RESUMEN
This study investigated the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels with rapid decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes (T2 DM) patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted in a community-based hospital in Vietnam. We followed 405 T2DM patients with normal kidney function for five years. Rapid progression of kidney function was defined as an average annual decrease of eGFR of at least 4 mL/min/1.73 m2 and was found in 16.0% of patients. Patients in the SUA high tertile ( ≥6 mg/dL) had higher BMI (p = 0.004), lower HbA1c (p = 0.001), lower eGFR (p < 0.001) and higher rate of hypertension than low and middle tertile. After adjusting for age and sex, rapid progression of renal function was significantly associated with SUA level (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.45, p = 0.026). This association was marginally significant when more covariates were included in the model (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.99-1.46, p = 0.065). However, the association between tertiles of SUA and rapid decline of eGFR was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates neither a strong significant association between SUA and rapid decline of eGFR nor evidence to refuse the role of SUA levels in the increased risk of renal function decline in in T2DM patients.
RESUMEN
The Bacillus subtilis group comprises species known for their ability to produce a wide variety of antimicrobial peptides. This work focuses on bacilysin, a broad-spectrum active dipeptide, and its prevalence in the B. subtilis group. In silico genome analysis of strains from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and B. subtilis subspecies inaquosorum, spizizenii and subtilis revealed that the bacilysin gene cluster is present in all species except for B. licheniformis. This observation was corroborated by PCR detection of the bacilysin genetic determinants on a collection of 168 food and environmental strains from the B. subtilis group. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that the bacilysin gene cluster sequence showed more than 80 % identity within each species of the B. subtilis group. An in vitro screening of the strain collection was performed against foodborne pathogens. Twenty-three strains were selected for their ability of their Cell-Free Supernatant to inhibit foodborne pathogens. After an ammonium sulphate precipitation of their supernatant, eight strains, all belonging to B. velezensis, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, the presence of bacilysin was confirmed in these eight precipitates. These findings provide evidence that bacilysin is a major player in the antagonistic activity of B. velezensis against Gram-negative foodborne pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus subtilis , Dipéptidos , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Bacillus , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Filogenia , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
AIMS: This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients who had type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in 467 outpatients in a community-based hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Serum creatinine were tested twice, at two occasions at least 3 months apart. The confirmatory eGFR was the average of the two eGFR of which the difference was ≤20%. The mean urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was calculated from two consecutive early morning specimens. RESULTS: Most patients were female with a mean age of 61.7 (8.0) years. Albuminuria was found in 40% of participants, and the prevalence of decreased eGFR was 7.5% (n=35). Individuals with declined eGFR were older (p<0.001), had duration of diabetes longer (p=0.025), higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.010) and higher acid uric level (p<0.001), increased albumin excretion (p=0.009), and more proliferative retinopathy (p=0.011) than those with non-declined eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: Although decreased eGFR in type 2 diabetes patients was not prevalent, the strategies to prevent the progressive decline of GFR should be done to prevent patients from progressing to advanced renal disease.