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Despite the rapid growth in inclusive university programs, access to inclusive higher education is still limited for students with intellectual disability (ID). This article explores the perspectives of 34 students with ID on their motives for accessing the inclusion and job placement programs at three Spanish universities and the external factors that contributed to their studying at the university. The study used a qualitative methodology based on a phenomenological approach using semi-structured interviews that had previously been validated and piloted. The data were analyzed using an inductive category and code system. The results addressed four questions: What is the participant's academic pathway? What is their job profile? What are their reasons for studying at the university? What are the external factors that influenced their studying at the university? The study concludes that higher education can be an invaluable tool to foster the workplace inclusion of individuals with ID and promote their independent living. Furthermore, the family, organizations, and third-sector entities, as well as collaboration among them, emerged as key contextual factors for access to higher education and the personal and professional development of individuals with ID.

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When research involves people, ethics are fundamental. In the health and social sciences, when qualitative methodologies are used, in addition to ensuring an ethical process approved by the ethics review board, it is also necessary to guarantee an ethical practice capable of responding adequately to the complex questions and dilemmas which arise as the study progresses. This theoretical article analyses some of the most sensitive issues involved in qualitative research and discusses the following questions: (a) How should ethics be approached when working with vulnerable groups? (b) Is informed consent enough? (c) Should we rethink anonymity? (d) What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity? (e) What exactly do we mean by relational ethics? (f) How can we avoid hurting people, yet remain honest? In the conclusions, we discuss some basic aspects for ensuring ethical studies. This paper, therefore, may be of interest to all health and social researchers concerned about ensuring that their studies comply with ethical principles which recognise, protect and respect participants' rights.

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This paper explores the experiences of 19 Spanish faculty members teaching nursing students with disabilities and their recommendations to other colleagues about how to facilitate their retention and success. Students themselves nominated those faculty members they felt had contributed to their learning at university. We carried out a qualitative study with individual interviews and observations. We conducted an analysis of all the information using a system of categories and codes with different themes: experience teaching students with disabilities, personal and professional impact on the faculty and recommendations to other colleagues. The findings indicate that the participants had positive experiences teaching nursing students with disabilities, although they also commented on negative aspects. The impact of students with disabilities was greater at the professional level, as they had helped them become better professionals. Moreover, these participants gave recommendations to help other colleagues contribute to the inclusion of all their students. The study concludes that it is necessary to engage in inclusive pedagogy that contemplates students' needs and develops practices that allow for their learning and participation. Just like their peers, students with disabilities can successfully complete their degrees providing the necessary support is offered, and this includes sensitized, well-informed and properly-trained faculty.

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In this study, we analyse the characteristics that define an ideal school, from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities. we carried out an inclusive research qualitative study with 36 Spanish adults with intellectual disabilities. Information from individual interviews about educational inclusion was summarized on to notecards, allowing participants to place messages into categories on a poster board. Identified themes included facilities and resources; values and rules; intimidation; what students learn; how students learn best; exams; teachers; and classmates. Results highlight the importance of inclusive values and the need for a curriculum that meets the needs of all students.

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The affective-emotional dimension may constitute a key element in teaching and learning processes. It is linked to relationship between faculty and students and may help foster students with disabilities' motivation to learn and remain at university. This is the approach adopted in this article, which aims to fill a gap detected in the literature, since very little attention has hitherto been paid to motivation, emotion and the importance of faculty-student relationships in the learning processes of students with disabilities. In this study, 119 faculty members from 10 Spanish universities who engage in inclusive practices in all areas of knowledge recounted, in response to questions asked during a semi-structured interview, how they motivated and related to their students. The conclusion reached is that students with disabilities are more motivated than their fellow classmates, meaning that very few extra actions need to be taken to engage them in the learning process. Nevertheless, participants reported having a knowledge of strategies based on motivation and emotion and using them to develop a sense of belonging among students, thus fostering their learning.

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Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo era diseñar, desarrollar y evaluar un programa de formación sobre educación inclusiva y discapacidad dirigido al profesorado universitario. Mediante el uso de una metodología cualitativa, se realizó la evaluación en tres momentos: una evaluación inicial de las necesidades de formación de los participantes; una evaluación de proceso durante el desarrollo del programa; y una evaluación final de los resultados una vez concluida la formación. Los instrumentos empleados para la recogida de datos fueron la entrevista semi-estructurada individual y grupal, el cuestionario abierto y la observación. Este trabajo ofrece una visión sobre las principales necesidades de formación de los 20 participantes y cómo el programa da respuesta a éstas, exponiendo los aprendizajes más relevantes adquiridos por los docentes y contrastándolos con la situación de partida. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se expone una discusión de los resultados con otras investigaciones previas.

This article presents the results of a research whose objective was to design, develop and evaluate a training program on inclusive education and disability aimed at university teaching staff. Through the use of a qualitative methodology, the evaluation was carried out in three moments: an initial evaluation of the training needs of the participants; a process evaluation during the development of the program; and a final evaluation of the results once the training is completed. The instruments used for the data collection were the semi-structured individual and group interview, the open questionnaire and the observation. This work offers a vision about the main training needs of the 20 participants and how the program responds to them, exposing the most relevant learning acquired by the teachers and contrasting them with the starting situation. Finally, the conclusions show a discussion of the results of other previous investigations.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era conceber, desenvolver e avaliar um programa de formação sobre educação inclusiva e deficiência dirigido aos professores universitários. Mediante o uso de uma metodologia qualitativa, realizou-se a avaliação em três momentos: avaliação inicial das necessidades de formação dos participantes; avaliação do processo durante o desenvolvimento do programa e avaliação final dos resultados uma vez concluída a formação. Os instrumentos empregados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista semiestruturada individual e grupal, o questionário aberto e a observação. Este estudo oferece uma visão sobre as principais necessidades de formação dos 20 participantes e como o programa da resposta a estas, expondo as aprendizagens mais relevantes adquiridos pelos docentes e confrontando-as com a situação de inicial. Finalmente, nas conclusões se expõe uma discussão dos resultados com outras pesquisas prévias.

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This paper describes the knowledge gained by 20 faculty members following their participation in a training program on inclusive education and disability. The study, which was conducted at an university in Spain, aimed to design, implement and evaluate a program for training faculty members to respond in an inclusive manner to the needs of students with disabilities. An initial, formative and summative qualitative evaluation was carried out and four instruments were used for collecting the data: group and individual interviews, written open-ended questionnaires and observations. The data were analyzed inductively, using a category and code system. The results reveal that, after the training program, faculty considered what they had learned to be useful for their professional practice and highlighted that they felt better-informed and better-trained in relation to disability and were more aware of the needs of students with disabilities. Finally, in the conclusions section, the paper discusses the results in relation to those reported by other studies, and offers some recommendations for universities planning to implement training policies designed to build more inclusive learning environments.

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