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Medical aspects of driving safety are discussed. Legal problems in first care of victims of accidents and evaluation of fitness to driving are analyzed. The paper is addressed to specialists in public health management.

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Antiviral humoral immunity was studied in patients with Hodgkin's disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and aplastic anemia (AA). Insufficiency of antiviral humoral immunity as regards antigenically unrelated viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was characteristic of all these conditions. A remission of Hodgkin's disease and ITP was associated with a reliable increase of the studied parameters in comparison with the acute period of the disease. After splenectomy humoral immunity parameters were virtually unchanged in patients with ITP, whereas in patients with Hodgkin's disease and AA the deficiency of antibody production is 40% increased after the operation.

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Test systems for rapid detection of mycoplasmas in biological samples have been elaborated on the base of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of the conservative rDNA sequences was used for testing of cell cultures for mycoplasmal contamination. Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection system has been developed based on amplification of the species-specific DNA sequences. Inversions of some repeated sequences in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome make it possible to run the PCR with a single primer. The revealed spacer length polymorphism for 16S-23S rDNA operons can be used in the mycoplasmas identification.

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The authors have studied the dynamics of variation of redox enzymes in the muscles of replanted extremity in 40 adult dogs, which endured replantation of long-ischemized (18-21 degrees C, 4-6 h) extremities. It was discovered that during the postoperative period of observation (45 days) in the muscles of the replanted extremity are preserved obvious degenerative and dystrophic changes and decrease of metabolic and rehabilitation reaction. On the basis of the obtained data the authors employed the effective pathogenetic therapy.

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A comprehensive clinical and morphologic examination of 160 nephrologic inpatients included titration of antibodies to respiratory viruses and to HBsAg and of streptolysin O. A correlation was detected between immunity status parameters and the presence and severity of proteinuria in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Besides routine clinical and laboratory examinations, thorough serologic and virologic studies are necessary for this patient population, for such studies will help determine the trigger mechanism of the disease and thus predict the possible development of the condition.

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M. pneumoniae, used as mitogen, was shown to initiate the synthesis of antibodies to salmonellae in the culture of lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors as actively as lectins and Staphylococcus aureus protein A. In these experiments IgG antibodies were mainly synthesized. The serological study of a group of persons (333 subjects) for 2.5 years revealed that seroconversion to M. pneumoniae and simultaneously to viruses occurred in 78% of cases. In more than a half of the cases a rise in the titers of antibodies to M. pneumoniae and simultaneously to salmonellae was found to occur with no cases of salmonellosis being registered. The results of this study make it possible to come to the conclusion that M. pneumoniae is a polyclonal activator of antibody-producing cells in vitro and, probably, in vivo.

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A new procedure for rapid determination of the levels of antibiotic sensitivity in pathogenic microorganisms with the use of fluorescent antibodies is described. The procedure was developed with the use of a model of the vaccinal strains of Bacillus anthracis. It is based on determination of the microbial antibiotic resistance with the method of serial dilutions on solid media. Still, the medium with an antibiotic is inoculated instead of the pathogen with the native material subject to the analysis. The antibiotic effect on the microorganism is estimated with the method of fluorescent antibodies. The replica preparations obtained as a result of the pathogen growth in a mixed culture on nutrient media containing definite concentrations of the antibiotic are examined with the method of luminescence microscopy. The modification of the immunofluorescent procedure for rapid determination of the microbial sensitivity to antibiotics does not require obligatory isolation of the pathogen as a pure culture. This makes the procedure more economic with respect to the time necessary for the analysis. The following conditions for performing rapid analysis with respect to Bacillus anthracis are required: the minimal concentration of the pathogen in the specimen (2.10(5) spores/ml), preliminary thermal treatment of the specimen for destroying the spore microflora, additional cultivation for 6-8 hours at 37 degrees C. The presence of the accompanying sporulating microflora, i.e. common microorganisms present in the atmosphere, soil and open water bodies does not prevent the performance of the analysis.

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The work presents the results of the study of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in guinea-pigs. A considerable increase in the engulfment of mycoplasmas and blood leukocytes was found to occur on days 14-28 after the infection. The correlation between the degree of the engulfment of mycoplasmas by macrophages and the activity of lymphocytes in the reaction of blast-cell transformation with phytohemagglutinin and Mycoplasma antigen was observed. The peculiarities of the course of infection in sensitized animals were revealed. Virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were found to have a toxic effect on the lymphocytes and macrophages of guinea-pigs. This effect was neutralized by specific antiserum. The importance of these facts for the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma infection is discussed.

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A method for production of a reference lyophilized preparation for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia infections in the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test has been developed. The method is based on conjugation using bi-diasotized benzidine of acrolein-treated sheep erythrocytes and ultrasonicated whole Mycoplasma antigen. After lyophilization the diagnostic preparation retained its standard properties for 1.5 years (the observation period). The sensitivity of the preparation in detection of antibody exceeded those of the CFT and the metabolism inhibition (MI) test 16--64-fold and the specificity was as good as in these tests. The diagnostic value of the preparation in the IHA was 78.1%, in the CFT--64.7%. As compared with the CFT and the MI test, the IHA with Mycoplasma diagnostic preparation is simple and reproducible.

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Rhythmic "locomotor discharges" recorded in the ventral spinal roots by Perret et al proved to increase during asphyxia and disappeared during apnea. Thus, rhythmic discharges in the ventral spinal roots depended on irradiation from the respiratory centre and could not confirm the fact of existence of a special "locomotor pacemaker".

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