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Ginsenoside is the primary active substance of ginseng and has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, immune, regulating sugar and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant effects. It also protects the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This study analyzes the effects of thermal processing on the bioactivities of crude ginseng saponin. Heat treatment increased the contents of minor ginsenosides in crude saponins, such as Rg3, and heat-treated crude ginseng saponin (HGS) had better neuroprotective effects than non-treated crude saponin (NGS). HGS reduced glutamate-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, significantly more than NGS. HGS protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling and downregulating MAPK-mediated apoptotic signaling. HGS has the potential for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Ginsenósidos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Panax , Saponinas , Ratas , Animales , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Ginsenósidos/uso terapéutico , Saponinas/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Calor , Antioxidantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Aloe vera (A. vera) has been studied as a treatment option for ulcerative colitis (UC), but there is a lack of scientific evidence showing whether treatment with Aloe saponaria (A. saponaria) can also be beneficial. To investigate the therapeutic potential of A. saponaria as a treatment for UC, clinical symptoms, histopathological characteristics of the colon, inflammatory response, and toxicity were analyzed in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice after administration of aqueous extracts of A. saponaria (AAS) for 7 days. The total polyphenol and tannin content of AAS was 272 µg/g and 163 µg/g, respectively. AAS exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Several clinical symptoms, including body weight, colon length, and hematochezia, remarkably improved in the DSS+AAS treated group compared to the DSS+Vehicle-treated group. In addition, similar improvements were detected in the histopathological characteristics and mucin-secreting ability in the colon of DSS-induced UC mice after the administration of AAS. The levels of infiltrated inflammatory cells and cytokine expression were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the colon of the DSS+AAS-treated group. These alterations in inflammatory response were accompanied by a significant recovery of the protein kinase C/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (PKC/ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. However, the levels of key markers for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity consistently remained between those of the DSS+AAS-treated and the No groups. Therefore, the results of the present study provide novel evidence that AAS may improve the clinical symptoms and attenuate the inflammatory response in DSS-induced UC mice and does not have any significant hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
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The authors aimed to investigate the effects of a laughter therapy (LT) program on the acculturative stress, anxiety, depression, salivary cortisol, and salivary IgA of married immigrant women in South Korea. A randomized waiting-list control design was utilized. The 19 experimental group participants were given LT twice a week for 2 weeks, whereas the 22 participants in the waiting-list control group received no treatment during the same period but received it afterward. Outcomes were measured right after the completion of the intervention and 2 weeks later. The experimental group showed significantly decreased levels of acculturative stress, anxiety, depression, and salivary cortisol compared to the control group. As for salivary IgA, however, the experimental group showed no statistically significant decrease compared to the control group. An LT program can be a good option for married immigrant women undergoing acculturation experiences in consideration of its effectiveness.
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Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Risoterapia , Aculturación , Femenino , Humanos , República de Corea , Estrés Psicológico/terapiaRESUMEN
Base Mine Lake (BML) is the first full-scale demonstration end pit lake for the oil sands mining industry in Canada. We examined aerobic methanotrophic bacteria over all seasons for 5 years in this dimictic lake. Methanotrophs comprised up to 58% of all bacterial reads in 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses (median 2.8%), and up to 2.7 × 104 cells mL-1 of water (median 0.5 × 103) based on qPCR of pmoA genes. Methanotrophic activity and populations in the lake water were highest during fall turnover and remained high through the winter ice-covered period into spring turnover. They declined during summer stratification, especially in the epilimnion. Three methanotroph genera (Methylobacter, Methylovulum, and Methyloparacoccus) cycled seasonally, based on both relative and absolute abundance measurements. Methylobacter and Methylovulum populations peaked in winter/spring, when methane oxidation activity was psychrophilic. Methyloparacoccus populations increased in the water column through summer and fall, when methane oxidation was mesophilic, and also predominated in the underlying tailings sediment. Other, less abundant genera grew primarily during summer, possibly due to distinct CH4/O2 microniches created during thermal stratification. These data are consistent with temporal and spatial niche differentiation based on temperature, CH4 and O2. This pit lake displays methane cycling and methanotroph population dynamics similar to natural boreal lakes. IMPORTANCE The study examined methanotrophic bacteria in an industrial end pit lake, combining molecular DNA methods (both quantitative and descriptive) with biogeochemical measurements. The lake was sampled over 5 years, in all four seasons, as often as weekly, and included sub-ice samples. The resulting multiseason and multiyear data set is unique in its size and intensity, and allowed us to document clear and consistent seasonal patterns of growth and decline of three methanotroph genera (Methylobacter, Methylovulum, and Methyloparacoccus). Laboratory experiments suggested that one major control of this succession was niche partitioning based on temperature. The study helps to understand microbial dynamics in engineered end pit lakes, but we propose that the dynamics are typical of boreal stratified lakes and widely applicable in microbial ecology and limnology. Methane-oxidizing bacteria are important model organisms in microbial ecology and have implications for global climate change.
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Lagos , Yacimiento de Petróleo y Gas , Bacterias , Lagos/microbiología , Metano , Oxidación-Reducción , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Zirconia prostheses show a high rate of retention loss, and more information is needed regarding the treatment of the intaglios of zirconia prostheses to improve the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the retention of titanium abutments and zirconia prostheses treated with silica-containing glass-ceramic liners. The effect of the abutment convergence angle on retention force was also examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Titanium abutments and zirconia copings (n=90) were fabricated with 3 different convergence angles (6, 12, and 24 degrees). Specimens were divided into 2 groups according to surface treatment: an airborne-particle-abraded control group and a group that was coated with a silica-containing glass-ceramic liner after airborne-particle abrasion (liner group). The thickness of the liner was measured, and the inner spacing of the zirconia coping was modified in the liner group. The coping was cemented, and the retention was evaluated with a tensile bond strength test by using a universal testing machine. Retention was analyzed by using a 2-way analysis of variance. Modes of failure were evaluated by examining the fracture surface. Elemental analysis of the interface was also performed. RESULTS: The liner group showed a significantly higher retention force for the zirconia prosthesis (P<.05). Regardless of surface treatment, the retention force at a convergence angle of 6 degrees was higher than that at 24 degrees (P<.05). The control group showed mostly adhesive type failures, whereas the liner group exhibited mostly mixed type failures. CONCLUSIONS: Silica-containing glass-ceramic liner treatment increased the retention compared with airborne-particle abrasion treatment alone. Tensile bond strength increased with decreasing abutment convergence angle.
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Cerámica/química , Diseño de Implante Dental-Pilar , Cementos de Resina/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Circonio/química , Abrasión Dental por Aire , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Retención de Prótesis Dentales , Técnicas In Vitro , Ensayo de Materiales , Propiedades de Superficie , Resistencia a la Tracción , Titanio/químicaRESUMEN
Glucose concentration is closely related to the metabolic activity of cells and it is the most important substance as the energy source of a living body which plays an important role in the human body. This paper proposes an optical method that can measure the concentration of glucose. The change in glucose concentration was observed by using CIE diagram, and wavelength and purity values were detected. Also, even small changes in glucose concentration can be evaluated through mathematical modeling. This system is simple, economical, and capable of quantifying optical signals with numerical values for glucose sensing. This method can be applicable to the clinical field that examines diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome.
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Color , Colorimetría/métodos , Glucosa/análisis , Óptica y Fotónica , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
ESP-102, an extract from Angelica gigas, Saururus chinensis, and Schisandra chinensis, has been used as herbal medicine and dietary supplement in Korea. Despite the numerous bioactivities in vitro and in vivo studies, its effects on neuronal networks remain elusive. To address the neuronal effect, we examined synaptic plasticity in organotypic hippocampal slice culture with multielectrode array. Our results showed an increase in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), indicating the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), in the presence of ESP-102. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of ESP-102 was also tested by application of scopolamine to the hippocampal slice. Interestingly, ESP-102 competitively antagonized the preventative LTP effect induced by scopolamine. The scopolamine-induced reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and GluR-2 expression was also rescued by ESP-102. In terms of mode of action, ESP-102 appears to act on the presynaptic region independent of AMPA/NMDA receptors. Based on these findings, ESP-102 can be suggested as a novel herbal ingredient with memory enhancing as well as neuroprotective effects.
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BACKGROUND: Lasers are advantageous in some applications to stimulate a small target area and is used in various fields such as optogenetic, photoimmunological and neurophysiological studies. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to implement a non-contact sense of touch without damaging biological tissues using laser. METHODS: Various laser parameters were utilized in safety range to induce a sense of touch and investigate the human responses. With heat distribution simulation, the amount of changes in the temperature and the tendency in laser parameters of sensory stimulation were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed the identified tactile responses in safety range with various laser parameters and temperature distribution for the laser stimulus was obtained through the simulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be applied to the areas of sensory receptor stimulation, neurophysiology and clinical medicine.
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Rayos Láser , Percepción , Temperatura Cutánea , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , TactoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The evaluation and control of lighting is crucial in physiological, biomedical, and industrial fields. Many kinds of lighting techniques based on LED have been developed due to its advantages. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop the multi-colored LED system for healing purposes. METHODS: Light source with three-color chip LEDs was investigated to detect the dominant wavelength. RESULTS: The results show that the additive principle by three-color LEDs can be successfully applied to lighting system by generating a variety of colors. CONCLUSIONS: The results are expected to be useful in the field of light therapy and medicine. Applications of the developed light system are lighting therapies such as stimulating blood circulation and digestive processes, and controlling inflammation.
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Color , Iluminación/instrumentación , Fototerapia/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Laser can precisely deliver quantitative energy to a desired region in a non-contact way. Since it can stimulate regions and minutely control parameters such as the intensity, duration and frequency of stimulus, laser is often used for the areas such as low power laser treatment and clinical physiology. This study proposes simulation using pulse diode laser with reliable output and identifies laser parameters that can present a variety of somesthesis. It is found that typically, as frequency and energy increase, the ratio of feeling senses increases, and dominant sense moves from the sense of heat through tactile sense to pain. This study will be baseline data for studies of the sense of heat, tactile sense and pain, contribute to studying neurophysiology sector and be applied to basic clinical research.
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Láseres de Semiconductores , Dolor/etiología , Sensación Térmica , Tacto , Adulto , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Calor , Humanos , Láseres de Semiconductores/efectos adversos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A spectrophotometer is the basic measuring equipment essential to most research activity fields requiring samples to be measured, such as physics, biotechnology and food engineering. This paper proposes a system that is able to detect sample concentration and color information by using LED and color sensor. Purity and wavelength information can be detected by CIE diagram, and the concentration can be estimated with purity information. This method is more economical and efficient than existing spectrophotometry, and can also be used by ordinary persons. This contribution is applicable to a number of fields because it can be used as a colorimeter to detect the wavelength and purity of samples.
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Color , Colorimetría/instrumentación , Iluminación/instrumentación , Semiconductores , Análisis Espectral/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Organizational identification has been argued to have a unique value in explaining individual attitudes and behaviors in organizations, as it involves the essential definition of entities (i.e., individual and organizational identities). This review seeks meta-analytic evidence of the argument by examining how this identity-relevant construct functions in the nexus of attitudinal/behavioral constructs. The findings show that, first, organizational identification is significantly associated with key attitudes (job involvement, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment) and behaviors (in-role performance and extra-role performance) in organizations. Second, in the classic psychological model of attitude-behavior relations (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), organizational identification is positioned as a basis from which general sets of those attitudes and behaviors are engendered; organizational identification has a direct effect on general behavior above and beyond the effect of general attitude. Third, the effects of organizational identification are moderated by national culture, a higher-level social context wherein the organization is embedded, such that the effects are stronger in a collectivistic culture than in an individualistic culture. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Actitud , Conducta/fisiología , Cultura Organizacional , Identificación Social , Cultura , Humanos , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Modelos Organizacionales , Lealtad del Personal , Rendimiento LaboralRESUMEN
Hericium erinaceum is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely used in Korea, Japan, and China. On the search for biologically active compounds supporting the medicinal usage, the MeOH extract of the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceum was investigated for its chemical constituents. Six compounds were isolated and identified as hericenone D (1), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3ß-ol (2), erinacerin B (3), hericenone E (4), hericenone F (5) and isohericerin (6) by comparing their spectroscopic data with previously reported values. The inhibitory effects on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of the isolates (1-6) were studied. Among the isolated compounds, ergosterol peroxide (2) reduced senescence associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) activity increased in HUVECs treated with adriamycin. According to experimental data obtained, the active compound may inspire the development of a new pharmacologically useful substance to be used in the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases.
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Agaricales/química , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Benzopiranos/química , Benzopiranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzopiranos/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Ergosterol/química , Ergosterol/aislamiento & purificación , Ergosterol/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/enzimología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/farmacología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/enzimología , Humanos , Indoles/química , Indoles/aislamiento & purificación , Indoles/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Palmitatos/química , Palmitatos/aislamiento & purificación , Palmitatos/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Piel/citología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Terpenos/farmacología , beta-Galactosidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae) is an easy-peeling citrus fruit, which has been used as a traditional Korean medicine for improving skin elasticity, relieving fatigue and cough, and preventing bronchitis, flu, and various cancers. However, its active components associated with anti-inflammation and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the active constituents from the fruits of Citrus unshiu and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Repeated column chromatography, together with a semi-preparative HPLC purification was used to separate the bioactive constituent from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the EtOH extract of Citrus unshiu fruits. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators were examined using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. RESULTS: A new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI (1), was isolated and identified from the fruits of Citrus unshiu. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ((1)H, (13)C, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments), and high resolution (HR)-mass spectrometry, and its absolute configurations were further confirmed by the Marfey׳s method. Compound 1 decreased NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 70µM. Compound 1 suppressed NO production by decreasing iNOS expression but COX-2 expression was slightly associated with the reduction by compound 1 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited NF-κB activation by blocking IκBα degradation and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a new cyclic peptide, citrusin XI, from Citrus unshiu fruits has anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Compound 1 decreases NO production by decreasing iNOS expression and NF-κB activation associated with IκBα degradation and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. This is the first study to clarify the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by a pure isolated compound from Citrus unshiu in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The phytochemical, citrusin XI of Citrus unshiu may serve as lead compound in the design of new agents for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Citrus , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos , Ratones , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Péptidos Cíclicos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Currently, the most effective outflow drugs approved for clinical use are prostaglandin F2α analogues, but these require daily topical self-dosing and have various intraocular, ocular surface and extraocular side effects. Lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of the prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) gene, resulting in long-term reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), may eliminate off-target tissue effects and the need for daily topical PGF2α self-administration. Lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of the PGFS gene to the anterior segment has been achieved in cats and non-human primates. Although these results are encouraging, our studies have identified a number of challenges that need to be overcome for prostaglandin gene therapy to be translated into the clinic. Using examples from our work in non-human primates, where we were able to achieve a significant reduction in IOP (2 mm Hg) for 5 months after delivery of the cDNA for bovine PGF synthase, we identify and discuss these issues and consider several possible solutions.
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Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Vectores Genéticos , Hidroxiprostaglandina Deshidrogenasas/genética , Lentivirus/genética , Animales , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/metabolismo , Terapia Genética , Glaucoma/terapia , Presión Intraocular , MacacaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess agreement in cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) estimation between stereoscopic optic disc photography, time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Fourier-domain OCT, and to compare the discriminating ability of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters by time-domain OCT and Fourier-domain OCT for glaucoma detection. METHODS: Participants underwent stereoscopic photography, Stratus OCT (fast optic disc scan), and RTVue-100 (nerve head mapping), at the same visit. Vertical and horizontal CDRs (VCDR and HCDR) from stereoscopic photography were determined by averaging the results from 2 independent glaucoma specialists. VCDR, HCDR, disc area, cup area, rim area, and cup-to-disc area ratio were acquired from the 2 OCTs. Agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to assess the ability of each parameter to detect glaucoma. RESULTS: A total of 185 eyes were used in final analysis. VCDR and HCDR measurements from RTVue were highest, followed by those from Stratus OCT and stereoscopic photography. CDRs from both OCTs showed excellent agreement with those from stereophotography (ICC, 0.80 to 0.86). Agreement in ONH parameters including CDRs between the 2 OCTs was excellent (ICC, 0.86 to 0.94). There were no statistically significant differences between the ONH parameters from the 2 OCTs with respect to ability to detect glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: VCDR and HCDR measurement by time-domain and Fourier-domain OCTs exhibited excellent agreement with each other and agreed equally well with those by stereoscopic photography. The ONH parameters between the 2 OCTs performed similarly in determining glaucoma status.
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Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Baja Tensión/diagnóstico , Disco Óptico/patología , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Área Bajo la Curva , Femenino , Análisis de Fourier , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Fotograbar , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Tonometría Ocular , Campos VisualesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction for cataract surgery in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients with different IOLs' implantation. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 45 eyes with CACG and 48 eyes with normal controls undergoing cataract surgery. In the CACG group, 23 eyes (51%) had three-piece IOL implantation and 22 eyes (49%) had one-piece IOL implantation. In the normal control group, 25 eyes (52%) had three-piece IOL implantation and 23 eyes (48%) had one-piece IOL implantation. Using the SRK/T formula, the mean difference between the predicted and actual postoperative spherical equivalent [mean absolute error (MAE)] was obtained and converted to natural logarithm (ln) for statistical analysis. The power of the implanted IOL was calculated to predict postoperative SE using three formulas: SRK II, Holladay II and Hoffer Q by post hoc analysis in each group. The predictive accuracy of each formula was analysed by comparing the lnMAE. RESULTS: In the one-piece IOL group, there was no difference in lnMAE between the CACG and normal control group (p = 0.314). In the three-piece IOL group, the lnMAE of the CACG group was larger than that of the normal control group (p < 0.001). The lnMAEs calculated by the SRK/T formula were more accurate than the Holladay II (p = 0.045) and Hoffer Q (p = 0.042) formula in the CACG one-piece IOL group. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of one-piece IOLs provides similar power prediction accuracy comparable to normal cataract patients; this result may be explained by the IOL haptic configuration or design.
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Catarata/complicaciones , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/complicaciones , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Lentes Intraoculares , Óptica y Fotónica , Facoemulsificación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Biometría , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tonometría Ocular , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the surgical results of Ahmed valve implantation with intraoperative bevacizumab injection in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). METHODS: A retrospective comparative case series review was conducted on 52 eyes with NVG who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with or without intraoperative bevacizumab intravitreal injection. In the intraoperative intravitreous bevacizumab injection group (IVB group, 20 eyes), 1.25 mg of bevacizumab was injected into the vitreous cavity during Ahmed valve implantation. In the control group (32 eyes), only Ahmed valve implantation was performed. Surgical failure was defined when (1) the postoperative intraocular pressure was over 21 mm Hg at consecutive clinic visits, (2) the visual acuity became light perception negative, (3) additional antiglaucomatic surgery was required, or (4) devastating operative or postoperative complications were noted. RESULTS: Although the success rate in the IVB group (70.0%) was higher than that in the control group (62.5%) 1 year after operation, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.828 by log-rank test). Mean intraocular pressures in the IVB group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 12 and 15 months (P<0.05 by the Mann-Whitney U test). Postoperative complications were similar between the 2 groups. Preoperative history of trabeculectomy was a significant risk factor for surgical failure of Ahmed valve implantation in NVG (relative risk=4.618; P=0.018 by Cox regression model). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative IVB injection does not seem to be helpful for better surgical outcomes of Ahmed valve implantation in NVG. A history of trabeculectomy is a risk factor for failure after Ahmed valve implantation in patients with NVG.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma , Glaucoma Neovascular/terapia , Bevacizumab , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Glaucoma Neovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Glaucoma Neovascular/cirugía , Humanos , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Cuidados Intraoperatorios , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Implantación de Prótesis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess and compare the influence of cataract on measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by time domain (TD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectral domain (SD) OCT. METHODS: Patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery were consecutively enrolled in this study. The peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured before and 8 weeks after cataract surgery using TD-OCT and SD-OCT during the same visit. Changes in the RNFL thickness measurement and signal strength (SS) after cataract surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients (54 eyes) were included. After excluding 19 eyes owing to poor imaging or low SS (<5), scans of 35 eyes were included in the final analysis. A significant difference was identified between the preoperative and postoperative SS values using SD-OCT, but not TD-OCT (P=0.002 and 0.789, respectively). The changes in RNFL thickness after cataract surgery were more prominent and frequent for SD-OCT than TD-OCT. There was a significant correlation between change in preoperative RNFL thickness and SS changes for both TD-OCT (r=0.410, P<0.001) and SD-OCT (r=0.246, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cataract significantly affects RNFL thickness measurements by SD-OCT and TD-OCT. SD-OCT, which demonstrated more consistent change of RNFL measurements after cataract extraction, is not necessarily associated with lower RNFL thickness measurement performance in cataract cases, as more participants with cataract were excluded because of poor image quality or low SS, which was more associated with TD-OCT than SD-OCT.
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Catarata/fisiopatología , Glaucoma/fisiopatología , Fibras Nerviosas/patología , Disco Óptico/patología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Facoemulsificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Seudofaquia/fisiopatología , Tonometría Ocular , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses (IOL) on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: This prospective study included 50 eyes of 50 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a blue light-filtering IOL (acrysof IQ (SN60WF) [Alcon]) or a clear IOL (Tecnis (Z9003) [AMO]). The peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using a Cirrus SD OCT before and 8 weeks after cataract surgery. Perioperative differences in RNFL thickness measurements and signal strengths (SS) were evaluated and compared in both IOL groups. RESULTS: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients were included in the final analysis. There was a significant increase in average RNFL thickness and SS after cataract surgery in both IOL groups. No significant difference in perioperative changes of RNFL measurements was noted between yellow and clear IOL groups. In the multivariable analysis, the factor affecting perioperative differences of RNFL measurements was not IOL type but SS. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that blue-light filtering IOL does not influence RNFL thickness measurements by Cirrus SD-OCT.