RESUMEN
The plant Caralluma edulis is traditionally used against diabetes and inflammatory conditions in Pakistan. This study was designed to provide scientific validation of the traditional use of Caralluma edulis. Phytochemicals were extracted from the plant by different solvents (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone) using the Soxhlet's extraction method. Bioactive compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP reducing activity) of different extracts from Caralluma edulis were assessed. The antidiabetic potential of Caralluma edulis plant extracts was determined in acute and subacute diabetic rabbit models. Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status were also estimated in MDA, CAT, and SOD levels. Results showed that the methanol extract yielded the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant potential of the methanol extract were the highest among the tested solvents. The tested extracts did not show any remarkable antidiabetic activity in the acute diabetic model. However, all tested extracts demonstrated antidiabetic potential in the subacute diabetic model. No adverse effect was observed at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) of Caralluma edulis extracts in experimental animals. It is concluded that methanol is the key solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from Caralluma edulis. The plant can be used against inflammatory disorders and may prove a potential candidate for drug development. Long-term use of Caralluma edulis at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) showed antidiabetic properties in the animal model.
Asunto(s)
Apocynaceae , Diabetes Mellitus , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/química , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Metanol , Fitoquímicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Conejos , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite many liver disorders, clinically useful drugs are scarce. Moreover, the available therapies are facing the challenges of efficacy and safety. Alhagi camelorum has been used in folk medicine globally for millennia to treat several ailments. Alhagi camelorum (Ac) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Our goal was to determine the hepatoprotective activity of Alhagi camelorum against valproic acid induced hepatotoxicity using an animal model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The animals were segregated in 4-groups (6 male rats each) weighing 250-290 g. Group-1 animals were treated with normal saline, Group-2 animals were treated with VPA at the dose of 500 mg/kg i.p for 14 days consecutively, while Group-3 and 4 were treated with valproic acid (VPA) at the dose of 500 mg/kg i.p for 14 days along with 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Ac hydroalcoholic extract respectively. Subsequently, blood serum samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to screen for phytochemical classes and HPLC analysis was conducted to screen polyphenols. The antioxidant activity was carried by different assays such as DPPH, SOD, NO etc. KEY RESULTS: The administration of Ac showed hepatoprotection at the doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg. Ac significantly reduces the elevated serum levels of liver biomarkers compared to the valproic acid-induced hepatotoxic group. These findings were confirmed with histopathological changes where Ac was capable of reversing the toxic effects of valproic acid on liver cells CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Ac showed significant hepatoprotective effects at different doses in the animal model used in this study.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Fabaceae , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Hígado , Masculino , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ácido Valproico/toxicidadRESUMEN
SSTIs (Skin and soft tissue infections) are the most commonly occurring infections among all age groups. This study aimed to create an herbal emulgel for the treatment of bacterial skin infections as many bacteria have developed strong resistance against antibiotics. Spilanthe acmella plant extract contains spilanthol which has strong anti-bacterial properties. Methanolic S. acmella extract-based emulgels being promising drug delivery systems have been evaluated for various parameters like physical characteristics, viscosity, pH, spreading coefficient, Bioadhesive strength determination, Extrudability, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. 200µg/100µl exhibited the highest antioxidative activity 60.01±0.28% radical scavenging activity. MIC values of pure extract found in the range of 0.83±0.21 to 1.66±0.41µg/100µl, MBC values found in the range of 1.66±0.41 to 3.33±0.83µg/100µl for all strains of bacteria. Statistically significant antibacterial activity of all extract containing emulgels was observed against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli p-value = 0.00, while maximum antibacterial effect all formulations have produaced zone of inhibitions against E. Coli p-value = 0.00. The current study thus suggests the use of S. acmella extract-based emulgel for the treatment of bacterial skin infections caused by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Alhagi camelorum (AC) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The overuse of cisplatin (Cis > 50 mg/m2) is associated with observed nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. Remedial measures are needed for the protection of nephrotoxicity against cisplatin. Thus, we investigated the nephroprotective effects of AC plant extract to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. The presence of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins was revealed during phytochemical investigation, and a significantly intense antioxidant activity was recorded. There were no toxicological symptoms in the treated rats, and no anatomical, physiological, or histological abnormalities were found compared to the control rats. The results of correcting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity revealed that the extract has a significant ability to treat kidney damage, with most parameters returning to normal after only three weeks of therapy. It is concluded that co-administration of cisplatin with AC extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a dose of 600 mg/kg for Cis-induced nephrotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Animales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Jasminum sambac (L.) is a South Asian folkloric medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to treat cardiovascular problems. The current investigation was meticulously organized to explore the pharmacological foundation for the medicinal uses of J. sambac pertaining to cardiovascular ailments and to investigate the core mechanisms. Mechanistic investigation revealed that crude leaf extract of J. sambac produced ex-vivo vasorelaxant effects in endotheliumintact aorta ring preparation and hypotensive effect was recorded via pressure and force transducers coupled to the Power Lab Data Acquisition System. Moreover; J. sambac showed cardioprotective effects against adrenaline -induced left ventricular hypertrophy in rabbits observed hemodynamic. CK-MB, LDH, troponin, CRP, ALT, AST, ALP levels were shown to be lower in the myocardial infarction model, as were necrosis, oedema, and inflammatory cell recruitment in comparison to control. J. sambac has shown good antioxidant potential as well as prolonged the noradrenaline induced platelet adhesion. The vasorelaxant and cardioprotective effects in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments, which are enabled by activation of muscarinic receptor and/or releasing the nitric oxide and by reducing the adrenaline, induced oxidative stress, justifying its usage in cardiovascular disorders.
Asunto(s)
Flores , Jasminum , Vasodilatadores , Animales , Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , ConejosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of oxidant, antioxidant and serum enzymes in thalassaemic children receiving multiple blood transfusions. METHODS: The case-control study was done from February to August 2012, and comprised thalassaemic children receiving multiple blood transfusions at Allied Hospital, Ali Zeb Foundation, and the Thalassaemia Centre in Hilal-e-Ahmar Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Healthy subjects were also screened for any related disease condition that could prejudice the results. Blood samples were analysed for the values of total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, serum malondialdehyde, catalase, paraoxonase, arylesterase, glutathione peroxidase and ceruloplasmin. RESULTS: There were 180 children in the study; 90(50%) cases and 90(50%) controls. Of the cases, 48(53.3%) were under-weight while the weight of 42(46.7%) was in the normal range. The values of total oxidant status and total antioxidant capacity were significantly (p<0.01) higher in thalassaemic children compared to normal values. Serum malondialdehyde and catalase levels were also considerably elevated (p<0.05), suggesting the increased activity of these enzymes. However, the concentrations of serum paraoxonase, arylesterase, glutathione peroxidase were significantly (p<0.01) lower in cases than the controls, displaying diminished activities during multiple blood transfusions in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple blood transfusions disconcert the levels of oxidants, antioxidants and serum enzymes of thalassaemic children. Oxidative damage is seen because of the increased iron overload in these patients. Hence, regular evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant status should be monitored in thalassaemic patients during initial few years of life.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Transfusión Sanguínea , Oxidantes/sangre , Talasemia/enzimología , Arildialquilfosfatasa/sangre , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/sangre , Ceruloplasmina/metabolismo , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Talasemia/metabolismo , Talasemia/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the effect of human urine in the treatment of wounds, burns and irritation. METHODS: The study was conducted at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, in November 2013 and comprised 15 rabbits of either gender. Irritation was induced by clockwise frictional movement of fine sandpaper to the ear of the rabbits. The counter-irritant activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in redness and erythema. A group of 3 rabbits each was used while experimenting with the main assay every time the concentration of irritants was increased. The ear treated with distilled water was used as a control. Sodium lauryl sulfate irritation model was also applied and the counter-irritant activity was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean weight of the 15 rabbits was 1.5+/-SD kg. Urine (50 and 100µl) showed excellent counter-irritant activity when compared with control and standard dexamethasone. Both the doses showed counter-irritant activity, ranging between 76.84% and 95.68% in the sandpaper model, and 68.90% and 93.68% in the sodium lauryl sulfate model. CONCLUSION: Human urine countered the effect of irritation in experimental animals and can be an alternative way of countering irritation.