RESUMEN
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii complex is an increasingly important cause of osteomyelitis. It is considered a difficult to treat agent, due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and few available therapeutic options. Objective: To compare effectiveness and tolerability of tigecycline and colistin in patients with osteomyelitis caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex (CRABC). Methods: This retrospective review included all patients admitted to a 150-bed tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2015 with microbiologically confirmed CRABC osteomyelitis for which they received tigecycline or colistin. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, adverse events, and outcomes 12 months after the end of antimicrobial treatment were analysed and stratified according to the antimicrobial used. Results: 65 patients were included, 34 treated with colistin and 31 with tigecycline. There were significantly more men (P = 0.028) in the colistin group, and more smokers (P = 0.021) and greater occurrence of chronic osteomyelitis (P = 0.036) in the tigecycline treatment group. Median duration of therapy was 42.5 days for colistin and 42 days for tigecycline, with no significant difference. Overall incidence of adverse events was higher in the colistin group (P = 0.047). In particular, incidence of renal impairment was also higher in this group (P = 0.003). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent with tigecycline (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences between groups in relapse, amputation, or death. Conclusions: Tigecycline had a better safety profile than colistin in the treatment of osteomyelitis due to CRABC, with no significant difference in outcomes after 12 months of follow-up.
Asunto(s)
VIH , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/mortalidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/terapia , OsteonecrosisRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to estimate the additional cost of treatment of a group of nosocomial infections in a tertiary public hospital. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted by means of analyzing the medical records of 34 patients with infection after total knee arthroplasty, diagnosed in 2006 and 2007, who met the criteria for nosocomial infection according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To estimate the direct costs of treatment for these patients, the following data were gathered: length of hospital stay, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, and surgical procedures performed. Their costs were estimated from the minimum values according to the Brazilian Medical Association. The estimated cost of the antibiotics used was also obtained. The total length of stay in the ward was 976 days, at a cost of US$ 18,994.63, and, in the intensive care unit, it was 34 days at a cost of US$ 5,031.37. Forty-two debridement procedures were performed, at a cost of US$ 5,798.06, and 1965 tests (laboratory and imaging) were also performed, at a cost of US$ 15,359.25. US$ 20,845.01 was spent on antibiotics and US$ 1,735.16 on vacuum assisted closure therapy, microsurgical flaps, implant removal, spacer use, and surgical revision. The total additional cost of these cases of hospital infection in 2006 and 2007 was of US$ 91,843.75. Based on that, we demonstrate that the high cost of treatment for hospital infections emphasizes the importance of taking measures to prevent and control hospital infection.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/economía , Infección Hospitalaria/economía , Costos de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/economía , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Hospitales Públicos , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
There are many different opinions in the literature regarding the best procedure for revision of infected hip arthroplasty and hence in achieving long-term stabilization of a new implant. Thirty-two patients with 32 loose and infected total hip arthroplasties underwent revision with a bone graft in a 1-stage procedure. The bone graft was used in the acetabulum and femur in 25 patients, in the acetabulum alone in 4 patients and in the femur alone in 3 patients. A metal mesh was necessary in 15 patients to contain the morselized bone graft. At the time of surgical revision, 9 patients had a draining sinus, 6 had a closed sinus, and 17 had never had sinuses in the surgical wound. Antibiotic therapy was administered intravenously and orally for 6 months. Mean follow-up was 103 months (range, 63-183 months), and infection recurred in 2 (6.2%) cases. Further studies are necessary, and continuation of this method is justified.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Articulación de la Cadera/microbiología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/cirugía , Reoperación/métodos , Acetábulo/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Clindamicina/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Fémur/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/cirugía , Staphylococcus , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Six cantaloupe farms and packing plants in South Texas (950 cantaloupe, 140 water, and 45 environmental samples), including the Rio Grande Valley area, and three farms in Colima State, Mexico (300 cantaloupe, 45 water, and 15 environmental samples), were sampled to evaluate cantaloupe contamination with Salmonella and Escherichia coli during production and processing. Samples collected from external surfaces of cantaloupes, water, and the environments of packing sheds on cantaloupe farms were examined for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli. Of a total of 1,735 samples collected, 31 (1.8%) tested positive for Salmonella. Fifteen Salmonella serotypes were isolated from samples collected in Texas, and nine from samples collected in Colima. Two serotypes (Poona and Oranienburg) that have been associated with three large Salmonella outbreaks in the United States and Canada linked to the consumption of contaminated cantaloupe were found in water samples collected at four farms (three from the United States). Susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 antimicrobials was evaluated by disk diffusion. Eighty-eight percent of the isolates from the United States and Mexico were pansusceptible to the antimicrobials tested; eight isolates from the United States demonstrated an intermediate susceptibility to streptomycin and only two isolates were resistant to the same antimicrobial. From Mexico, four isolates showed an intermediate susceptibility to streptomycin and one isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid and streptomycin. Repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis of Salmonella isolates helped to trace potential sources of Salmonella contamination in source water and in subsequent water samples obtained after the filtration systems of U.S. and Mexican cantaloupe farms. No differences could be seen between the levels of Salmonella contamination in melons from both countries.
Asunto(s)
Cucumis melo/microbiología , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Microbiología Ambiental , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , México , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Texas , Microbiología del AguaRESUMEN
As infecçöes osteoarticulares, com relativa freqüência, säo difíceis de diagnosticar, necessitam de tratamentos prolongados, que podem ser ineficazes, levando à incapacidade definitiva do membro. As osteomielites agudas, que na maioria das vezes se apresentam em crianças, säo uma doença menos complexa, de tratamento mais fácil e, se conduzido adequadamente, näo leva a seqüelas. Já as osteomielites crônicas, geralmente de diagnóstico e tratamento tardios, têm uma série de variáveis que dificultam o sucesso terapêutico. Para tentar melhorar o entendimento da fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento dessas entidades, realizamos esta revisäo anexando dados de experiência do serviço onde atuamos.