RESUMEN
The relationship between HIV knowledge and testing behavior is poorly understood among young Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-American women. This study assesses: (1) levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge, (2) lifetime and annual prevalence of HIV testing, and (3) whether higher levels of HIV knowledge were associated with increased likelihood of testing after controlling for HIV risk behaviors. Fifty-one percent reported lifetime HIV testing (n=117); among those tested, 53% were tested within the past year. A significant and positive association between scores on the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV KQ-45) and HIV testing was identified. This association was no longer statistically significant after controlling for sexual risk behaviors. Participants were most knowledgeable about HIV symptoms (88.6%) and least knowledgeable about treatment options (56.8%). Future studies should further characterize cultural factors affecting these women's sexual practices, as well develop culturally adapted HIV educational interventions to increase HIV knowledge and testing rates.
RESUMEN
We report distress levels and functional outcomes based on self-reported pre-existing mental health conditions among U.S. young adults (N=898) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 13-May 19, 2020). Depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, as well as COVID-19-related concerns, sleep problems, and quality of life were compared across the following pre-existing mental health groups: 1) no diagnosis, 2) suspected diagnosis, 3) diagnosed and untreated, and 4) diagnosed and treated. Compared to those without a diagnosis, the likelihood of scoring above the clinical threshold for those with a diagnosis - whether treated or not - was more than six-fold for depression, and four-to six-fold for anxiety and PTSD. Individuals with a suspected diagnosis were 3 times more likely to score above the clinical threshold for depression and anxiety and 2 times more as likely to score above this threshold for PTSD compared to those with no diagnosis. We also present higher levels of COVID-19-related worry and grief, poorer sleep, and poorer reported health-related quality of life among those with either a suspected or reported mental health diagnosis. Findings provide evidence of vulnerability among individuals with a mental health diagnosis or suspected mental health concerns during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/psicología , Distrés Psicológico , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/psicología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
South Korea has had remarkably high incidence and prevalence rates of physical violence against children, yet the problem has received only limited public and professional attention until very recently. This article represents the first attempt in English to systematically analyze South Korea's recent epidemiological studies on child maltreatment. Discussed are sociocultural factors that have contributed both to delays in child protection laws and a low public awareness of the problem of child abuse. The article highlights methodological issues concerning the definition of physical abuse in South Korea and the complex attitudes toward violence. It also examines the role of the Korean women's movement in the reform of family laws and the recent establishment of new child protection legislation. Suggestions for future directions for the problem of child maltreatment within South Korea are presented.