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OBJECTIVE: to verify the association between the qualification of nursing professionals and the occurrence of adverse events in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. METHOD: Cross-sectional and evaluation study conducted in six intensive care units of five public hospitals in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data was collected from April/2017 to January/2018 through the use of a questionnaire to be completed by 143 nursing professionals and retrospective analysis of 79 medical records using the Neonatal Trigger Tool and Pediatric Trigger Tool instruments. The prognostic factors were professional training and the existence, or not, of a continuing education service; analysis was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Detected 30 adverse events in 22 medical records analyzed. There was a prevalence of infection (n = 12; 40%) and skin damage (n = 9; 30%). Among the prognostic factors, continuing education was identified as a protective factor against adverse events (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuing education was associated with the prevention of adverse events in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.
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Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association between the qualification of nursing professionals and the occurrence of adverse events in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Method: Cross-sectional and evaluation study conducted in six intensive care units of five public hospitals in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data was collected from April/2017 to January/2018 through the use of a questionnaire to be completed by 143 nursing professionals and retrospective analysis of 79 medical records using the Neonatal Trigger Tool and Pediatric Trigger Tool instruments. The prognostic factors were professional training and the existence, or not, of a continuing education service; analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results: Detected 30 adverse events in 22 medical records analyzed. There was a prevalence of infection (n = 12; 40%) and skin damage (n = 9; 30%). Among the prognostic factors, continuing education was identified as a protective factor against adverse events (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Continuing education was associated with the prevention of adverse events in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre la calificación de los profesionales de enfermería y la ocurrencia de eventos adversos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales y pediátricos Método: Estudio evaluativo y transversal, realizado en seis unidades de cuidados intensivos de cinco hospitales públicos del estado de Paraná, Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de abril / 2017 a enero / 2018 con la aplicación de un cuestionario a 143 profesionales de enfermería y análisis retrospectivo de 79 historias clínicas utilizando los instrumentos Neonatal Trigger Tool y Pediatric Trigger Tool. Los factores pronósticos fueron la formación profesional y la existencia, o no, de un servicio de educación continua; el análisis se realizó mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Detectado 30 eventos adversos en 22 historias clínicas analizadas. Hubo una prevalencia de infección (n = 12; 40%) y daño cutáneo (n = 9; 30%). Entre los factores pronósticos, se identificó la educación continua como factor protector frente a eventos adversos (p≤0,05). Conclusión: La educación continua se asoció con la prevención de eventos adversos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales y pediátricos.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a qualificação dos profissionais de enfermagem e a ocorrência de eventos adversos em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal conduzido em seis unidades de cinco hospitais públicos do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de abril/2017 a janeiro/2018, com análise retrospectiva e aplicação dos instrumentos Neonatal Trigger Tool e Paediatric Trigger Tool a 79 prontuários, para detectar eventos adversos, questionário autoaplicável a 143 profissionais e consulta aos documentos e registros hospitalares. Os fatores prognósticos de eventos adversos foram capacitação profissional e existência, ou não, de serviço de educação continuada; a análise foi realizada por regressão logística. Resultados: Detectou-se 30 eventos adversos, com prevalência de infecção (n=12;40%) e lesão de pele (n=9;30%). A educação continuada foi identificada como fator protetor para eventos adversos (p≤0,05). Conclusão: atividade educativa foi associada à prevenção de eventos adversos em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between intensive nursing staff's work conditions and the occurrence of adverse events in patients. METHOD: Evaluative documentary study conducted in six public neonatal and pediatric Intensive Care Units from hospitals in Paraná state, from April 2017 to January 2018. The predictive variables concerning staff sizing and work environment were measured through the instruments Nursing Activities Score and Brazilian Nursing Work Index-Revised. The thirty adverse events corresponded to the outcome variable and were detected using the instruments Pediatric and Neonatal Trigger Tool. RESULTS: Two-hundred and three professionals participated in this research. The nursing staff sizing was verified to be appropriate. Work conditions were favorable and Cronbach's Alpha was 0.90 (IC= 0.87 - 0.92). The most frequently detected events in patients were infection and skin lesion. The statistical analysis of correlation and adverse event occurrence was not significant. CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of evidence on statistical significance between the variables, the results reveal commitment by the public sector and professionals with patient safety and assistance quality.
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Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Personal de Enfermería , Lugar de Trabajo , Brasil , Niño , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Seguridad del PacienteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Accordingly, this study sought to identify individual, community and access to health services risk factors for MDR-TB. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of all TB cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 in the state of São Paulo. A Bayesian spatial hierarchical analysis with a multilevel design was carried out. RESULTS: It was identified that the history of previous TB treatment (Odds Ratios [OR]:13.86, 95% credibility interval [95% CI]:12.06-15.93), positive sputum culture test (OR: 5.26, 95% CI: 4.44-6.23), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.87-2.91), residing at a standard address (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.91-3.60), positive sputum smear microscopy (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.44-2.12), cavitary pulmonary TB (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14-1.60) and diagnosis performed due to spontaneous request (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10-1.46) were associated with MDR-TB. Furthermore, municipalities that performed HIV tests in less than 42.65% of patients with TB (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.25-1.79), that diagnosed TB cases only after death (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17-1.93) and that had more than 20.16% of their population with income between » and ½ of one minimum wage (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.30-1.87) were also related to the MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of these predictive factors may help to develop more comprehensive disease prevention strategies for MDR-TB, avoiding the risks expressed regarding drug resistance expansion.
OBJECTIF: La tuberculose multirésistante (TB-MDR) reste un grave problème de santé publique dans le monde. Cette étude visait à identifier les facteurs de risque individuels, communautaires et d'accès aux services de santé pour la TB-MDR. MÉTHODES: Analyse de cohorte rétrospective de tous les cas de TB diagnostiqués entre 2006 et 2016 dans l'Etat de São Paulo par analyse bayésienne spatiale à plusieurs niveaux. RÉSULTATS: Les antécédents de traitements antituberculeux (Rapports de cotes [OR]: 13,86, Intervalle de confiance à 95% [IC95%]: 12.06-15.93), un test de culture d'expectorations positif (OR: 5,26, IC95%: 4,44-6,23), le diabète sucré (OR: 2,34, IC95%: 1,87-2,91), la résidence à une adresse standard (OR: 2,62, IC95%: 1,91-3,60), la microscopie à frottis positif (OR: 1,74, IC95%: 1,44-2,12), la TB pulmonaire (OR: 1,35, IC95%: 1,14-1,60) et le diagnostic réalisé en raison d'une demande spontanée (OR: 1,26; IC95%: 1,10-1,46) étaient associés à la TB-MDR. Les municipalités qui ont effectué des tests de dépistage du VIH chez moins de 42,65% des patients atteints de TB (OR: 1,50, IC95%: 1,25-1,79), qui ont diagnostiqué des cas de TB uniquement après le décès (OR: 1,50, IC95%: 1,17-1,93) et qui avaient plus de 20,16% de leur population avec un revenu entre » et ½ d'un salaire minimum (OR: 1,56, IC95%: 1,30-1,87) étaient également associées à la TB-MDR. CONCLUSIONS: La connaissance de ces facteurs prédictifs peut aider à développer des stratégies plus complètes de prévention des maladies pour la TB-MDR, en évitant les risques d'extension de la résistance aux médicaments.
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Infecciones por VIH/microbiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esputo/microbiología , Esputo/virología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre as condições de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem intensivista e a ocorrência de eventos adversos nos pacientes atendidos. Método Pesquisa avaliativa e documental realizada em seis Unidades de Terapia Intensiva neopediátricas públicas de hospitais estaduais do Paraná, de abril de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. As variáveis preditoras, referentes ao dimensionamento de pessoal e ambiente de trabalho, foram mensuradas por meio dos instrumentos Nursing Activities Score e Brazilian Nursing Work Index-Revised. Os 30 eventos adversos corresponderam à variável de desfecho e foram detectados utilizando-se os instrumentos Pediatric e Neonatal Trigger Tool. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 203 profissionais. Verificou-se que o dimensionamento do pessoal de enfermagem estava adequado. As condições de trabalho mostraram-se favoráveis e o valor do Alfa de Cronbach foi 0,90 (IC= 0,87 - 0,92). Os eventos mais frequentes detectados nos pacientes foram infecção e lesão de pele. A análise estatística de correlação e ocorrência de evento adverso demonstrou não haver significância. Conclusão Apesar de não ser evidenciada associação estatística entre as variáveis, os resultados demonstram comprometimento da gestão pública e dos profissionais com a segurança do paciente e qualidade da assistência.
RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar la asociación entre las condiciones de trabajo del equipo de enfermería de cuidados intensivos y la ocurrencia de eventos adversos en los pacientes atendidos. Método Evaluación e investigación documental realizada en seis Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos públicas neonatales y pediátricas de hospitales estatales de Paraná, desde abril de 2017 hasta enero de 2018. Las variables predictoras, referidas al tamaño del personal y al ambiente de trabajo, se midieron utilizando el puntaje de las actividades de los instrumentos Nursing Activities Score y Brazilian Nursing Work Index-Revised. Los 30 eventos adversos correspondieron a la variable de resultado y se detectaron utilizando los instrumentos Pediatric y Neonatal Trigger Tool. Resultados 203 profesionales participaron en el estudio. Se verificó que el dimensionamiento del personal de enfermería era adecuado. Las condiciones de trabajo fueron favorables y el valor Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,90 (CI = 0,87 - 0,92). Los eventos más frecuentes detectados en los pacientes fueron la infección y la lesión de la piel. El análisis estadístico de la correlación y la ocurrencia del evento adverso no mostró ninguna significación. Conclusión Aunque no se evidencia una asociación estadística entre las variables, los resultados demuestran el compromiso de la administración pública y los profesionales con la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención.
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the association between intensive nursing staff's work conditions and the occurrence of adverse events in patients. Method Evaluative documentary study conducted in six public neonatal and pediatric Intensive Care Units from hospitals in Paraná state, from April 2017 to January 2018. The predictive variables concerning staff sizing and work environment were measured through the instruments Nursing Activities Score and Brazilian Nursing Work Index-Revised. The thirty adverse events corresponded to the outcome variable and were detected using the instruments Pediatric and Neonatal Trigger Tool. Results Two-hundred and three professionals participated in this research. The nursing staff sizing was verified to be appropriate. Work conditions were favorable and Cronbach's Alpha was 0.90 (IC= 0.87 - 0.92). The most frequently detected events in patients were infection and skin lesion. The statistical analysis of correlation and adverse event occurrence was not significant. Conclusion Despite the lack of evidence on statistical significance between the variables, the results reveal commitment by the public sector and professionals with patient safety and assistance quality.
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Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Enfermería de Cuidados Críticos , Enfermería Pediátrica , Seguridad del PacienteRESUMEN
Influenza constitutes a major challenge to world health authorities due to high transmissibility and the capacity to generate large epidemics. This study aimed to characterize the diffusion process of influenza A (H1N1) by identifying the starting point of the epidemic as well as climatic and sociodemographic factors associated with the occurrence and intensity of transmission of the disease. The study was carried out in the Brazilian state of Paraná, where H1N1 caused the largest impact. The units of spatial and temporal analysis were the municipality of residence of the cases and the epidemiological weeks of the year 2009, respectively. Under the Bayesian paradigm, parametric inference was performed through a two-part spatiotemporal model and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) algorithm. We identified the most likely starting points through the effective distance measure based on mobility networks. The proposed estimation methodology allowed for rapid and efficient implementation of the spatiotemporal model, and provided evidence of different patterns for chance of occurrence and risk of influenza throughout the epidemiological weeks. The results indicate the capital city of Curitiba as the probable starting point, and showed that the interventions that focus on municipalities with greater migration and density of people, especially those with higher Human Development Indexes (HDIs) and the presence of municipal air and road transport, could play an important role in mitigation of effects of future influenza pandemics on public health. These results provide important information on the process of introduction and spread of influenza, and could contribute to the identification of priority areas for surveillance as well as establishment of strategic measures for disease prevention and control. The proposed model also allows identification of epidemiological weeks with high chance of influenza occurrence, which can be used as a reference criterion for creating an immunization campaign schedule.