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OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new handmade device, the double Foley catheter (DFC), and compare it with the Foley catheter (FC) and Cook cervical ripening balloon for its effectiveness in labor induction. METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 222 patients with unfavorable cervices. The patients were randomly allocated to the DFC, FC, and Cook cervical ripening balloon groups (n = 74 patients per group). The outcomes were evaluated using SPSS v. 23. RESULTS: Bishop scores successfully increased with all three methods (P = 0.000 for all groups), and the rates of vaginal delivery within 24 and 48 h were similar (P = 0.101 and P = 0.390, respectively). The pain scores of the DFC and Cook cervical ripening balloon groups were similar, but were lower than those of the FC group (P = 0.011). The overall maternal satisfaction scores of the DFC and Cook cervical ripening balloon groups were not significantly different but were higher than those of the FC group (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The maternal safety and success rate of labor induction were comparable between groups. However, the FC group had a higher pain score during catheter insertion and a lower maternal satisfaction rate. Moreover, considering the high cost of the Cook cervical ripening balloon, the DFC has an advantage, especially in low-resource countries.

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The main purpose of this prospective study is to examine possible influences of abnormalities of sperm nuclear condensation and chromatin decondensation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-EDTA on outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Semen samples from 122 IUI and 236 ICSI cycles were evaluated. Before semen preparation for IUI or ICSI, basic semen analysis was performed and a small portion from each sample was spared for fixation. The condensation of sperm nuclear chromatin was evaluated with acidic aniline blue, followed by sperm chromatin decondensation by SDS-EDTA and evaluation under light microscope. Ongoing pregnancy rate was 24% and 26.2% in the IUI and ICSI groups respectively. The chromatin condensation rate was significantly higher in the ongoing pregnancy-positive group compared to the negative group, both in IUI (P = 0.042) and ICSI groups (P = 0.027), and it was positively correlated with ongoing pregnancy rate in both IUI and ICSI groups (P = 0.015, r = 0.214 and P = 0.014, r = 0.312 respectively). Chromatin decondensation rates were not significantly different in neither of the groups. These results indicate that IUI and ICSI outcome is influenced by the rate of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin condensation. Sperm chromatin condensation with aniline blue is useful for selecting assisted reproduction techniques (ART) patients.

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OBJECTIVE: A food-borne tonsillopharyngitis outbreak was reported between 9th and 13th of February, 2008, in Söke State Hospital, Aydin, Turkey. METHODS: This descriptive cohort study was carried out immediately after the outbreak. In order to determine the probable origin, a questionnaire involving demographical features, clinical features, and possible risk factors was distributed to 403 persons. The participants of the questionnaire (n = 403) were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 252); those with any two of the following three complaints; sore throat, fever, and dizziness, and the control group (n = 151); those without these complaints. RESULTS: This investigation revealed that 252 people were affected by this outbreak. Group A ß-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from the throat cultures of 63 affected individuals (25%) and an employee working in the patisserie that made desserts served for lunch. Since the number of people who ate the milky dessert was statistically higher compared to the non-eaters, the milky dessert was thought to be the origin of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that throat infections among employees working in food production may cause outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infections.

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Revision hip surgery often requires individualized techniques and implants. We report on a case of failed femoral revision in an extensively cemented femur with a concomitant proximal and dorsal femoral bone defect. We advocate the clinically effective revision procedure of antegrade drilling of the stable cement mantle and use of a cemented long-stemmed femoral component. This cement-in-cement revision technique is discussed along with the pertinent literature.

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Nocardia spp., a group of gram-positive variably acid-fast aerobic bacteria, are opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. We here-within describe 2 cases of widespread nocardiosis in patients with Behcet's disease. In addition to endogen endophthalmitis in case 1, both cases developed lung, brain and skin involvement. Despite brain involvement, the prognosis was good, although vision was completely lost in case 1, which was directly attributable to a delay in both diagnosis and treatment.

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The construct representation of the cross-informant model of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Samples were collected in seven different countries. The results are based on 13,226 parent ratings and 8893 teacher ratings. The adequacy of fit for the cross-informant model was established on the basis of three approaches: conventional rules of fit, simulation, and comparison with other models. The results indicated that the cross-informant model fits these data poorly. These results were consistent across countries, informants, and both clinical and population samples. Since inadequate empirical support for the cross-informant syndromes and their differentiation was found, the construct validity of these syndrome dimensions is questioned.

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Parents' reports of problem behaviors in 2,081 Dutch children, 3,127 Turkish children in Ankara and 833 Turkish immigrant children living in The Netherlands, aged 4-18 years, were compared. Dutch and Turkish versions of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used. Immigrant children were scored higher than Dutch children on 6 of the 11 CBCL scales, most markedly on the Anxious/Depressed scale. Immigrant children were scored higher than Ankara children on five CBCL scales. However, these differences were much smaller than those found between immigrant and Dutch children. Furthermore, immigrant children's Total Problem scores did not differ from those for Ankara children. Turkish immigrant children have very similar patterns of parent-reported problem behaviors to children living in Turkey, although both groups of Turkish children showed higher levels of parent-reported problem behaviors than Dutch children. The higher scores for Turkish children on the Anxious/Depressed scale compared with their Dutch peers may be explained by cultural differences in parental perception of children's problem behaviors, as well as the threshold for reporting them, or by cultural differences in the prevalence of problems, for instance as the result of cross-cultural differences in child-rearing practice. More research is needed to test the degree to which Turkish immigrant parents tend to preserve their cultural characteristics and child-rearing practices in Dutch society.

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The present study was undertaken to identify children's fears in terms of their age, gender and Socio Economic Status (SES) characteristics. Another aim of the study was the adaptation and the standardization of the "Fear Survey Schedule for Children" (FSSC) to Turkish population and to determine its psychometric properties. FSSC was given to 1237 Lower SES children aged 9-13 years. To understand the effects of social and environmental factors the results were compared with 644 children from high socio-economic level and 118 children of Turkish immigrant labourer families residing in Holland. The most prevalent 10 fear items in all three groups were also determined. Results indicated that girls had more intense and frequent fears at all age levels than boys. Low SES children reveal more fears compared to their high SES pears of their self reported fears. Fears related to death and separation occupy the top positions and religious fears that are mentioned very often by children especially by those in the lower SES group. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency and the factorial structure of the scale have proved it to be a valuable and reliable tool for research and clinical purposes in Turkey.

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Antigenic differences were demonstrated between the large and small plaque variants of both types O1 and Asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Treatment of the large and small plaque variants of the viruses with trypsin essentially abolished the observed antigenic differences. Thus, these plaque variants have antigenically different trypsin-sensitive determinants that may influence their immunogenicity and infection capabilities.

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