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As heterogeneous photocatalysts that can effectively transform CO2 to CO, two MOFs with different metal centers, namely, [M(tipe)(H2O)2](ClO4)2·solvent (M = Ni named as Ni-MOF and M = Co referred to as Co-MOF), were synthesized by reactions of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)ethene (tipe) with the corresponding metal perchlorate. Both Ni-MOF and Co-MOF have 3D structures, in which the metal centers have the same coordination environment with the N4O2 donor set. Driven by visible light, the CO production catalyzed by Co-MOF is 6734.1 µmol g-1 with 45.3% selectivity, and in contrast, Ni-MOF has 4601.3 µmol g-1 CO production with 97.6% selectivity in 5 h. Through photoelectrochemical characterization, DFT calculations, and in situ FT-IR measurements, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process catalyzed by Ni-MOF and Co-MOF was investigated. The results show that the metal center of the MOF is crucial for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This work offers an innovative approach for controlling the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction through tuning the metal centers of architectures.

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According to the diagnostic criteria for HHV-8 (human herpesvirus-8) negative/idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) proposed by Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) in 2017, there is a group of HHV-8 negative multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) patients who do not have symptoms and hyperinflammatory state and do not meet the iMCD criteria. This retrospective study enrolled 114 such patients, described as asymptomatic MCD (aMCD), from 26 Chinese centers from 2000-2021. With a median follow-up time of 46.5 months (range: 4-279 months), 6 patients (5.3%) transformed to iMCD. The median time between diagnosis of aMCD and iMCD in these 6 patients was 28.5 months (range: 3-60 months). During follow-up, 7 patients died; three of them died from progression of MCD. Despite that 37.7% patients received systemic treatment targeting MCD, this strategy was neither associated with a lower probability of iMCD transformation nor a lower death rate. The 5-year estimated survival of all aMCD patients was 94.1% (95% CI 88.8-99.6%). Transformation to iMCD was an important predictor of death (log-rank p=0.01) (5-year estimated survival 83.3%). This study suggests that aMCD patients may represent a potential early stage of iMCD, who may not require immediate treatment but should be closely monitored.

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Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of Sanguinoderma from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. Sanguinoderma concentricum, S. dehongense and S. ovisporum, are introduced. Sanguinoderma concentricum is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4-8 × 17-28 µm). Sanguinoderma dehongense is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8-11 × 9-13 µm). Sanguinoderma ovisporum is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5-8.6 × 5.5-7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa.

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Polygonati rhizoma (Huangjing in Chinese) is a common clinical tonic with the traditional effects of tonifying Qi, nourishing Yin. However, the lack of precise control of processing parameters has led to the uneven quality of processed Huangjing. A prediction model using the CRITIC method optimizes processing by correlating method, component contents, and biological activity, ensuring consistent quality and efficacy.

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BACKGROUND: Accurately identifying drug-target affinity (DTA) plays a pivotal role in drug screening, design, and repurposing in pharmaceutical industry. It not only reduces the time, labor, and economic costs associated with biological experiments but also expedites drug development process. However, achieving the desired level of computational accuracy for DTA identification methods remains a significant challenge. RESULTS: We proposed a novel multi-view-based graph deep model known as MvGraphDTA for DTA prediction. MvGraphDTA employed a graph convolutional network (GCN) to extract the structural features from original graphs of drugs and targets, respectively. It went a step further by constructing line graphs with edges as vertices based on original graphs of drugs and targets. GCN was also used to extract the relationship features within their line graphs. To enhance the complementarity between the extracted features from original graphs and line graphs, MvGraphDTA fused the extracted multi-view features of drugs and targets, respectively. Finally, these fused features were concatenated and passed through a fully connected (FC) network to predict DTA. CONCLUSIONS: During the experiments, we performed data augmentation on all the training sets used. Experimental results showed that MvGraphDTA outperformed the competitive state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets for DTA prediction. Additionally, we evaluated the universality and generalization performance of MvGraphDTA on additional datasets. Experimental outcomes revealed that MvGraphDTA exhibited good universality and generalization capability, making it a reliable tool for drug-target interaction prediction.

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Cellulose stabilized multiphase systems (CSMS) have garnered significant attention due to their ultra-stabilization mechanism and vast potential across different fields. CSMS have found valuable applications in scientific disciplines, including Food Science, Pharmaceutical Science, Material Science, and related fields, owing to their beneficial attributes such as sustainability, safety, renewability, and non-toxicity. Furthermore, MPS exhibit novel characteristics that enable multiple mechanisms to produce HIPEs, aerogels, and oleogels revealing undiscovered information. Therefore, to explore the undiscovered phenomena of MPS, molecular level insights using advanced simulation/computational approaches are essential. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), play a valuable role in analyzing the interactions of ternary interphase. The MDS have successfully quantified the interactions of MPS by generating, visualizing, and analyzing trajectories. Through MDS, researchers have explored CSMS at the molecular level and advanced their applications in 3D printing, packaging, preparation, drug delivery, encapsulation, biosensors, electronic devices, biomaterials, and energy conservation. This review highlights the remarkable advancements in CSMS over the past five years, along with contributions of MDS in evaluating the relationships that dictate the functionality and properties of CSMS. By integrating experimental and computational methods, we underscore the potential to innovate and optimize these multiphase systems for groundbreaking applications.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate different patterns of coronal deformity secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to propose relevant treatment strategies, and to assess efficacy of asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy (APSO). METHODS: Coronal deformity was defined as coronal Cobb angle over 20º or coronal balance distance (CBD) more than 3 cm. 65 consecutive AS patients with concomitant coronal and sagittal deformity who underwent PSO were included. The average follow-up time was 40.4 months. Radiographic evaluation included coronal Cobb angle and CBD. Furthermore, sagittal parameters were used to assess magnitude and maintenance of kyphosis correction. RESULTS: Based on curve characteristics, coronal deformity caused by AS included four different radiologic patterns: Pattern I: lumbar scoliosis; Pattern II: C-shaped thoracolumbar curve; Pattern III: trunk shift without major curve; Pattern IV: proximal thoracic scoliosis. APSO was performed for patients in Pattern I to III while conventional PSO was applied for patients in Pattern IV. Significant improvement in all the sagittal parameters were noted in 65 patients without obvious correction loss at the last follow-up. Besides, significant and sustained correction of coronal mal-alignment was identified in 59 APSO-treated patients. Rod fracture occurred in four cases and revision surgery was performed for one case. CONCLUSION: According to radiologic manifestations, coronal deformity caused by AS could be categorized into four patterns. APSO proved to be a feasible and effective procedure for correction of Pattern I to III patients. Coronal deformity pattern, apex location, sagittal profile of lumbar spine and preoperative hip function should be considered for osteotomy level selection in APSO.

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X-ray images typically contain complex background information and abundant small objects, posing significant challenges for object detection in security tasks. Most existing object detection methods rely on complex networks and high computational costs, which poses a challenge to implement lightweight models. This article proposes Fine-YOLO to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the security domain. First, a low-parameter feature aggregation (LPFA) structure is designed for the backbone feature network of YOLOv7 to enhance its ability to learn more information with a lighter structure. Second, a high-density feature aggregation (HDFA) structure is proposed to solve the problem of loss of local details and deep location information caused by the necked feature fusion network in YOLOv7-Tiny-SiLU, connecting cross-level features through max-pooling. Third, the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) method is employed to alleviate the convergence complexity resulting from the extreme sensitivity of bounding box regression to small objects. The proposed Fine-YOLO model is evaluated on the EDS dataset, achieving a detection accuracy of 58.3% with only 16.1 M parameters. In addition, an auxiliary validation is performed on the NEU-DET dataset, the detection accuracy reaches 73.1%. Experimental results show that Fine-YOLO is not only suitable for security, but can also be extended to other inspection areas.

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BACKGROUND: The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), served as a novel inflammatory biomarker, is the synthesis of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. AIMS: We hypothesized that SIRI has predictive value for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and long-term mortality in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: We retrospectively observed 5685 patients undergoing elective PCI from January 2012 to December 2018. Venous blood samples were collected to obtain the experimental data on the day of admission or the morning of the next day. SIRI = neutrophil count × monocyte count/lymphocyte count. CA-AKI was defined as an increase of 50% or 0.3 mg/dl in SCr from baseline within 48 h after contrast exposure. RESULTS: The incidence of CA-AKI was 6.1% (n = 352). The best cutoff value of SIRI for predicting CA-AKI was 1.39, with a sensitivity of 52.3% and a specificity of 67.3%. [AUC: 0.620, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.590-0.651, p < 0.001]. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate analysis showed that the high SIRI group (SIRI > 1.39) was a strong independent predictor of CA-AKI in patients undergoing elective PCI compared with the low SIRI group (SIRI ≤ 1.39) (odds ratio = 1.642, 95% CI: 1.274-2.116, p < 0.001). Additionally, COX regression analysis showed that SIRI > 1.39 was significantly associated with long-term mortality at a median follow-up of 2.8 years. [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.448, 95%CI: 1.188-1.765; p < 0.001]. Besides, Kaplan-Meier survival curve also indicated that the cumulative rate of mortality was considerably higher in the high SIRI group. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of SIRI are independent predictors of CA-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing elective PCI.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to explore the predictive value of free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio (FT3/FT4) on contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and poor prognosis in euthyroid patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: The present study included 3,116 euthyroid patients who underwent elective PCI. The main outcome was CA-AKI, and the secondary outcome was long-term mortality. All patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of FT3/FT4 levels. RESULTS: During hospitalization, a total of 160 cases (5.1%) of CA-AKI occurred. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a linear and negative relationship between FT3/FT4 and CA-AKI risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.2621). Besides, the fully-adjusted logistic regression model revealed that patients in tertile 3 (low FT3/FT4 group) had 1.82 times [odds ratio (OR): 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-3.02, P = 0.016] as high as the risk of CA-AKI than those in tertile 1 (high FT3/FT4 group). Similarly, patients in tertile 3 were observed to have a higher incidence of long-term mortality [fully-adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.58, 95% CI: 1.07-2.32, P = 0.021]. Similarly, the Kaplan-Meier curves displayed significant differences in long-term mortality among the three groups (log-rank test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In euthyroid patients undergoing elective PCI, low levels of FT3/FT4 were independently associated with an increased risk of CA-AKI and long-term mortality. Routine evaluation of FT3/FT4 may aid in risk stratification and guide treatment decisions within this particular patient group.

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Purpose: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine is crucial for the risk assessment of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). In recent, the difference between cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) has been widely documented. We aimed to explore whether intraindividual differences between eGFRcys and eGFRcr had potential value for CA-AKI risk assessment in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients and Methods: From January 2012 to December 2018, we retrospectively observed 5049 patients receiving elective PCI. To determine eGFR, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were measured. CA-AKI was defined as serum creatinine being increased ≥ 50% or 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h after contrast agents exposure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as the eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: Approximately half of the participants (2479, 49.1%) had a baseline eGFRdiff (eGFRcys-eGFRcr) between -15 and 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Restricted cubic splines analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between eGFRdiff and CA-AKI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with the reference group (-15 to 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), the negative-eGFRdiff group (less than -15 mL/min/1.73 m2) had a higher risk of CA-AKI (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.57-4.64). Furthermore, patients were divided into four groups based on CKD identified by eGFRcys or eGFRcr. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that patients with either CKDcys (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 2.19-3.95, P < 0.001) or CKDcr (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.19-4.63, P < 0.001) had an elevated risk of CA-AKI compared to those without CKDcys and CKDcr. Conclusion: There are frequent intraindividual differences between eGFRcys and eGFRcr, and these differences can be used to forecast the risk of CA-AKI.

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Expanded graphite (EG) stands out as a promising material for the negative electrode in potassium-ion batteries. However, its full potential is hindered by the limited diffusion pathway and storage sites for potassium ions, restricting the improvement of its electrochemical performance. To overcome this challenge, defect engineering emerges as a highly effective strategy to enhance the adsorption and reaction kinetics of potassium ions on electrode materials. This study delves into the specific effectiveness of defects in facilitating potassium storage, exploring the impact of defect-rich structures on dynamic processes. Employing ball milling, we introduce surface defects in EG, uncovering unique effects on its electrochemical behavior. These defects exhibit a remarkable ability to adsorb a significant quantity of potassium ions, facilitating the subsequent intercalation of potassium ions into the graphite structure. Consequently, this process leads to a higher potassium voltage. Furthermore, the generation of a diluted stage compound is more pronounced under high voltage conditions, promoting the progression of multiple stage reactions. Consequently, the EG sample post-ball milling demonstrates a notable capacity of 286.2 mAh g-1 at a current density of 25 mA g-1, showcasing an outstanding rate capability that surpasses that of pristine EG. This research not only highlights the efficacy of defect engineering in carbon materials but also provides unique insights into the specific manifestations of defects on dynamic processes, contributing to the advancement of potassium-ion battery technology.

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Currently, the desired research focus in energy storage technique innovation has been gradually shifted to next-generation aqueous batteries holding both high performance and sustainability. However, aqueous Zn-I2 batteries have been deemed to have great sustainable potential, owing to the merits of cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. However, their commercial application is hindered by the serious shuttle effect of polyiodides during reversible operations. In this work, a Janus functional binder based on chitosan (CTS) molecules was designed and prepared; the polar terminational groups impart excellent mechanical robustness to hybrid binders; meanwhile, it can also deliver isochronous enhancement on physical adsorption and redox kinetics toward I2 species. By feat of highly effective remission to shuttle effect, the CTS cell exhibits superb electrochemical storage capacities with long-term robustness, specifically, 144.1 mAh g-1, at a current density of 0.2 mA g-1 after 1500 cycles. Simultaneously, the undesired self-discharging issue could be also well-addressed; the Coulombic efficiency could remain at 98.8 % after resting for 24 h. More importantly, CTS molecules endow good biodegradability and reusable properties; after iodine species were reloaded, the recycled devices could also deliver specific capacities of 73.3 mAh g-1, over 1000 cycles. This Janus binder provides a potential synchronous solution to realize high comprehensive performance with high iodine utilization and further make it possible for sustainable Zn-I2 batteries.

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Postzygotic reproductive isolation, which results in the irreversible divergence of species, is commonly accompanied by hybrid sterility, necrosis/weakness, or lethality in the F1 or other offspring generations. Here we show that the loss of function of HWS1 and HWS2, a couple of duplicated paralogs, together confer complete interspecific incompatibility between Asian and African rice. Both of these non-Mendelian determinants encode the putative Esa1-associated factor 6 (EAF6) protein, which functions as a characteristic subunit of the histone H4 acetyltransferase complex regulating transcriptional activation via genome-wide histone modification. The proliferating tapetum and inappropriate polar nuclei arrangement cause defective pollen and seeds in F2 hybrid offspring due to the recombinant HWS1/2-mediated misregulation of vitamin (biotin and thiamine) metabolism and lipid synthesis. Evolutionary analysis of HWS1/2 suggests that this gene pair has undergone incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and multiple gene duplication events during speciation. Our findings have not only uncovered a pair of speciation genes that control hybrid breakdown but also illustrate a passive mechanism that could be scaled up and used in the guidance and optimization of hybrid breeding applications for distant hybridization.

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BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP), representing 10% of all acute pancreatitis cases, is characterized by younger onset age and more severe progression, often leading to higher ICU admission rates. This condition poses a significant challenge due to its rapid progression and the potential for severe complications, including multiple organ failure. HTG-AP is distinct from other forms of pancreatitis, such as those caused by cholelithiasis or alcohol, in terms of clinical presentation and outcomes. It's essential to identify early markers that can predict the severity of HTG-AP to improve patient management and outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study divided 127 HTG-AP patients into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP, n=71) and moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP/SAP, n=56) groups. Blood biological indicators within the first 24 hours of admission were analyzed. Risk factors for HTG-AP progression were determined using binary logistic regression and ROC curves. RESULTS Elevated levels of HCT, NLR, TBI, DBI, AST, Cre, and AMS were noted in the MSAP/SAP group, with lower levels of LYM, Na⁺, Ca²âº, ApoA, and ApoB compared to the MAP group (p<0.05). NEUT%, Ca²âº, ApoA, and ApoB were significantly linked with HTG-AP severity. Their combined ROC analysis yielded an area of 0.81, with a sensitivity of 61.8% and specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS NEUT%, Ca²âº, ApoA, and ApoB are significant risk factors for progressing to MSAP/SAP in HTG-AP. Their combined assessment provides a reliable predictive measure for early intervention in patients at risk of severe progression.

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Cu(II) supramolecular assemblies [Cu2(tipe)2(H2O)2](NO3)4·2.5H2O (CuN4) and [Cu2Cl4(tipe)(CH3CN)]·H2O (CuN2Cl2) (tipe = 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)ethene) were synthesized and utilized for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CuN4 exhibits CO production of up to 891 µmol gcat-1 with a selectivity of 79.9%, while CuN2Cl2 gives low CO production of 206 µmol gcat-1 but with a high selectivity of >99.9% in 5 h. The experimental and DFT calculation results indicate that the coordination environment and non-covalent interactions within the assemblies have a great impact on the photocatalytic CO2 reduction behavior. This work provides useful insights on Cu(II) assembly catalyzed CO2 photoreduction.

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PURPOSE: Inflammation is commonly considered a mechanism underlying contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). This study aimed to explore the predictive capability of the novel inflammatory marker lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio (LAR) for CA-AKI following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and further compare it with other common inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: This study enrolled 5,435 patients undergoing elective PCI. The primary outcome was CA-AKI, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. All patients were grouped into three groups based on the LAR tertiles. RESULTS: Three hundred fifteen patients (5.8%) experienced CA-AKI during hospitalization. The fully adjusted logistic regression suggested a significant increase in the risk of CA-AKI in LAR Tertile 3 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68-3.83, p < .001) and Tertile 2 (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.42-3.20, p < .001) compared to Tertile 1. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that LAR exhibited significantly superior predictive capability for CA-AKI compared to other inflammatory biomarkers. Regarding the secondary outcome, multivariate COX regression analysis showed a positive correlation between elevated LAR levels and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing elective PCI, LAR was significantly independently associated with CA-AKI, and it stood out as the optimal inflammatory biomarker for predicting CA-AKI.

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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gradually become one of the most promising energy storage techniques in the current era of post-lithium-ion batteries. For anodes, transitional metal selenides (TMSe) based materials are welcomed choices , owing to relatively higher specific capacities and enriched redox active sites. Nevertheless, current bottlenecks are blamed for their poor intrinsic electronic conductivities, and uncontrollable volume expansion during redox reactions. Given that, an interfacial-confined isochronous conversion strategy is proposed, to prepare orthorhombic/cubic biphasic TMSe heterostructure, namely CuSe/Cu3 VSe4 , through using MXene as the precursor, followed by Cu/Se dual anchorage. As-designed biphasic TMSe heterostructure endows unique hierarchical structure, which contains adequate insertion sites and diffusion spacing for Na ions, besides, the surficial pseudocapacitive storage behaviors can be also proceeded like 2D MXene. By further investigation on electronic structure, the theoretical calculations indicate that biphasic CuSe/Cu3 VSe4 anode exhibits well-enhanced properties, with smaller bandgap and thus greatly improves intrinsic poor conductivities. In addition, the dual redox centers can enhance the electrochemical Na ions storage abilities. As a result, the as-designed biphasic TMSe anode can deliver a reversible specific capacity of 576.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , favorable Na affinity, and reduced diffusion barriers. This work discloses a synchronous solution toward demerits in conductivities and lifespan, which is inspiring for TMSe-based anode development in SIBs systems.

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BACKGROUND: High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered as "good cholesterol". Recent evidence suggests that a high HDL-C level may increase the risk of poor outcomes in some populations. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between HDL-C levels and poor outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Patients undergoing PCI during January 2012 and December 2018 were consecutively recruited and divided into three groups with different HDL-C levels: HDL-C ≤ 25 mg/dL, 25 < HDL-C ≤ 60 mg/dL, HDL-C > 60 mg/dL by the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and assessed for all-cause mortality (ACM). The association between HDL-C levels and poor outcomes was assessed by multivariable cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The patients were followed with a median duration of 4 years. Of the 7284 participants, 727 all-cause deaths and 334 cardiovascular deaths occurred. A V-shaped association of HDL-C with the prognosis was observed, patients with either excessively low or high HDL-C levels reporting a higher risk than those with midrange values. After adjustment for confounding factors, the former exhibited a higher cumulative rate of ACM and cardiovascular mortality (CM) than the latter [low HDL-C: for ACM, hazard ratio (HR), 1.96; 95%CI, 1.41, 2.73, P < 0.001; for CM, HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.03, 2.67; P = 0.037; high HDL-C: for ACM, HR, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.29, 2.32, P < 0.001; for CM, HR, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.16, 2.58; P = 0.007]. CONCLUSION: HDL-C levels display a V-shaped association with poor outcomes in patients after PCI, with excessively high or low HDL-C suggesting a higher mortality risk. An optimal HDL-C level may fall in the range of 25-60 mg/dL.

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