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Abstract Background: Recently, opioids have been related to trigger changes in cytokine release and tumor angiogenesis processes, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical study to test whether if exogenous opioids used in the anesthesia during cancer surgery can affect the systemic inflammatory and immunological patterns. Patients were randomly allocated to the OP (opioid-inclusive) or OF (opioid-free) anesthesia group. A total of 45 patients were selected, being carriers of prostate, stomach, pancreas, bile ducts, breast, colon, lung, uterus, kidneys, or retroperitoneum tumors. Plasma levels of IL-4, IL-12, IL-17A, and TNF-α, and their oxidative stress profile before and after surgery were evaluated in both groups. In vitro tests were performed by using healthy donor blood incubated with each isolated drug used in patients' anesthesia for 1 hour, the same cytokines were measured in plasma. Results: There was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation in both groups. Patients from OF group had a significant consumption of IL-12 in the perioperative period. The other cytokines evaluated did not vary. It was also observed a significant correlation between IL-12 and TNF-α levels in the OF-post group. Except for atracurium, all tested drugs led to a reduction in IL-12 levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that there is a reduction of IL-12 in the OF-post patients, suggesting acute consumption and that this seems to be a general mechanism of anesthetic drugs, as demonstrated in vitro. Also, these findings bring us to reflect if IL-12 changes may influence the disease progression and recurrence.

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Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a presença de isquemia na porção distal das mãos dos membros superiores com Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes em Terapia Renal Substitutiva (TRS) através da termografia por infravermelho. Método Amostra composta por 15 pacientes em TRS por hemodiálise por meio de FAV que responderam um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores com as seguintes variáveis: dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, sinais vitais e dados sobre a FAV. Para obtenção dos termogramas das mãos com e sem FAV foi utilizado uma câmera termográfica por infravermelho C5, FLIR Systems, fixada a 50 cm das mãos dos participantes, privilegiando o enquadramento bilateral enquadrando ambas as mãos. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em planilha de Excel 2011® e comparados estatisticamente utilizando o programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para avaliar se existia diferença entre as médias de temperatura. Resultados Com relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, o gênero masculino foi o predominante, faixa etária com média de 45 anos, ensino fundamental (incompleto/completo), casados e provenientes de outros municípios. A termografia demonstrou que há diferença de temperatura entre as mãos com FAV e sem FAV, com variação na temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor para as mãos com FAV. Conclusão A análise da distribuição do sangue das mãos por meio da termografia pode fornecer evidências sobre a microcirculação periférica e orientar o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento da isquemia induzida por FAV em indivíduos em TRS, como ferramenta inovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar das complicações dos acessos venosos de pacientes em hemodiálise.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la presencia de isquemia en la parte distal de las manos de los miembros superiores con fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) de pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR) a través de la termografía infrarroja. Métodos Muestra compuesta por 15 pacientes en TRR por hemodiálisis mediante FAV que respondieron un cuestionario elaborado por los propios autores con las siguientes variables: datos sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, signos vitales y datos sobre la FAV. Para obtener los termogramas de las manos con y sin FAV, se utilizó una cámara termográfica infrarroja C5, FLIR Systems, ubicada a 50 cm de las manos de los participantes, favoreciendo el encuadramiento bilateral y encuadrando ambas manos. Los datos obtenidos se organizaron en una planilla de Excel 2011® y se compararon estadísticamente con el programa Microcal Origin 6.0, para evaluar si había diferencia entre los promedios de temperatura. Resultados Con relación a las variables sociodemográficas, el género masculino fue predominante, grupo de edad promedio de 45 años, educación primaria (incompleta/completa), casados y provenientes de otros municipios. La termografía demostró que hay diferencia de temperatura entre las manos con FAV y sin FAV, con una variación de temperatura de 1,78°C (± DP 1,99°C), menor en las manos con FAV. Conclusión El análisis de la distribución de la sangre de las manos por medio de termografía puede ofrecer evidencias sobre la microcirculación periférica y guiar el diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de la isquemia inducida por FAV en individuos en TRR, como una herramienta innovadora de diagnóstico auxiliar de las complicaciones de los accesos vasculares de pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Abstract Objective To assess the presence of ischemia in the distal portion of the hands of the upper limbs with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) using infrared thermography. Method The sample consisted of 15 patients on RRT via hemodialysis using an AVF who answered a questionnaire prepared by the authors themselves with sociodemographic data, diagnosis, vital signs and data on AVF. To obtain thermograms of hands with and without AVF, a C5 infrared thermographic camera, FLIR Systems, was used, fixed 50 cm from participants' hands, favoring bilateral framing of both hands. The data obtained were organized in an Excel 2011® spreadsheet and statistically compared using the Microcal Origin 6.0 program to assess whether there was a difference between temperature averages. Results Regarding sociodemographic variables, males were predominant, with a mean age of 45 years, (incomplete/complete) elementary school, married and from other municipalities. Thermography demonstrated that there is a difference in temperature between hands with AVF and without AVF, with a temperature variation of 1.78°C (± SD 1.99°C), lower for hands with AVF. Conclusion The analysis of hand blood distribution using thermography can provide evidence on peripheral microcirculation and guide the early diagnosis and treatment of AVF-induced ischemia in individuals undergoing RRT as an innovative auxiliary diagnostic tool for complications of venous access in hemodialysis patients.

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Pesticides are compounds known to cause immunetoxicity in exposed individuals, which have a potential to substantially modify the prognosis of pathologies dependent on an efficient immune response, such as breast cancer. In this context, we examined the circulating cytokine profile of Th1/Th2/Th17 patterns in women occupationally exposed to pesticides and their correlation with worse prognostic outcomes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 187 rural working women with breast cancer, occupationally exposed or not to pesticides, to quantify the levels of cytokines IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17-A, and TNF -α. Data on the disease profile and clinical outcomes were collected through medical follow-up. IL-12 was reduced in exposed women with tumors larger than 2 cm and in those with lymph node metastases. Significantly reduced levels of IL-17A were observed in exposed patients with Luminal B subtype tumors, with high ki67 proliferation rates, high histological grade, and positive for the progesterone receptor. Reduced IL-4 was also seen in exposed women with lymph node invasion. Our data show that occupational exposure to pesticides induces significant changes in the levels of cytokines necessary for tumor control and correlates with poor prognosis clinical outcomes in breast cancer.

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Studies have documented the high occurrence of several tumors, including female breast cancer, in populations occupationally exposed to pesticides worldwide. It is believed that in addition to direct DNA damage, other molecular alterations that indicate genomic instability are associated, such as epigenetic modifications and the production of inflammation mediators. The present study characterized the profile of inflammatory changes in the breast tissue of women without cancer occupationally exposed to pesticides. In samples of normal breast tissue collected during biopsy and evaluated as negative for cancer by a pathologist, oxidative stress levels were assessed as inflammatory markers through measurements of lipoperoxides and total antioxidant capacity of the sample (TRAP) by high-sensitivity chemiluminescence, as well as levels of nitric oxide (NOx) metabolites. The levels of inflammation-modulating transcription factors PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) were also quantified, in addition to the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 12 (IL-12). The levels of lipoperoxides, TRAP, and NOx were significantly lower in the exposed group. On the other hand, PPAR-γ levels were increased in the breast tissue of exposed women, with no variation in NF-κB. There was also a rise of TNF-α in exposed women samples without significant variations in IL-12 levels. These findings suggest an inflammatory signature of the breast tissue associated with pesticide exposure, which may trigger mechanisms related to mutations and breast carcinogenesis.

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This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and reproductive parameters of Nelore cows under various microclimatic conditions. The experiment was performed in Central Brazil, which has a tropical climate with dry winters and rainy summers. The experimental groups were divided into an area with shading (5.8 trees/ha; n = 42) and an area with little shading (0.4 trees/ha; n = 42). The physiological (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, surface body temperature, and vaginal temperature) and reproductive (estrus detection, conception rate, and rate of pregnancy loss) parameters were then assessed. The rectal temperature (p = 0.002); surface body temperature on the flanks, forehead, and shoulder (p < 0.001); and vaginal temperature (p < 0.001) of cows in the group with shading were significantly lower than those of cows in the group without shading. Estrus was higher (p = 0.08) in the shaded group; however, no effect was observed on conception and pregnancy loss rates. In conclusion, shading (5.8 trees/ha) provided better thermal comfort for Nelore animals in the tropical climatic region. However, this did not affect their performance after fixed-time artificial insemination.

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Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr BP) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr BP from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr BP, corroborating evidence of cultural change.

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Introduction: Obesity is a pro-inflammatory disease critical for developing breast cancer (BC), which impacts the profiles of systemic inflammatory mediators and determinants of different disease clinical outcomes remains little explored. Methods: A total of 195 patients diagnosed with breast cancer were included. Aiming to exclude chemotherapy interference on circulating mediators, samples were collected at diagnosis, out of the treatment period. Patients were classified as normal weight (BMI up to 24.9 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2). Serum levels of IL-4, IL-12, hydroperoxides, and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured. Also, tumor expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TGF-ß1, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes were evaluated. Results: IL-4 levels were significantly increased in the overweight BC group (p = 0.0329), including patients with luminal B subtype (p = 0.0443), presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0115) and age of diagnosis below 50 years, (p = 0.0488). IL-12 levels were significantly increased in overweight BC patients with lymph node metastases (p = 0.0115). Hydroperoxides were increased in overweight BC patients (p = 0.0437), including those with tumors smaller than 2 cm (p = 0.05). NOx levels were also increased in overweight BC patients, including those with luminal B disorders (p = 0.0443), high-grade tumors (p = 0.0351) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.0155). The expression of iNOS (p < 0.001) and TCD4+ lymphocytes (p = 0.0378) was significantly investigated in tumor biopsies from overweight BC women. Conclusions: These data provide a picture of the influence of excess body weight on inflammatory mediators' systemic and tumoral profiles, especially in patients displaying poor outcome BC.

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Recent evidence has pointed out that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression is a poor prognosis factor. However, the implications of CTLA-4 expression on circulating inflammatory mediators are unclear for breast cancer. Tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected from 117 breast cancer patients. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in plasma samples by measuring the lipoperoxidation profile and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). Interleukins 12 (IL-12) and 4 (IL-4) were assessed by ELISA. CTLA-4 expression was determined by immunofluorescence assessed by its labeling in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) or breast tumors. Correlations between CTLA-4 expression in breast tumors with TCD4/TCD8 infiltrating lymphocyte and inflammation-related genes were performed using data from TIMER 2.0/TCGA databases (n = 2160). CTLA-4 expression in TILs significantly correlated to triple-negative breast tumors. Patients carrying CTLA-4-positive tumors exhibited lower plasmatic NOx levels, and those expressing CTLA-4 in TILs had reduced levels of IL-12 in plasma. No changes in either IL-4 or lipid peroxidation profiles were detected concerning any CTLA4 status. Compared to the Luminal A ones, oxidative stress parameters and cytokines were observed in patients bearing triple-negative tumors. CTLA-4 expression in all breast cancer subtypes positively correlated to TCD4/TCD8 lymphocyte infiltrates, as well as to the pro-inflammatory genes IL12A, IL4, NFKB1, NFKB2, NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. CTLA-4 expression in both tumor and TILs can affect the systemic inflammatory status of breast cancer patients, especially antitumor molecules such as IL-12 and NOx that correlate to more aggressive disease.

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Introduction: Pesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk. Methods: Analyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for Control of Waste and Contaminants (PNCRC). Results and discussion: First, we characterized the main pesticide residues detected over the maximum limits allowed by legislation or those prohibited for use in food samples analyzed across the country. Based on this list, we estimated the dietary cancer risks for some of the selected pesticides. Finally, we searched for data about dietary cancer risks and carcinogenic mechanisms of each pesticide. We also provided a critical analysis concerning the pesticide scenario in Brazil, aiming to discuss the food contamination levels observed from a geographical, political, and public health perspective. Exposures to pesticides in Brazil violate a range of human rights when food and water for human consumption are contaminated.

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Gouty arthritis is an inflammatory disease that triggers symptoms such as pain, swelling, and joint stiffness. Since its main therapy is medication, research on other forms of treatment that do not generate side effects is necessary. Given this, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of combined photobiomodulation (LASER and LED) applied on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in an experimental model of gouty arthritis. For this, 40 Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: simulation of the model with saline injection, without treatment (CTL; n = 10); gout simulation with photobiomodulation treatment (CTL-PBM; n = 10); gout model with the injection of monosodium urate crystals (1.25 mg) in the femorotibial joint, without treatment (GOT; n = 10); or gout model with photobiomodulation treatment (GOT-PBM; n = 10). After 7 h of gout induction, photobiomodulation was performed with a cluster of 4 diodes applied to the GRD region in animals from the CTL-PBM and GOT-PBM groups. After analysing the results, it was concluded that the therapy favored the reduction of edema and joint incapacity, as well as the increase in the nociceptive threshold and plantar grip strength. Furthermore, PBM stimulated an increase in the inflammatory response (with increased levels of IL-1ß and greater recruitment of leukocytes) and greater activation of the antioxidant system. Therefore, PBM can be considered an effective therapeutic alternative to improve the functional status in this model of joint disease.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar as evidências científicas com relação à eficácia do uso do ozônio para desinfecção de superfícies a partir de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Métodos Realizou-se busca nos bancos de dados eletrônicos: SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Sciense Direct. Foram analisados onze artigos, publicados no período de janeiro de 2010 a agosto de 2021. Todos empregaram o modelo de investigação experimental laboratorial e alcançaram diferentes níveis de desinfecção pelo O3, no entanto, com variadas superfícies e produtos testados, além de diferentes procedimentos metodológicos. Resultados A maioria apresentou taxa de inibição pelo O3 igual ou superior a 90%, comprovando assim a eficácia desse agente como desinfetante de superfícies, mesmo havendo variações de valores dos parâmetros como, concentração e tempo de exposição, em todos os artigos selecionados, até mesmo nos que não comprovaram a eficácia do O3. Conclusão Essa revisão evidencia o poder inibitório que o O3 possui sobre diferentes patógenos, mesmo que haja variáveis nos fatores utilizados para esse fim, destacando-o frente a outros desinfetantes. Corrobora, assim, na composição de protocolos de desinfecção de superfícies e na tomada de decisão entre gestores e comissões acerca de tecnologias saneantes.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las evidencias científicas con respecto a la eficacia del uso del ozono para la desinfección de superficies a partir de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda en los bancos de datos electrónicos: SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Sciense Direct. Se analizaron 11 artículos, publicados en el período de enero de 2010 a agosto 2021. Todos utilizaron el modelo de investigación experimental laboratorial y obtuvieron distintos niveles de desinfección por O3, pero utilizando distintas superficies y productos, además de distintos procedimientos metodológicos. Resultados La mayoría presentó una tasa de inhibición por O3 igual o superior al 90 %, lo que comprueba la eficacia de ese agente como desinfectante de superficies, aunque existan variaciones en los valores de los parámetros, como concentración y tiempo de exposición, en todos los artículos seleccionados, incluso en los que no se comprobó la eficacia del O3. Conclusión Esta revisión evidencia el poder inhibitorio que el O3 presenta ante distintos patógenos, aunque existan variables en los factores utilizados para esa finalidad, por lo que se destaca ante otros desinfectantes. De esta forma, se confirma la composición de protocolos de desinfección de superficies y la toma de decisiones entre gestores y comisiones sobre tecnologías de desinfección.

Abstract Objective To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of using ozone to disinfect surfaces based on an integrative literature review. Methods A search was carried out in the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct databases. Eleven articles published January 2010 to August 2021 were analyzed. All employed the experimental laboratory research model and achieved different levels of disinfection by O3, however, with varied surfaces and products tested, in addition to different methodological procedures. Results The majority had an inhibition rate by O3 equal to or greater than 90%, thus proving the effectiveness of this agent as a surface disinfectant, even with variations in parameter values such as concentration and exposure time, in all selected articles, even those that did not prove the effectiveness of O3. Conclusion This review shows the inhibitory power that O3 has on different pathogens, even if there are variables in the factors used for this purpose, highlighting it in front of other disinfectants. Thus, it corroborates the composition of surface disinfection protocols and decision-making among managers and committees about sanitizing technologies.

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Although once considered a 'counterfeit paradise', the Amazon Basin is now a region of increasing interest in discussions of pre-colonial tropical land-use and social complexity. Archaeobotany, archaeozoology, remote sensing and palaeoecology have revealed that, by the Late Holocene, populations in different parts of the Amazon Basin were using various domesticated plants, modifying soils, building earthworks, and even forming 'Garden Cities' along the Amazon River and its tributaries. However, there remains a relatively limited understanding as to how diets, environmental management, and social structures varied across this vast area. Here, we apply stable isotope analysis to human remains (n = 4 for collagen, n = 17 for tooth enamel), and associated fauna (n = 61 for collagen, n = 28 for tooth enamel), to directly determine the diets of populations living in the Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, an important region of pre-Columbian cultural interactions, between 390 cal. years BC and 1,675 cal. years AD. Our results highlight an ongoing dietary focus on C3 plants and wild terrestrial fauna and aquatic resources across sites and time periods, with varying integration of C4 plants (i.e. maize). We argue that, when compared to other datasets now available from elsewhere in the Amazon Basin, our study highlights the development of regional adaptations to local watercourses and forest types.

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Condensed tannins are a potentially important treatment option to mitigate N2O (nitrous oxide) and affect carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions; however, their effect has been poorly assessed. Here, we quantified the emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2, soil N mineralization, and nitrification with increasing doses of condensed tannins added to the urine of cattle raised on pasture. The experiment consisted of incubation with doses of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of condensed tannins added directly to the collected urine. The experimental design was completely randomized. Greenhouse gas fluxes were quantified for four weeks using static chambers and gas chromatography. The addition of condensed tannins increased N2O emissions (P < 0.05), with total emissions averaging 95.84 mg N-N2O kg-1, 265.30 mg N-N2O kg-1, and 199.32 mg N-N2O kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Methane emissions were reduced with the addition of tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 8.84 g CH4 kg-1, 1.87 g CH4 kg-1, and 3.34 g CH4 kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Soil respiration increased with the addition of condensed tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 3.80 g CO2 kg-1, 6.93 g CO2 kg-1, and 5.87 g CO2 kg-1 in dry soil, in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. The addition of condensed tannins reduced N mineralization and nitrification. We found evidence that the use of condensed tannins might not be a suitable option to mitigate N2O emissions. However, soil CH4 emissions can be abated. The increases in soil respiration suggest that tannins affect soil microorganisms, and the effects on CH4 and N2O could be related to the variation in the soil microbiome, which requires further clarification.

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BACKGROUND: Recently, opioids have been related to trigger changes in cytokine release and tumor angiogenesis processes, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized clinical study to test whether if exogenous opioids used in the anesthesia during cancer surgery can affect the systemic inflammatory and immunological patterns. Patients were randomly allocated to the OP (opioid-inclusive) or OF (opioid-free) anesthesia group. A total of 45 patients were selected, being carriers of prostate, stomach, pancreas, bile ducts, breast, colon, lung, uterus, kidneys, or retroperitoneum tumors. Plasma levels of IL-4, IL-12, IL-17A, and TNF-α, and their oxidative stress profile before and after surgery were evaluated in both groups. In vitro tests were performed by using healthy donor blood incubated with each isolated drug used in patients' anesthesia for 1 hour, the same cytokines were measured in plasma. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation in both groups. Patients from OF group had a significant consumption of IL-12 in the perioperative period. The other cytokines evaluated did not vary. It was also observed a significant correlation between IL-12 and TNF-α levels in the OF-post group. Except for atracurium, all tested drugs led to a reduction in IL-12 levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that there is a reduction of IL-12 in the OF-post patients, suggesting acute consumption and that this seems to be a general mechanism of anesthetic drugs, as demonstrated in vitro. Also, these findings bring us to reflect if IL-12 changes may influence the disease progression and recurrence.

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Brazil is among the biggest pesticide consumers in the world, with its population severely exposed to tons of such substances, both because of environmental contamination and occupational use. The health consequences of pesticide exposure are well-documented, but still sparse regarding Brazilian population. This study systematically reviewed the Brazilian studies published that address the relationship between exposure to pesticides and health problems in the Brazilian population. Also, information about pesticide use in Brazil is provided. The included studies showed that exposure to pesticides has a relevant impact on the health of the Brazilian population, regardless of age and gender, and on workers in rural areas or not. Most poisoning events seem to result from the continuous use of pesticides, whether occupationally or environmentally, characterizing a public health problem. The major consequences reported in literature were damage to the central nervous system, cancer, deleterious effects on rural workers' health, intoxications, malformations, and endocrine changes. These findings point out the need to understand the impact of chronic exposure to pesticides on severely exposed people and highlight the importance of creating public policies to protect them and avoid disease occurrence.

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Os métodos mistos de pesquisa são definidos como um processo de recolhimento, análise e "mistura" de dados quantitativos e qualitativos durante determinado estágio da pesquisa em um único estudo. Na área da Educação Física, esse método de pesquisa é uma combinação de abordagens relativamente nova. Assim, o presente ensaio teve como objetivo construir orientações fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de estudos de métodos mistos na área da Educação Física. Conclui-se, pois, que a busca pelo entendimento de como se dá o desenvolvimento de um estudo de métodos mistos pode auxiliar o pesquisador diante das construções de pesquisas, além de trazer contribuições para os avanços científicos.

Mixed research methods are defined as a process of collecting, analyzing and "mixing" quantitative and qualitative data during a given stage of research and in a single study. In the area of Physical Education, this research method is a relatively new combination of approaches. Thus, this essay aimed to build fundamental orientations for the development of mixed methods studies in the Physical Education area. It is concluded, therefore, that the search for the understanding of how the development of a mixed methods study takes place can help the researcher in the face of the research constructions, besides bringing contributions to the scientific advances.

Los métodos de investigación mixtos se definen como un proceso de recopilación, análisis y "mezcla" de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos durante una etapa dada de investigación y en un solo estudio. En el área de Educación Física, este método de investigación es una combinación relativamente nueva de enfoques. Por lo tanto, este ensayo tuvo como objetivo construir orientaciones fundamentales para el desarrollo de estudios de métodos mixtos en el área de Educación Física. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que la búsqueda de la comprensión de cómo tiene lugar el desarrollo de un estudio de métodos mixtos puede ayudar al investigador frente a las construcciones de investigación, además de aportar contribuciones a los avances científicos.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of increased shadow supply in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems on in vitro embryonic development and physiological parameters related to stress response in Nellore heifers (Bos indicus). For the study, animals (n = 16) were randomly divided into two groups and kept in areas with different afforestation systems, the integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system. The microclimate of the ICLF system provided better comfort conditions than ICL. No differences of respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, T3, T4, oocyte quality, and cleavage rate between the systems were verified. A higher blastocyst rate was observed in the ICLF (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that Nellore heifers managed in ICLF during summer in Midwest of Brazil showed higher production of in vitro embryos, without typical changes in its physiological parameters. The results observed in the present study indicate that zebu females are able to respond satisfactorily to the intense heat conditions; however, we believe that the long period to which these animals are exposed to these conditions interferes in the oocyte competence and embryo development.

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The sweet potato is an alternative energy source, but its sustainability depends on efficient water use. The objective of this study was to evaluate sweet potato morpho-physiological characteristics, and water use efficiency (WUE). Irrigation depths of 50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were applied. The morpho-physiological indicators, WUE, leaf area index (LAI), leaf water potential, leaf temperature, and leaf chlorophyll index (ICF), were evaluated. The WUE of the sweet potato cultivars increased until the 75% water depth of the ETc. The LAI of these cultivars increased with irrigation depth, with higher values at 100% of the ETc. The leaf water potential of the two sweet potato cultivars was lowest with the lower irrigation depth. Leaf temperature was closer to that of ambient temperatures in treatments with greater irrigation depth. The increase of the WUE with the greater accumulation of dry biomass is due to greater CO2 diffusion by stomata. The reduction in the growth of these plants is due to water stress limiting stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf growth (LAI) and chlorophyll concentration, proportional to soil moisture conditions. The functional relationship between soil moisture and growth is essential to optimize irrigation management at different growth stages.

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Sur cet article on propose la discussion de quelques possibilités de traduction de viol sexuel incestueux à partir de l'analyse de l'autobiographie L'amore di papà: una storia vera, écrite et publiée par Pola Kinski, qui a vécu des viols sexuels commis par son père, l'acteur Klaus Kinski, depuis son enfance jusqu'à sa jeunesse. Il s'agit d'une étude qui s'inscrit dans une recherche plus large dont l'objectif est l'étude du trauma et de la névrose traumatique après Freud, sous la perspective théorique de la théorie de la séduction généralisée de Laplanche. Suivant les présupposés de cette théorie on discute les caractéristiques des messages véhiculés dans une situation de viol sexuel incestueux, ainsi que les possibilités de traduction/ refoulement des énigmes associés à ces messages. L'analyse du récit permet de réfléchir sur les destinées possibles de l'excès du pulsionnel effacé qui envahis le psychisme dans la situation traumatique dont la traduction n'est jamais accomplie.

This paper's purpose is to discuss some possible translations of experiencing incestuous sexual abuse. To this end, the authors study the autobiography L'amore di papà: una storia vera, written and published by Pola Kinski, who was sexually abused by her father, the actor Klaus Kinski, from her childhood to her youth. This paper is part of an ampler research whose purpose is to study trauma and traumatic neurosis after Freud, by looking at them from the perspective of the general theory of seduction, by Laplanche. Given these theoretical assumptions, the authors analyze the features of the messages conveyed in a situation of incestuous abuse. They also discuss the possibilities of translating/repressing the enigmas that are associated with these messages. The narrative analysis enables the authors to think about possible destinations for the instinctual excess, which is disconnected and invades the psyche in the traumatic situation. Therefore, the traumatic situation is never completely translated.

Se propone, en este artículo, la discusión de algunas posibilidades de traducción de la vivencia de abuso sexual incestuoso a partir del análisis de la autobiografía L'amore di papà: una storia vera, escrita y publicada por Pola Kinski, que sufrió abusos sexuales de la mano de su padre, el actor Klaus Kinski, desde la infancia hasta la juventud. Se trata de un estudio incluido en una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo es el estudio del trauma y de la neurosis traumática después de Freud, bajo la perspectiva teórica de la teoría de la seducción generalizada de Laplanche. A partir de los presupuestos de esta teoría, son discutidas las características de los mensajes vehiculados en una situación de abuso sexual incestuoso, así como las posibilidades de traducción/represión de los enigmas asociados a estos mensajes. El análisis de la narrativa permite pensar posibles destinos para el exceso del pulsional apagado que invade el psiquismo en la situación traumática, cuya traducción nunca es completa.

Propõe-se, neste artigo, a discussão de algumas possibilidades de tradução da vivência de abuso sexual incestuoso a partir da análise da autobiografia L' amore di papà: una storia vera, escrita e publicada por Pola Kinski, que vivenciou abusos sexuais cometidos pelo pai, o ator Klaus Kinski, desde a infância até a juventude. Trata-se de um estudo que se insere em uma pesquisa maior, cujo objetivo é examinar o trauma e a neurose traumática depois de Freud, sob a perspectiva teórica da teoria da sedução generalizada de Laplanche. Com base nos pressupostos dessa teoria, são discutidas as características das mensagens veiculadas em uma situação de abuso sexual incestuoso, assim como as possibilidades de tradução/recalcamento dos enigmas associados a essas mensagens. A análise da narrativa permite pensar possíveis destinos para o excesso do pulsional desligado que invade o psiquismo na situação traumática, cuja tradução nunca é completa.

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