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The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global health threat due to its rapid spread and severe health implications, including congenital abnormalities and neurological complications. Differentiating ZIKV from other arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study presents the development of a biosensor for detecting the ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with monoclonal antibodies employing dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biosensor named ZINS1-mAb-AuNP exhibited specific binding to the ZIKV NS1 protein, demonstrating high colloidal stability indicated by a hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 140 nm, detectable via DLS. In the absence of the protein, the high ionic strength medium caused particle aggregation. This detection method showed good sensitivity and specificity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.96 µg mL-1, and avoided cross-reactivity with DENV2 NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The ZINS1-mAb-AuNP biosensor represents a promising tool for the early and accurate detection of ZIKV, facilitating diagnostic and treatment capabilities for arboviral infections.

RESUMEN

Leishmaniasis, a critical Neglected Tropical Disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in resource-limited regions. Conventional treatments are effective but suffer from serious limitations, such as toxicity, prolonged treatment courses, and rising drug resistance. Herein, we highlight the potential of inorganic nanomaterials as an innovative approach to enhance Leishmaniasis therapy, aligning with the One Health concept by considering these treatments' environmental, veterinary, and public health impacts. By leveraging the adjustable properties of these nanomaterials─including size, shape, and surface charge, tailored treatments for various diseases can be developed that are less harmful to the environment and nontarget species. We review recent advances in metal-, oxide-, and carbon-based nanomaterials for combating Leishmaniasis, examining their mechanisms of action and their dual use as standalone treatments or drug delivery systems. Our analysis highlights a promising yet underexplored frontier in employing these materials for more holistic and effective disease management.

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RESUMEN

The Cu(ii) heptanuclear complex (Cu7atac) was synthesised using the hydrated amino acid ligand 2-(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)acetic acid (Hatac·H2O). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a µ3-hydroxo bridged Cu(ii) heptanuclear complex, consisting of two triangular subunits and one Cu(ii) ion as a bridge with the formula [Cu7(atac)6(µ3-OH)2(NO3)2(H2O)10](NO3)4. The magnetic behaviour of this discrete 0D complex shows strong antiferromagnetic couplings between Cu(ii) mediated by N,N bonding and an anti-anti modes of the carboxylate anion of the ligand atac-. The magnetic data were fitted considering a 3J model. To support the model used to fit the magnetic data of the Cu7atac complex, theoretical calculation methods (complete active space self-consistent field, CASSCF, density functional theory (DFT) using the UKS TPSS/Def2-TZVP//Def2-SVP level and periodic boundary conditions (PBC) using PBE/DZVP-MOLOPT-GTH) were performed to obtain the spin states, spin density map and J couplings. The theoretical results suggest that Cu7atac is a spin-frustrated complex in the ground state, in which the doublet spin state co-exists with the quartet spin state.

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