financial incentives on weight loss, maintain in obese women and biochemical factors. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 103 women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. The participants were assessed over a 12-month follow-up in eight phases. Money payment for losing weight was incentive intervention in this study. The participants were given diet and physical activity. RESULTS: Mean of BMI was 34.78 ± 4.29 kg/m2 in baseline, that reduced to 32.41 ± 3.51 kg/m2 in the sixth phase, and 31.64 ± 3.71 kg/m2 in the final phase (P < 0.001). At baseline, mean of percentage of body fat (PBF) was 40.77 ± 2.81 that reduced to 37.34±4.02 at the end of the study (P < 0.001). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and lean body mass (LBM) decreased significantly over the 12-month (P < 0.001). At the end of each phase, the mean of BMI reduction of 0.39 units was observed in the subjects, and 9 units of change were achieved by the end of the study compared to the baseline. The mean of triglyceride in the first, fourth and seventh phases were 128.57 ± 13.33, 101.43 ± 57.99 and 87.40 ± 57.59 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.003). The mean of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) decreased significantly over the 12-month, P = 0.052 and P = 0.005, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Financial incentives can effectively help to weight loss and maintenance of weight, and improve lipid profiles; blood sugar and liver enzymes. The use of motivational factors with proper training (diet and physical activity) will have a better result.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent disorder associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle and occupation can increase the risk of developing MetS. Since dietary pattern is a major component of lifestyle, this study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) and MetS among food suppliers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 male food suppliers. We measured anthropometric indices, body composition, and blood pressure of the participants. Blood biochemistry was determined using 5 mL fasting blood samples. MetS was defined based on the guidelines described by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). ASF intake, including dairy products, eggs, red meat, poultry, and fish, was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Overall, 46.4% of participants had MetS. Participants who consumed dairy 3∼5 times/d and more than 5 times/d had lower risk of MetS [odds ratios (OR): 0.18 (confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.05∼0.62) and OR: 0.20 (CI 95%: 0.06∼0.67), respectively] compared with participants in the lowest tertile. The risk of hypertension was significantly decreased in participants who consumed dairy products >5 times/d [OR: 0.22 (CI 95%: 0.07∼0.67)]. Other ASFs were not associated against the risk of MetS in crude and adjusted models. Our findings indicated that adhering to dairy products can decrease the risk of MetS. Higher adherence to dairy products was also protective against hypertension in these participants.

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Changes in food consumption patterns during Ramadan may cause metabolic changes, but these have not been well studied. We aimed to determine food intake, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, and body composition before, during, and after Ramadan fasting. METHODS: 160 healthy men were enrolled and investigated at three times (before, at the end of, and 1 month after Ramadan). Body composition was estimated by bio-impedance. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles and insulin level. Insulin resistance (IR) was identified by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of peripheral IR. Food intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire before and during Ramadan. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16 and P < 0.05 considered the level of significance. RESULTS: Anthropometric parameters such as body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage (BFP) as well as FBS and circulating triglycerides were all decreased significantly at the end of Ramadan compared with the same indices measured prior to Ramadan (all P < 0.001). In contrast, at the end of Ramadan, HOMA-IR was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). One month after Ramadan, these traits had all started to return to their pre-Ramadan levels, but were still disrupted. Food intake of all food groups except carbohydrates were decreased during Ramadan. CONCLUSION: Ramadan fasting may lead to both positive and negative health effects such as a decrease in FBS, weight, BFP, and increase in LDL and IR in healthy adults. However, these effects were all transitory.

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A precision instrument is required to assess the nutritional status. This study was conducted on comparison of 3 nutritional questionnaires to determine energy intake (EI) accuracy in adults in Ravansar Non-Communicable Chronic Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 118 of participant's RaNCD. EI was evaluated with 3 questionnaires including food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 24-hours recall (24HR), and food habits questionnaire (FHQ). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry. We used EI/RMR cut off to evaluate EI reporting status. The mean ± standard deviation of age in men and women were 44.1 ± 6.5 and 43.7 ± 5.25 respectively and 50.8% of participants were men. Among 3 EI estimating questionnaires, FFQ was more accurate than 2 other questionnaires (67.8%). We observed that implausible reporters of 24HR were likely overweight (p < 0.005) but we did not observe a significant difference between EI reporting of FFQ and FHQ with participants' body composition. Our finding showed that EI underreporting of 24HR and FHQ were high. Under reporters were seemed to be overweight. Therefore, these results suggested that among 3 nutritional questionnaires the FFQ was an appropriate approach to determine EI in this population due to plausible EI reporting was higher than 2 other nutritional questionnaires (24HR and FHQ).