RESUMEN

Background: The coexistence of heart failure and diabetes is prevalent, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICU). However, the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, heart failure, diabetes, and the length of hospital stay (LHS) in patients with cerebrovascular disease in the ICU remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the association between the TyG index and LHS in patients with heart failure and diabetes. Methods: This retrospective study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database to analyze patients with diabetes and heart failure. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on the TyG index, and the primary outcome was LHS. The association between the TyG index at ICU admission and LHS was examined through multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline regression, and subgroup analysis. Results: The study included 635 patients with concurrent diabetes and heart failure. The fully adjusted model demonstrated a positive association between the TyG index and LHS. As a tertile variable (Q2 and Q3 vs Q1), the beta (ß) values were 0.88 and 2.04, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of -0.68 to 2.44 and 0.33 to 3.74, respectively. As a continuous variable, per 1 unit increment, the ß (95% CI) was 1.13 (0.18 to 2.08). The TyG index's relationship with LHS showed linearity (non-linear p = 0.751). Stratified analyses further confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Conclusion: The TyG index exhibited a linearly positive association with the LHS in patients with both heart failure and diabetes. Nevertheless, prospective, randomized, controlled studies are imperative to substantiate and validate the findings presented in this investigation.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Tiempo de Internación , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Triglicéridos/sangre , Anciano , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años

RESUMEN

Ten previously undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, namely hemslyencins A-F (1-6) and hemslyencosides A-D (7-10), together with twenty previously reported compounds (11-30), were isolated from the tubers of Hemsleya chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by unambiguous spectroscopic data (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data). Hemslyencins A and B (1 and 2) possessing unique 9, 11-seco-ring system with a six-membered lactone moiety, were the first examples among of the cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, and hemslyencins C and D (3 and 4) and hemslyencoside D (10) are the infrequent pentacyclic cucurbitane triterpenes featuring a 6/6/6/5/6 fused system. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated against MCF-7, HCT-116, HeLa, and HepG2 cancer cells, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) was discussed as well. Compounds 17, 25, and 26 showed significant cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 9.89 µM, among which compound 25 induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose dependent manner against MCF-7 cells.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Triterpenos , Humanos , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química , Glicósidos/química , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Células HeLa , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore the prenatal diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and perinatal outcomes of placenta accreta spectrum in different placental locations. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Pregnant women who delivered at two tertiary referral hospitals from January 2013 to December 2022 and were ultimately pathologically diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum were included. They were divided into three groups based on different placental locations (anterior, posterior, and lateral wall/fundus). The differences in prenatal diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and perinatal outcomes among the three groups were compared. Results: There were 115,470 deliveries in a ten-year period at the two hospitals, and 118 case patients were confirmed to have a pathologically diagnosed placenta accreta spectrum. The posterior placenta group had a lower rate of placenta previa (76.9% vs 94.9% vs 100%, p<0.05) and a higher gestational age at delivery (36.4±2.45 vs 34.91±1.76 vs 34.31±3.41, p<0.05) compared to the other two groups. The anterior placenta group had a significantly higher rate of invasive (increta/percreta) form placenta accreta spectrum (81.4% vs 36.5% vs 28.6%, p<0.05) and planned cesarean section (96.6% vs 80.8% vs 71.4%, p<0.05) compared to the other two groups. In terms of prenatal diagnosis, the anterior placenta group had a significantly higher rate of placenta accreta spectrum prenatal suspicion rate compared to the other two groups (86.4% vs 36.5% vs 57.1%, p<0.05). The posterior placenta group had a lower rate of preoperative abdominal aortic balloon placement compared to the other two groups (5.8% vs 28.8% vs 28.6%, p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in primary perinatal outcomes, though the anterior placenta group had a longer postoperative hospital stay. Conclusion: The prenatal diagnosis rate and proportion of invasive form of placenta accreta spectrum occurring in non-anterior placenta are relatively lower than anterior placenta. There were no significant differences in major perinatal outcomes among the three groups.

RESUMEN

Background Abnormal regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells is regarded as the iconic pathological change of aortic dissection (AD). Herein, we aim to identify circ_0022920 as a crucial regulator in AD. Methods and Results Microarray analysis of circular RNAs, messenger RNAs, and micro RNAs in patients with AD was performed, and we identified that circ_0022920 was significantly downregulated in these patients. The Pearson correlation analysis uncovered the negative correlation between miR-650 and circ_0022920 or TGFßR1 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 1). Angiotensin II was used to treat human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and mice as models for AD. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used to analyze AD histopathology. Cell proliferation was analyzed with Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and EdU incorporation. Cell migration was assessed with transwell and wound healing assays. Enhanced circ_0022920 expression dramatically inhibited HASMC proliferation and migration and maintained contractile marker expression induced by angiotensin II, whereas miR-650 exerted opposite effects. MiR-650 was a target of circ_0022920. MiR-650 targeted IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) and thus negatively regulated TGFßR1 expression to promote HASMC proliferation and migration and inhibit contractile marker expression. Circ_0022920 suppressed the progression of AD in vivo. Conclusions Circ_0022920 modulates the contractile phenotype of HASMCs via regulating the miR-650-IRF1-TGFßR1 axis in angiotensin II-induced models for AD, which provides potential therapeutic targets for AD.

Asunto(s)

Disección Aórtica , MicroARNs , ARN Circular , Receptor Tipo I de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Aorta , Disección Aórtica/genética , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , MicroARNs/genética , Músculo Liso Vascular , ARN Circular/genética , Receptor Tipo I de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética

RESUMEN

Five new C21 -steroidal sapogenins (1-5) named cynotogenins J-N, were isolated from the acid hydrolysate of Cynanchum otophyllum roots. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR). Most notably, compounds 1-3 harboring a rare 5ß,6ß-epoxy group in the C21 -steroidal skeleton of Cynanchum plants. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against multiple cancer cell lines, in which compounds 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells with IC50 values of 44.90 µM.

Asunto(s)

Cynanchum , Sapogeninas , Cynanchum/química , Glicósidos/química , Esteroides/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Raíces de Plantas/química , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

A series of novel D-ring fused or substituted steroidal N-heterocycles were synthesized, and their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The anticancer activity of these compounds against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, H1299, HeLa and HepG2) were evaluated and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also investigated. Compound 3c displayed significant inhibitory activity on the four cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.88 to 10.05 µM. Overall, these studies indicated that construction of N-heterocyclic system with D-ring substituted containing a double bond at C-16 and C-17 or D-ring fused with [17,16-d]azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine could be a promising strategy to improve antitumor activity for steroids deserved further investigation.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/química , Pirimidinas/química , Esteroides/farmacología , Esteroides/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células HeLa , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Estructura Molecular , Proliferación Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral

RESUMEN

Doxorubicin (DOX) as a first-line chemotherapeutic drug has been widely used for therapy of human cancers. However, side effects and chemo-resistance severely blocked its clinic application. Herein, natural borneol (NB) as a novel monoterpenoid chemosensitizer was found to have the potential to increase the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and intracellular uptake of DOX in vitro, and synergistically enhanced DOX-induced cytotoxicity in human glioma cells. NB treatment significantly potentiated DOX-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. NB also enhanced DOX-induced dysfunction of MAPKs and PI3 K/AKT pathways. Furthermore, U251 human glioma xenograft growth in vivo was also effectively inhibited by combined treatment of DOX with NB through induction of G2/M-phase arrest and antiangiogenesis. Taken together, our finding validated that NB could act as novel chemosensitizer to enhance DOX-induced anticancer efficacy, and strategy of using NB and DOX could be a high efficient way in therapy of human cancers.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Canfanos/uso terapéutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Glioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Canfanos/química , Canfanos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Daño del ADN , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Glioma/patología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones Desnudos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a brain dysfunction characterized by neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, and executive function. Maternal obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the offspring has been suggested to have detrimental consequences for offspring cognitive function through its effect on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal obesity and offspring HFD exposure on the brain metabolome of the offspring. METHODS: In our pilot study, a LepRdb/+ mouse model was used to model pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and the c57bl/6 wildtype was used as a control group. Offspring were fed either a HFD or a low-fat control diet (LFD) after weaning (between 8 and 10 weeks). The Mirrors water maze was performed between 28 and 30 weeks to measure cognitive function. Fatty acid metabolomic profiles of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from the offspring at 30-32 weeks were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The memory of male offspring from obese maternal mice, consuming a HFD post-weaning, was significantly impaired when compared to the control offspring mice. No significant differences were observed in female offspring. In male mice, the fatty acid metabolites in the prefrontal cortex were most affected by maternal obesity, whereas, the fatty acid metabolites in the hippocampus were most affected by the offspring's diet. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly affected in both the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, as a result of maternal obesity and a HFD in the offspring. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the combination of maternal obesity and HFD in the offspring can result in spatial cognitive deficiency in the male offspring, by influencing the fatty acid metabolite profiles in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Further research is needed to validate the results of our pilot study.

Asunto(s)

Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proyectos Piloto , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Embarazo

RESUMEN

Four flavonoids including apigenin-7,4'-dimethylether, genkwanin, quercetin, and kaempferol were isolated in a preparative or semi-preparative scale from the leaves of wild Aquilaria sinensis using an improved preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography apparatus. The separations were performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate, methanol-water at suitable volume ratios. The obtained fractions were analyzed by HPLC, and the identification of each target compound was carried out by ESI-MS and NMR. The yields of the above four target flavonoids were 4.7, 10.0, 11.0 and 4.4%, respectively. All these four flavonoids exhibited nitrite scavenging activities with the clearance rate of 12.40 ± 0.20%, 5.84 ± 0.03%, 28.10 ± 0.17% and 5.19 ± 0.11%, respectively. Quercetin was originally isolated from the Thymelaeaceae family, while kaempferol was isolated from the Aquilaria genus for the first time. In cytotoxicity test these two flavonoids exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against HepG2 cells with the IC50 values of 12.54 ± 1.37 and 38.63 ± 4.05 µM, respectively.

Asunto(s)

Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Thymelaeaceae/química , Antineoplásicos/análisis , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hojas de la Planta/química

RESUMEN

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that is first diagnosed during pregnancy in the absence of existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Early screening tools for GDM are currently unavailable, but metabolomics is a promising approach for detecting biomarkers of GDM. This review evaluates recent GDM studies employing metabolomic techniques, highlighting the challenges in those studies and envisions the future directions for metabolomic study of GDM. A diverse range of predictive markers and dysregulated metabolic pathways have been associated with the pathogenesis of GDM, but these findings have lacked reproducibility among studies. The case-control study design has been most frequently employed in the studies of GDM, and most of them used specimens acquired in mid-pregnancy. However, this approach might not be adequate to recognise the complexity of the condition. The sample size in some of the studies is limited, and this may result in findings from a participant set that is not representative of the general population. Therefore, we propose that future metabolomic studies pertaining to GDM use a cross-platform approach employing unified diagnostic criteria, a longitudinal cohort, and innovative data processing methods to allow for full-scale identification and comprehensive coverage of the metabolome. In addition, the relationship between the exposure to environmental chemicals such as endocrine disruptors and the development of GDM should be further investigated in future studies.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Redes y Vías Metabólicas/fisiología , Metaboloma , Metabolómica/métodos , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/instrumentación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatología , Diabetes Gestacional/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Metabolómica/instrumentación , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tamaño de la Muestra , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/instrumentación , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos

RESUMEN

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy­specific disorder, which is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. A lower increase of estrogen, compared with the increase in progesterone, is associated with pathogenesis of the disease during pregnancy. G­protein­coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) mediates the action of estrogen, however remains to be investigated in preeclampsia. The levels of GPR30 were measured in placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. GPR30 expression was additionally measured in placental HTR8/SVneo cells following 17ß­estrogen (E2) treatment in normal or hypoxia­reoxygenation conditions by western blotting. In addition, the outgrowth of HTR8/SVneo cells following E2 treatment in hypoxia­reoxygenation conditions was measured. Levels of GPR30 were significantly reduced in placentae from women with preeclampsia as compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. Treatment with E2 significantly increased the expression of GPR30 in HTR8/SVneo cells, in normal and hypoxia­reoxygenation conditions. Furthermore, treatment with E2 increased the outgrowth of HTR8/SVneo cells in hypoxia­reoxygenation conditions. The present study demonstrated lowered placental expression of GPR30 in preeclampsia. Estrogen treatment increases GPR30 expression in extravillous trophoblast and GPR30 may be involved in extravillous trophoblast invasion.

Asunto(s)

Placenta/metabolismo , Preeclampsia/genética , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Adulto , Benzodioxoles/farmacología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Hipoxia de la Célula/genética , Línea Celular , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Placenta/efectos de los fármacos , Placenta/patología , Preeclampsia/metabolismo , Preeclampsia/patología , Embarazo , Quinolinas/farmacología , Receptores de Estrógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Tejidos , Trofoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Trofoblastos/patología

RESUMEN

The placenta is the exchange organ between the mother and the fetus. The inadequate function of this organ is associated with a number of pregnancy disorders. Hypoxia and oxidative stress during placental development may induce endothelial dysfunction, resulting in the reduction in the perfusion of the placenta. During pregnancy, the levels of estrogen are increased. Decreased estrogen levels have been reported in women with preeclampsia. However, whether estrogen is involved in placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of estrogen on endothelial cell tube formation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with 17­ß­estradiol under conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The total pipe length of the tube­like structure on endothelial cells was measured. The expression levels of G­protein­coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt were also measured in the endothelial cells following treatment with 17­ß­estradiol under H/R conditions by western blot analysis and immunostaining. We found that the total pipe length of the tube­like structure on endothelial cells was significantly reduced. This reduction was reversed by treatment with 17­ß­estradiol. The expression of GPR30 in endothelial cells was significantly increased following treatment with 17­ß­estradiol under H/R conditions. Furthermore, the levels of eNOS and Akt in endothelial cells were also significantly increased following treatment with 17-ß-estradiol under H/R conditions. The activation of eNOS was inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt. Our data thus demonstrate that estrogen prevents the failure of endothelial cell tube formation induced by H/R. GPR30 plays an important role in these protective effects through the activation of eNOS and Akt in endothelial cells. Our data suggest that increased levels of estrogen are important for placental angiogenesis.

Asunto(s)

Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Estradiol/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Hipoxia de la Célula , Células Endoteliales/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This paper describes a low-cost, sensitive, visual and rapid immunochromatographic assay method on cotton thread for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection by using novel carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticles (CNT/GNPs) nanocomposite reporter probe. CEA, a lung cancer protein biomarker, was used as analyte to demonstrate the principle of the immunochromatographic assay on cotton thread biosensor. In the presence of target CEA, the decreasing aggregation amount of CNT/GNPs nanocomposite reporter probes on the test zone induced directly readout by naked eye. Meanwhile, quantitative detection could be performed conveniently with a commercial available scanner. The performance with respect to sensitivity of the method was greatly improved by 2-3 magnitudes comparing with traditional gold nanoparticles (GNPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reporter probe. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor was capable of detecting 2.32 ng/mL CEA (S/N ≥ 3) which is sensitive enough for clinical diagnosis. These results indicated the novel CNT/GNPs nanocomposite reporter probe based immunochromatographic assay on cotton thread is particularly suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited regions.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas Biosensibles , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/análisis , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanotubos de Carbono , Oro , Textiles

RESUMEN

In this article, a novel immunochromatographic assay method on cotton thread based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reporter probe was successfully prepared for visual and rapid detection of a lung cancer related biomarker, human ferritin antigen. A model system comprising ferritin as an analyte was used to demonstrate the protocol of the cotton thread immunoassay device. The device can detect at least 50ng/mL human ferritin antigen, which improved the sensitivity approximately by 500 folds comparing with previous point-of-care test report based on carbon nanotubes as reporter probe. The CNTs reporter probe combined with cotton thread device based biosensor provided an alternative path for clinical diagnosis of other protein or nucleic acid biomarkers.

Asunto(s)

Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Fibra de Algodón , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Ferritinas/análisis , Ferritinas/química , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological state of glucose intolerance associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and an increased risk of developing maternal type 2 diabetes later in life. The mechanisms underlying GDM development are not fully understood. We examined the pathophysiology of GDM through comprehensive metabolic profiling of maternal urine, using participants from a longitudinal cohort of normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by GDM. METHODS: Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, an untargeted metabolomics study was performed to explore the differences in the urinary metabolome of GDM cases and healthy controls over the course of pregnancy. Multilevel statistical approaches were employed to address the complex metabolomic data obtained from a longitudinal cohort. RESULTS: The results indicated that tryptophan and purine metabolism was associated with GDM. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway was activated in the GDM subjects before placental hormones or the fetoplacental unit could have produced any physiological effect. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, xanthosine, and 1-methylhypoxanthine were all elevated in the urine metabolome of subjects with GDM. Catabolism of purine nucleosides leads ultimately to the production of uric acid, which discriminated the subjects with GDM from controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the notion that GDM may be a predisposed condition, or prediabetic state, which is manifested during pregnancy. This challenges the conventional view of the pathogenesis of GDM, which assumes placental hormones are the major causes of insulin resistance in GDM.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/orina , Metabolómica , Purinas/metabolismo , Triptófano/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , China , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Análisis Multivariante , Embarazo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a milder degree of hyperglycaemia diagnosed during pregnancy that can lead to serious, long-term consequences for both mother and foetus. The pathophysiology of GDM is not fully understood. The number of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM has been steadily increasing, but effective screening tools for early risk stratification are still missing. The emerging field of metabolomics has the potential to provide new insights and as a result is increasingly being used in studies of GDM. However, no study to date has investigated the longitudinal changes associated with GDM as pregnancy progresses. We investigated maternal plasma of a longitudinal cohort of normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by GDM. METHODS: Based on ultra-performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, an untargeted metabolomics study was performed to explore the changes in the plasma metabolome of GDM cases and healthy controls. Innovative sample preparation and multilevel statistical methods were employed to enhance our ability to analyse the longitudinal plasma samples by LC-MS. RESULTS: A number of polyunsaturated or chemically modified phospholipids were significantly lower in the plasma of pregnant women that developed GDM when compared to healthy controls, while no difference was observed for the saturated phospholipids. The reduction of these lipid species in the participants that developed GDM could be detected as early in the first trimester and the changes were independent of the stage of gestation and the steroid hormones in the plasma. CONCLUSIONS: These differences observed in our study were detected well before the onset of GDM, and might provide further insights into the etiology or pathophysiology of GDM.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Fosfolípidos/química , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Metabolómica/métodos , Fosfolípidos/aislamiento & purificación , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo/sangre , Esteroides/sangre , Xenobióticos/sangre

RESUMEN

Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy will affect the outcomes for the mother and the baby. Many analyses of the relationship between diet and outcome are often based on a single or a few food items or nutrients. However, foods are not consumed in isolation and dietary patterns can be used to assess the whole diet consumed. The use of dietary pattern analysis to understand nutritional intake and pregnancy outcome is becoming more and more popular. Many published studies have showed the association between maternal dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome. This review examined articles about the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome. As a modifiable factor, dietary patterns may be more applicable to clinical and pregnant health interventions.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Estado Nutricional , Resultado del Embarazo , Adulto , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo

RESUMEN

We reported here for the first time on the use of cotton thread combined with novel gold nanoparticle trimer reporter probe for low-cost, sensitive and rapid detection of a lung cancer related biomarker, human ferritin. A model system comprising ferritin as an analyte and a pair of monoclonal antibodies was used to demonstrate the proof-of-concept on the dry-reagent natural cotton thread immunoassay device. Results indicated that the using of novel gold nanoparticle trimer reporter probe greatly improved the sensitivity comparing with traditional gold nanoparticle reporter probe on the cotton thread immunoassay device. The assay avoids multiple incubation and washing steps performed in most conventional protein analyses. Although qualitative tests are realized by observing the color change of the test zone, quantitative data are obtained by recording the optical responses of the test zone with a commercial scanner and corresponding analysis software. Under optimal conditions, the cotton thread immunoassay device was capable of measuring 10 ng/mL human ferritin under room temperature which is sensitive enough for clinical diagnosis. Moreover, the sample solution employed in the assays is just 8 µL, which is much less than traditional lateral flow strip based biosensors.

Asunto(s)

Ferritinas/análisis , Oro/química , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Sondas Moleculares/química , Técnicas Biosensibles , Fibra de Algodón , Ferritinas/sangre , Humanos , Inmunoensayo/instrumentación , Temperatura

RESUMEN

We used cotton thread as substrate to develop a novel room temperature DNA detection device for low-cost, sensitive and rapid detection of a human genetic disease, hereditary tyrosinemia type I related DNA sequences. A novel adenosine based molecular beacon (ABMB) probe modified on gold nanoparticle was used as reporter probe. In the presence of coralyne, a small molecule which can react with adenosines, the ABMB would form a hairpin structure just like traditional molecular beacon used extensively. In the presence of target DNA sequences, the hairpin structure of ABMB modified on gold nanoparticles will be opened and the biotin group modified at one end of the DNA probes will be released and react with the streptavidin immobilized on the test zone of the cotton thread. The response of the thread based DNA test device is linear over the range of 2.5-100 nM complementary DNA. The ability of our developed device for discriminating the single base mismatched DNA related to a human genetic disease, hereditary tyrosinemia type I, was improved comparing with previous report. It is worth mentioning that the whole assay procedure for DNA test is performed under room temperature which simplified the assay procedures greatly.

Asunto(s)

Adenosina/análisis , Fibra de Algodón , Sondas Moleculares , Ácidos Nucleicos/análisis , Temperatura , Humanos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico