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An incidental finding in urine smears from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial nephropathy is presented. A possible example of the potential value of urine cytology in functional renal disorders. We report a case of an incidental finding in urine cytology from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis, previously diagnosed as atypical urothelial cells.

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PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral panuveitis following Dostarlimab therapy for endometrial cancer. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 73-year-old woman with a history of endometrial cancer, previously treated with Dostarlimab (an immune checkpoint inhibitor), presented to the ophthalmology emergency department with decreased visual acuity in her left eye. Her medical history included immune-mediated thyroid involvement, which led to the discontinuation of Dostarlimab. Subsequently, she developed pneumonitis and pancreatitis. On initial examination in the emergency room, she had poor vision (hand motion in the right eye and 20/200 on the Snellen chart in the left eye), an inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber, with 1+ cells, small keratic precipitates and broad posterior synechiae in both eyes. Examination of the posterior pole revealed 3+ vitritis, which made it difficult to evaluate the retina. Treatment with oral and topical corticosteroids was initiated, resulting in an improvement in symptoms and the resolution of intraocular inflammation in several weeks. CONCLUSION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of various types of cancer, with their efficacy demonstrated in different clinical trials. However, they are also associated with a range of adverse reactions. To date, no ocular adverse reactions related to the use of Dostarlimab have been published. A case of bilateral panuveitis potentially induced by Dostarlimab is described.

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INTRODUCTION: Striated duct adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumour recently recognized by the World Health Organization. To date, no report has described the cytological features of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with a tumour in the right parotid gland with a diameter greater than 2.4 cm confirmed by imaging tests. RESULTS: Two fine-needle aspiration cytologies (FNAC) were performed with inconclusive results, reporting epithelioid and spindle-shaped cellularity, with little stroma, and nuclei with abundant pseudoinclusions. Myoepithelioma and Schwannoma were proposed as differential diagnoses. An immunocytochemical panel was performed, showing positivity for S-100, SOX10, CK7 and vimentin, and negativity for both myoepithelial (p63 and calponin) and thyroid markers. In the absence of a conclusive diagnosis, the patient accepted surgery. The biopsy results confirmed diagnosis of striated duct adenoma, with immunohistochemical features superimposable to cytology. CONCLUSION: Little information is available in the literature, both on biopsy and, more strikingly, on cytology of this neoplasm. The aim of this work is to provide cytological characteristics that allow diagnosis of this entity with FNAC and thus avoid unnecessary surgeries.

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Background: In Chile, patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) type I and type II are protected under Ley Ricarte Soto (LRS), which guarantees access to on demand plasma-derived C1-INH (pdC1-INH) since 2018. We aimed to analyze the first 3 years of LRS. Methods: Review of the LRS database between 2018 and 2021. Results: During the study period, 154 patients were covered by LRS, with an estimated prevalence of HAE in Chile at 0.8:100,000 inhabitants. A delay in diagnosis of 22 years was noted, 50 patients received epinephrine during an attack before the diagnosis of HAE. Mean number of attacks per year was 8, with 50% of adults and 42% of children experiencing more than 1 attack per month. Conclusion: Disease awareness must improve to reduce the diagnostic delay of HAE. Long-term prophylactic medications should be included in LRS to treat patients with high attack rates and control the costs of frequent on-demand treatment with pdC1-INH.

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Objectives: The hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland. This neoplasm has overlapping cytological features with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Medullary Carcinoma and Follicular Neoplasm with Nuclear Features of Papillary Carcinoma. This can lead to misdiagnosis of malignancy in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens with unnecessary total thyroidectomy. The aim of this study is to determine if there are some cytological features that could help us to suspect HTT on FNA specimens and avoid radical surgery. Material and Methods: With this purpose we have collected 6 cases diagnosed of HTT in Hospital Clínico San Carlos of Madrid (Spain) in the last 10 years and reviewed the cytological specimens. Result: We conclude that the presence of hyaline material in FNA specimens of HTT is a constant feature being a diagnostic clue. We must be cautious not to confuse it with dense colloid or amyloid material, the latter seen in Medullary Carcinoma. Papillary architecture and fibrovascular cores are not present in a HTT. Special stains as ki-67, calcitonin and Congo Red staining could help us in achieving the correct diagnosis. Conclusion: We feel the cytopathologists must be aware of the distinguishing features of this lesion, mainly the typical hyaline material to achieve a proper diagnosis and be able to reduce unnecessary aggressive management of these patients.

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Corneal dystrophies are hereditary diseases affecting the corneal tissue; they are bilateral, symmetrical and unrelated to environmental or systemic conditions. Congenital corneal stromal dystrophy is a very rare autosomal dominant dystrophy that is caused by a mutation in the DCN gene that encodes decorin (a proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix). We herein report 4 cases of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy in 2 families, highlighting the previously undescribed histopathologic features, the possible differential diagnosis of this entity and the key role played by decorin staining in its diagnosis.

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Resumen: El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en cuidadores chilenos de residencias de preescolares y lactantes que tenía como objetivo promover la respuesta sensible. La sensibilidad del adulto se ha asociado al desarrollo de apegos seguros por parte de los infantes a su cargo. Precisamente niñas y niños que crecen en un contexto residencial tienen muchas veces alterado el sistema de apego. El estudio comprendió una muestra de 14 cuidadores diurnos de la Fundación San José divididos en 4 grupos que recibieron cada uno 5 sesiones de video-feedback. Se encontraron diferencias significativas previo y posterior a la intervención en el puntaje de sensibilidad total, en la subescala de responsividad y en la de sintonía. Los resultados preliminares son prometedores considerando que es una intervención novedosa.

Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundación San José institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.

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Abstract An experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the taste aversion conditioning paradigm in the generalization of aversion with palatable foods was performed. Ten experimentally naive females Wistar rats and three types of foods were used: a) standard purina rodent chow, b) vanilla flavor cookies and c) chocolate-flavored cookies. Subjects were divided into two groups, five subjects per group. Using the taste aversion conditioning paradigm protocol, subjects were exposed to the types of food keeping an intake record. The experiment demonstrated that rats can acquire an aversion to palatable foods accompanied by a tendency to generalize, when using elements that share characteristics such as nutritional content and texture. In addition, the intake of a food that does not share the characteristics of texture, taste, smell and energy content with the one used for conditioning was not been affected. These findings indicate that the aversion generalization seems to depend on the properties of the food used.

Resumen Se evaluó experimentalmente la efectividad del paradigma de aprendizaje aversivo gustativo en la generalización de la aversión utilizando alimentos palatables. Se utilizaron diez ratas Wistar hembras experimentalmente ingenuas y tres tipos de alimentos: a) purina comida estándar para roedores, b) galletas con sabor a vainilla y c) galletas con sabor a chocolate. Los sujetos fueron divididos en dos grupos, cinco sujetos en cada uno. Usando el paradigma de condicionamiento de aversión al sabor, los sujetos fueron expuestos a los tipos de alimentos manteniendo un registro de ingesta. El experimento demostró que las ratas pueden adquirir una aversión a los alimentos palatables acompañados por una tendencia a generalizarse, cuando se utilizan elementos que comparten características como el contenido nutricional y la textura. Además, la ingesta de un alimento que no comparte características como la textura, sabor, olor y contenido energético como el utilizado para el condicionamiento no se vio afectada. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la generalización de la aversión parece depender de las propiedades de los alimentos utilizados.

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ABSTRACT The organoleptic characteristics of sucrose encourage its consumption in excessive amounts that result in increased body weight and possible involvement of other health indicators. In contrast, physical activity reduces body weight and promotes health and well-being, however the question remains as to what type of physical activity is the most effective to achieve those goals. The objective of the current study was to compare the effect of voluntary (VA) vs forced physical activity (FA) on body weight in organisms that consume sucrose daily. Twenty, three-month-old Wistar female rats were assigned either VA or FA; both groups were exposed to beverages with 8% sucrose concentration. The results showed that consuming sucrose daily increased body weight, despite being an active organism. However, this increase was by 11% in the VA group and 8.4% among the FA group. Therefore, although neither type of physical activity proposed in this study was effective to reduce body weight, FA influenced body weight gain less. Another interesting result was that VA registered a greater effect by reducing the consumption of sucrose. In conclusion, performing physical activity delays, but does not reverse, body weight gain from sucrose consumption.

RESUMEN Las características organolépticas de la sacarosa incentivan su consumo en cantidades excesivas que tienen como resultado el incremento del peso corporal y la posible afectación de otros indicadores de salud. En contraparte, la realización de actividad física reduce el peso corporal y favorece la salud y bienestar, pero ¿cuál es la manera más efectiva de realizar actividad física para lograr esos objetivos? Se planteó como objetivo comparar el efecto de la actividad física voluntaria (AV) contra el de la actividad física forzada (AF) sobre el peso corporal en organismos que consumen diariamente sacarosa. Se utilizaron veinte ratas hembras de la cepa Wistar de tres meses de edad, agrupadas en: (1) actividad voluntaria; (2) actividad forzada. Ambos expuestos a una bebida al 8% de concentración de sacarosa. Los resultados mostraron que consumir sacarosa diariamente incrementa el peso corporal, a pesar de ser un organismo activo. Sin embargo, este aumento fue en un 11% en AV y del 8.4% en AF. Por lo que, si bien ningún tipo de actividad física propuesto en este estudio fue efectivo para reducir el peso corporal, realizar actividad física de forma forzada influye en que la ganancia de el peso corporal sea menor. Otro resultado de interés, fue que realizar actividad física voluntaria registró un mayor efecto al reducir el consumo de sacarosa. En conclusión, realizar actividad fisica retrasa, pero no revierte la ganancia de peso corporal ante el consumo de sacarosa.

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BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a rare, debilitating, and potentially fatal disease. This study aims to quantify the economic burden of PAH in Spain. METHODS: The study was conducted from a societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs associated with incident and prevalent patients. Average annual costs per patient were estimated by multiplying the number of resources consumed by their unit cost, differentiating the functional class (FC) of the patient. Total annual costs per FC were also calculated, taking the 2020 prevalence and incidence ranges into account. An expert committee validated the information on resource consumption and provided primary information on pharmacological consumption. Unit costs were estimated using official tariffs and salaries in Spain. A deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the uncertainty of the model. RESULTS: The average annual total cost was estimated at €98,839 per prevalent patient (FC I-II: €65,233; FC III: €103,736; FC IV: €208,821), being €42,110 for incident patients (FC I-II: €25,666; FC III: €44,667; FC IV: €95,188). The total annual cost of PAH in Spain, taking into account a prevalence between 16.0 and 25.9 cases per million adult inhabitants (FC I-II 31.8%; FC III 61.3%; FC IV 6.9%) and an incidence of 3.7, was estimated at €67,891,405 to €106,131,626, depending on the prevalence considered. Direct healthcare costs accounted for 64% of the total cost, followed by indirect costs (24%), and direct non-healthcare costs (12%). The total costs associated with patients in FC I-II ranged between €14,161,651 and €22,193,954, while for patients in FC III costs ranged between €43,763,019 and €68,391,651, and for patients in FC IV between €9,966,735 and €15,546,021. In global terms, patients with the worst functional status (FC IV) account for only 6.9% of the adults suffering from PAH in Spain, but are responsible for 14.7% of the total costs. CONCLUSIONS: PAH places a considerable economic burden on patients and their families, the healthcare system, and society as a whole. Efforts must be made to improve the health and management of these patients since the early stages of the disease.

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Raspberry production and consumption have increased in recent years due to its polyphenol content such as anthocyanins and ketones, bioactive compounds that have been studied to reduce blood glucose levels and stabilize the blood lipid profile. The objective of this study was to systematically recover and review scientific evidence regarding the consumption of raspberry or its bioactive compounds and the action mechanisms involved in the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects they present. Original articles from in vitro and in vivo enzyme inhibition studies, animal models, and human clinical studies were compiled in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Studies showed satisfactory results regarding blood glucose level reduction after consumption of frozen or lyophilized raspberry, infusion of raspberry leaves, seed oil, as well as compounds, extracted from the fruit by inhibiting enzymes such as α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and other mechanisms that increase insulin production and insulin sensitivity. However, regarding the lipid-lowering effect, the results were heterogeneous, mainly in terms of stabilization in triglyceride levels. However, a reduction in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels is reported, as well as an increase in high-density lipoproteins. According to the results, raspberry can be included in the nonpharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemias; however, further research is considered necessary.

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Studies have shown that Chilean and US infants differ in their levels of self-regulation. One of the mechanisms of early socializing is the use of language, particularly mental state language. The current study seeks to deepen our knowledge of the ways in which mental state language is related to socialization processes in early childhood, including the ways both culture and children's gender influence a mothers' use of mental state talk. We used a quantitative and descriptive approach with 109 mothers and their children (64 Chilean and 45 US dyads), measured twice, at 12 and 30 months old. Mental state references related to regulation were coded during a story-sharing task, including positive (calm and patient) and negative (messy and impatient) references to regulating behavior. Chilean mothers generally showed more regulatory references than US mothers, especially if the children were at a younger age (12 month). Frequencies of regulatory references increased in US mothers at 30 months but were still less than in Chilean mothers. At the 12-month measuring point, Chilean mothers showed more negative regulatory attributes than positive regulatory attributes. Finally, US mothers mainly used references to secondary emotions (e.g., pride) and positive regulatory attributes (being obedient, mature and patient) at both ages.

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(1) Background: Maternal stress and depression are considered risk factors in children's socioemotional development, also showing high prevalence worldwide. (2) Method: Participants correspond to a longitudinal sample of 6335 mother/child pairs (18-72 months), who were surveyed in 2010 and then in 2012. The hypothesis was tested with SEM analysis, setting the child's internalized/externalized problems as dependent variable, maternal depression as independent variable, and stress as a partial mediator. (3) Results: Both depression during pregnancy and recent depression has not only a direct effect on the internalizing and externalizing symptomatology of the child, but also an indirect effect through parental stress. Significant direct and indirect relationships were found. (4) Conclusions: Maternal depression and the presence of parental stress can influence children's behavioral problems, both internalizing and externalizing.

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The aim of this research was to compare food intake dysfunctional patterns score with the subjective perception of anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in isolation by COVID-19 from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. A cross-sectional research was carried out, with a virtual questionnaire of subjective perception of anxiety and the questionnaire of three 18-item feeding factors. 958 people of both sexes participated (F = 83%, M = 17%), mainly in the 18 to 35 age range. Dysfunctional eating patterns presented high scores in people who perceived anxiety, as well as in participants from Chile. Additionally, it was found that women present greater cognitive restriction and emotional intake, and college students showed greater disinhibition. In conclusion, the scores of the three dysfunctional eating patterns were higher in people with subjective perception of anxiety during social isolation due to COVID-19, and there were also differences according to country, sex, and educational level.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el puntaje de los patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta con la percepción subjetiva de la ansiedad y características sociodemográficas de los participantes en aislamiento por COVID-19 de Chile, Colombia y México. Se realizó una investigación de tipo transversal, con un cuestionario virtual de percepción subjetiva de la ansiedad y el cuestionario de tres factores de alimentación 18-items. Participaron 958 personas de ambos sexos (F = 83%, M = 17%), principalmente en el rango de edad de 18 35 años. Los patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta presentaron puntajes altos en personas que percibieron ansiedad y en participantes de Chile. Adicionalmente, se encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor restricción cognitiva e ingesta emocional y los estudiantes universitarios mostraron mayor desinhibición. En conclusión, los puntajes de los tres patrones disfuncionales de la ingesta fueron más altos en las personas con percepción subjetiva de ansiedad durante el aislamiento social por COVID-19 y así mismo se presentaron diferencias de acuerdo al país, sexo y nivel educativo.

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Background: most organisms inhabiting this planet have rhythmic functions in cycles that approximate 24 hours as a result of evolutionary adaptation. Disruption of these rhythms causes disruption in many bodily functions, including energy expenditure and consumption, and lipid and glucose metabolism, in addition to altering several biochemical parameters. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the effect of altering the light-dark cycle on diurnal and nocturnal food consumption and body weight in rats. Material and methods: three experiments were carried out with an experimental group and a control group in each one. The groups included six males with an age of four months at the beginning of the experiment. Each experiment was 30 days long, starting with a baseline of 10 days and then inverting the light-dark cycle for another 20 days. In the first experiment the inversion took place at the end of the baseline period; in the second, the inversion was performed on days 10 and 20; in the third experiment inversions occurred every five days following the initial 10 days of baseline. Results: our results show a lower body weight gain in the experimental groups when compared to the control groups. Conclusions: significant differences in total consumption of food were not found, but were seen in the patterns of day and night consumption, along with a tendency to develop alterations characteristic of metabolic syndrome, which increased with the frequency of light-dark cycle inversion. (AU)

Introducción: la mayoría de los organismos que habitan este planeta tienen funciones rítmicas que siguen ciclos cercanos a las 24 horas, resultado de la adaptación evolutiva. La alteración de estos ritmos provoca disrupción en funciones como el gasto y el consumo de energía, y el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa, además de alterar varios parámetros bioquímicos. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la alteración del ciclo luz-oscuridad sobre el consumo diurno y nocturno de alimento y el peso corporal en ratas. Material y métodos: se llevaron a cabo tres experimentos con un grupo experimental y uno de control en cada uno de ellos. Los grupos estuvieron compuestos de seis machos de cuatro meses de edad cada uno. Cada experimento tuvo una duración de 30 días, comenzando con una línea base de 10 días y realizando inversiones del ciclo luz-oscuridad durante los otros 20 días. En el primer experimento se realizó una inversión al término de la línea base; en el experimento dos se realizó en los días 10 y 20; en el tercero, las inversiones se realizaron cada cinco días, tras los 10 días de la línea base. Resultados: los resultados muestran una ganancia de peso corporal menor en los grupos experimentales en relación con los grupos de control. Conclusión: no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa en el consumo de alimento total pero sí en los patrones de consumo diurno y nocturno, que se intensificaron con el aumento de la frecuencia de la inversión del ciclo luz-oscuridad. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Trichoderma spp. are soil fungi that interact with plant roots and associated biota such as other microorganisms and soil fauna. However, information about their interactions with root-feeding insects is limited. Here, interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and the root-feeding insect Phyllophaga vetula, a common insect pest in maize agroecosystems, were examined. RESULTS: Applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula to the root system increased and decreased maize growth, respectively. Induced tolerance against herbivore attack was provided by T. harzianum maintaining a robust and functional root system as evidenced by the increased uptake of Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Herbivore tolerance also coincided with changes in the emission of root volatile terpenes known to induce indirect defense responses and attract natural enemies of the herbivore. More importantly, T. harzianum induced de novo emission of several sesquiterpenes such as ß-caryophyllene and δ-cadinene. In addition, single and combined applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula altered the sucrose content of the roots. Finally, T. harzianum produced 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) a volatile compound that may act as an antifeedant-signaling compound mitigating root herbivory by P. vetula. CONCLUSION: Our results provide novel information about belowground multitrophic plant-microbe-arthropod interactions between T. harzianum and P. vetula in the maize rhizosphere resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses, inducing root herbivore tolerance.

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INTRODUCTION: Background: most organisms inhabiting this planet have rhythmic functions in cycles that approximate 24 hours as a result of evolutionary adaptation. Disruption of these rhythms causes disruption in many bodily functions, including energy expenditure and consumption, and lipid and glucose metabolism, in addition to altering several biochemical parameters. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the effect of altering the light-dark cycle on diurnal and nocturnal food consumption and body weight in rats. Material and methods: three experiments were carried out with an experimental group and a control group in each one. The groups included six males with an age of four months at the beginning of the experiment. Each experiment was 30 days long, starting with a baseline of 10 days and then inverting the light-dark cycle for another 20 days. In the first experiment the inversion took place at the end of the baseline period; in the second, the inversion was performed on days 10 and 20; in the third experiment inversions occurred every five days following the initial 10 days of baseline. Results: our results show a lower body weight gain in the experimental groups when compared to the control groups. Conclusions: significant differences in total consumption of food were not found, but were seen in the patterns of day and night consumption, along with a tendency to develop alterations characteristic of metabolic syndrome, which increased with the frequency of light-dark cycle inversion.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la mayoría de los organismos que habitan este planeta tienen funciones rítmicas que siguen ciclos cercanos a las 24 horas, resultado de la adaptación evolutiva. La alteración de estos ritmos provoca disrupción en funciones como el gasto y el consumo de energía, y el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa, además de alterar varios parámetros bioquímicos. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la alteración del ciclo luz-oscuridad sobre el consumo diurno y nocturno de alimento y el peso corporal en ratas. Material y métodos: se llevaron a cabo tres experimentos con un grupo experimental y uno de control en cada uno de ellos. Los grupos estuvieron compuestos de seis machos de cuatro meses de edad cada uno. Cada experimento tuvo una duración de 30 días, comenzando con una línea base de 10 días y realizando inversiones del ciclo luz-oscuridad durante los otros 20 días. En el primer experimento se realizó una inversión al término de la línea base; en el experimento dos se realizó en los días 10 y 20; en el tercero, las inversiones se realizaron cada cinco días, tras los 10 días de la línea base. Resultados: los resultados muestran una ganancia de peso corporal menor en los grupos experimentales en relación con los grupos de control. Conclusión: no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa en el consumo de alimento total pero sí en los patrones de consumo diurno y nocturno, que se intensificaron con el aumento de la frecuencia de la inversión del ciclo luz-oscuridad.

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BACKGROUND: Defibrotide is approved in European Union for the treatment of severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) after HSCT. However, it has also been used for SOS prophylaxis, moderate SOS and in other complications such as transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TAM). The objective of this study was to evaluate current uses, effectiveness and safety of defibrotide in patients with HSCT. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study included patients treated with defibrotide for any indication at 28 HSCT centers of the Grupo Español de Trasplante Hematopoyetico (GETH) including the pediatric subgroup Grupo Español de Trasplante de Medula en Niños (GETMON). RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty eight patients treated with defibrotide between January 2011 and December 2018 were included. 253 patients were children, and 135 patients were adults. In total, 332 transplants were allogeneic, and the remainder were autologous. Main indications for defibrotide use were severe/very severe SOS in 173 patients, SOS prophylaxis in 135 patients, moderate SOS in 41 patients, TAM in six patients and suspected SOS in 33 patients. Overall survival (OS) at day +100 in the SOS prophylaxis group was 89% (95% CI, 87%-91%). In the group of patients with moderate and severe/very severe SOS, the OS at day +100 was 80% (95% CI, 74%-86%) and 62% (95% CI, 59%-65%), respectively (P = .0015). With a longer follow-up, median of 2 years (4 months-7 years), OS was 63% (95% CI, 59%-67%) in the SOS prophylaxis patients. OS for patients with moderate and severe/very severe SOS groups was 53% (95% CI, 47%-61%) and 26% (95% CI, 22%-30%), respectively (P = .006). 191 patients died, and SOS was the main cause of death in 23 patients (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Defibrotide has an acceptable safety profile with an improved response in severe/very severe SOS compared with historical controls, mainly in pediatric patients. Use of defibrotide for prophylaxis may improve prognosis of patients at high risk of complications due to endothelial damage such as those who receive a second transplant. SOS has an important impact on the HSCT long-term survival, as can be concluded from our study.

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Physical Education classes are a key context for the development of creativity due to interactions with peers and the resolution of complex motor skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the teacher's social behaviors on the mindwandering, emotional state, and academic performance of Physical Education students. The study involved 606 high school students and 36 physical education teachers. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the variables of the study. The results showed how the teacher's prosocial and antisocial behaviors had a negative influence on mindwandering. In turn, mindwandering negatively predicted creative intelligence. Likewise, creative intelligence positively predicted a positive emotional state and academic performance and negatively predicted a negative emotional state. Finally, a positive emotional state positively predicted academic performance, while a negative emotional state predicted it negatively. Therefore, the results achieved in the study showed how mindwandering should be promoted in the educational field as a means of encouraging creativity and therefore increasing the well-being of students, which is conducive to academic performance.

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Physical education (PE), by its own characteristics, is a subject where social communication is especially promoted. However, it is necessary to have tools that evaluate the social behaviour of students during PE classes. For this reason, we propose to validate and adapt the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of PE classes. The study involved 1081 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.83; SD = 1.27). The psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavior Scale were analyzed through several statistical analyses. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis and the exploratory factorial analysis supported the internal structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the scale was invariant to gender. Cronbach's alpha values were higher than 0.70 in the factors and sub-factors, finally showing adequate levels of temporal stability. Taking into account the results achieved in the present study, PE teachers have an effective tool to assess the social and antisocial behaviour of their students' students during PE classes.

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