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Ten percent of the monkeys (more then 400 animals) from P. hamadrias herd of Sukhumi monkey colony died of a 20 year-long enzootic of malignant lymphoma associated with STLV-1 retrovirus. Retrospective analysis revealed regular (in more than 80% of cases) development of prelymphoma preceded by malignant process for a considerable time (up to 10 years or more). Prelymphoma occurred as mild hemopoietic inhibition including lymphopoiesis. Clinico-morphological signs of prelymphoma were: hypoplasia, edema and discomplexation in lymph nodes, anemia and inflammatory, i. e. degenerative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.

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114 baboons with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were examined, by using the morphoimmunological phenotyping technique. According to the Kiel classification, 14 types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas of high and low malignancy are identified and described. These include 8 T-cell lymphomas and six B-cell NHL. Some morphoimmunological characteristics were found. The morphological cell atypia coincided with the abnormal immunotype of tumor cells. The nosological type of hemoblastosis in the baboons is characterized by the development of mainly malignant lymphomas.

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Immunophenotyping of cultured continuous simian lymphoid cultures using a panel containing monoclonal antibodies to human B- and T-cell antigens has been carried out, by employing enzyme immunoassay and flow cytofluorometry. The test cultures showed a wide variety of cells containing B- and T-cell antigens with their varying expression. The cultures were also found to comprise lymphoblasts simultaneously containing B- and T-cell markers. Simian lymphotropic viruses, such as EBV-like and STLV-1 retrovirus, detected apart or simultaneously, have been verified by polymerase chain reaction. Whether there is a possible relationship between the type of cells in the culture and the type of their replicating virus(es) is discussed in the paper.

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Four lymphoid cell cultures obtained from Papio hamadryads with malignant lymphomas were studied. The cultured cells produced two lymphotropic EBV-like herpes virus of Papio (HVP) and T-lymphotropic monkey retrovirus STLV-1 (HTLV-1 family) or HVP alone. More than 100 subcultured cell lines were shown to remain mixed B- and T-cellular, the levels of T cells of different subpopulations were 15-50%. Cytogenetic investigations showed that one of the 4 cultures was tumorogenic and the others were derived from the normal cells of monkeys with malignant lymphomas. It is suggested that the presence of a cultural virus (viruses) may affect the karyotypes of cells.

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8 cytological types were detected among 58 cases of T-NHL of Papio hamadryas according to human updated Kiel classification (1988). 5 of them were of low grade (lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, T-zone, angioimmunoblastic, small cell pleomorphic) and 3-of high grade (medium and large cell pleomorphic, immunoblastic, large cell anaplastic CD30/Ki-1+). There are differences in a tumor structure and generalization in baboon and human lymphomas in spite of significant similarities. STLV-1 presence (antibodies in blood and virus genome fragments in the lymphoma cell DNA) detected by PCR-amplification in 7 investigated types of baboon T-NHL. CD4+ immune phenotypes were predominant in T-cell baboon lymphomas, while CD8+ phenotypes were rare. Abnormal phenotypes in some cases were also detected in the three-color FACS-analyses.

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Large-cell anaplastic malignant lymphoma of T-type (T-LCAL) as an original form among human non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in Updated Kiel Classification (1988) was defined. In human pathology T-LCAL presents a considerable diagnostic difficulties and is not associated with HTLV except some cutaneous forms. Comparative examination was carried out in 5 cases of baboon T-LCAL as a part of long-term investigation of the lymphoma outbreak in Sukhumi monkey stock. In tumor-bearing baboons routine morphological methods, immuno-morphological phenotyping of lymphoma cells with panel of MoAT and polyclonal antibodies to T- and B-lymphoid cell antigens and antigens of cell activation, including CD30 antigen, in cell suspension and on cryostate sections were used. STLV-provirus integration in DNA of lymphoma cells in PCR was determined. Diagnostically important morphological features of baboon and human T-LCAL include pronounced anaplasia and anisocytosis of CD30-positive large blast cells, tumour cell tendency to infiltrate sinuses and vascular walls. The presence of T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8 in our cases) and antigens of cell activation (CD25, HLA-DR) were found. In DNA of baboon lymph node lymphomas (also in the cases without skin involvement) env- and tax-fragments of STLV-1 provirus were detected.

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the detection of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) infection of P. hamadryas and direct sequencing using oligo-nucleotide primer pairs specific for the tax and env regions of the related human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Excellent specificity was shown in the detection of STLV-1 provirus in infected baboons by PCR using HTLV-1-derived primers. The nucleotide sequences of env 467bp and tax 159bp of the proviral genome (env position 5700-6137, tax position 7373-7498 HTLV-1, according to Seiki et al., 1983) derived from STLV-1-infected P. hamadryas were analysed using PCR and direct sequencing techniques. Two STLV-1 isolates from different sources (Sukhumi main-SuTLV-1 and forest stocks-STLV-1F) were compared. Two variants of STLV-1 among P. hamadryas with different level of homology to HTLV-1 were wound (83.8% and 95.2%, respectively). A possible role of nucleotide changes in env and tax sequenced fragments and oncogenicity of STLV-1 variants is discussed.

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The gangliosides from the lymph nodes and blood sera of normal and T-lymphomic baboons were studied. In lymph nodes the major gangliosides were identified as GM3 and GD3, those in blood sera--as GM3, GM1 and GD3. Gangliosides GM3 and GD3 contained N-acetyl as well as N-glycoloyl neuraminic acids. In gangliosides isolated from lymph nodes and blood sera of T-lymphomic baboons the levels of N-glycoloyl neuraminic acid markedly exceeded that in normal tissues. In tumour lymph nodes the GM3/GD3 ratio was shifted towards GD3.

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Due to the fact that there were difficulties in interpreting the cardiac scintigrams after 99mTC pyrophosphate had been given to patients with coronary heart disease without acute myocardial infarction, an experimental study was undertaken. The scintigraphic characteristics were examined in 10 cats following ligation of the interventricular artery at its middle third for more than 20 min, followed by myocardial reperfusion, histochemical and electron microscopic studies. Cat interventricular artery occlusion for a more than 20 min was found to be followed by specific ischemic changes in ECG and myocardial accumulation of 99mTc pyrophosphate. The histochemical and electron microscopic studies indicated that there were both reversible and irreversible cardiomyocyte lesions. Reversible myocardial changes were detected not only in the ischemic area, but in the other myocardial regions away from the basin of the ligated artery. If occlusion was short, the rate of myocardial tracer accumulation rapidly became lower; with long-term occlusion or profound myocardial damage caused by reperfusion, tracer accumulation became higher. There is experimental evidence for applying 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy in the clinical setting to reveal reversible myocardial changes that are most common in chronic coronary heart disease.

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Thermographic results were analyzed in 40 lung cancer patients and in 2 patients with acute pneumonia. The diagnosis and spreading of disease were established during x-ray, bronchological and morphological investigations. Normal temperature distribution was observed on the skin surface of lung cancer patients. The appearance of local hyperthermia did not depend on a stage of lung cancer. The sensitivity of chromo-thermography in establishing lung changes in tumors was 80% but thermosemiotics was not specific for cancer only. Similar thermosemiotics was noted in acute pneumonia. Comparative assessment of temperature distribution on the chest surface and perfusion scintigraphy in 24 patients made it possible to give correct interpretation of various temperature drop values in hyperthermia.

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The authors proposed a method for the determination of differences in the rate of evacuation of 3 types of test breakfast: boiled semolina, boiled semolina with proteins or fat. Evacuatory function of the gastroduodenal system was investigated in healthy persons and in patients using a gamma-camera. The results obtained have shown that in a majority of healthy persons carbohydrate breakfast was evacuated at the highest rate, breakfast with egg protein was evacuated slower, and breakfast with butter was evacuated even much slower. In duodenal ulcer the rate of evacuation of all 3 types of breakfasts was slowed down, and evacuation was undifferentiated (all 3 types were evacuated at the same slow rate). In patients with liver cirrhosis the evacuation of carbohydrate and protein breakfasts was slow, in calculous cholecystitis these types of breakfasts differed slightly as a result of the slow evacuation of carbohydrate breakfast. The evacuation of breakfast with butter was inhibited almost to the same degree. These results indicate the complex nature of gastric content evacuatory disorders in gastroenterologic patients, and it should be taken into account in differential diagnosis and therapy.

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The time course of myocardial 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation 1 hour after a bicycle ergometric test versus the resting scintigraphic findings was correlated with the severity of chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) and long-term prognosis. A group of the patients who had higher radiotracer accumulation following the exercise showed the most severe disease and unfavorable prognosis (in this group 19.4% deaths were observed during a three-year follow-up). A single administration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate followed by scintigraphy 2 hours after bicycle ergometry and repeated scintigraphy 1 hour later allows one to assess the time course of myocardial radiotracer accumulation and to judge how the myocardium is supplied by blood.

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The association of simian T-cell leukemia virus with baboons malignant lymphoma was studied. Proviral DNA integrated in cells of lymphoid organs was detected in 19 of 21 sick animals examined. Only 4 of 10 monkeys from high risk colony without clinical manifestations had virus-specific sequences in their cellular DNAs. As a rule, S(H)TLV-I-infected cells monoclonally proliferated both in lymphomatous and healthy baboons. The restriction patterns with EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, BamHI of S(H)TLV-I provirus were similar but not identical to those of prototype HTLV-I and STLV-I isolates.

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Morphological and immunological phenotyping was carried out on 20 cases of peripheral baboon T-cell non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHL) observed in a Sukhumi monkey colony. Morphologically, the lymphomas were prolymphocytic, immunoblastic, or rarely lymphoblastic types. For immunophenotyping studies, the panel of 29 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to human or mouse leukocytic antigens were used (18 CD clusters). Three polyclonal sera to human IgG and light chains kappa and lambda were also taken in experiments. The investigated NHLs and CD4+CD8- (12 cases) or CD4-CB8+ (5 cases) phenotypes. In some cases loss of pan T-cell antigens or unusual antigen expression--loss (one case) or coexpression (two cases) of T-subset antigens--or the presence of abnormal lymphoid antigens have been revealed. In most studies, baboon T-cell NHLs tumor cells belonged to activated T-cells because they expressed Ia-like antigens and IL2R at high levels. There was no correlation between the discovered immunophenotype and the morphological pattern of malignant lymphomas.

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Histological, cytochemical and ultrastructural investigation of immunologically typed B-cell non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHL) of primates (model system on baboons) revealed 15 cases of malignant lymphomas originating from germinal centre cells of lymph nodes follicles. By the tumour cell type centroblastic (CB), centroblastic/centrocytic (CB/CC) and centrocytic (CB), malignant lymphomas were distinguished (according to Kiel classification). In case of CB NHL, tumours, as a rule, are of nodular type. Tumours, in which centrocytic infiltration predominates, are characterized by diffuse type of growth in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. Generalized process affects mainly lymph nodes and to considerably lower degree involves spleen and nonlymphoid parenchymatous organs.

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