RESUMEN
The ability of a series of antimalarial drugs to impair the metabolism of metoprolol in rat and man has been examined. Chloroquine was a potent inhibitor in rat liver microsomes (Ki value for metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation = 0.18 microM and for O-demethylation = 0.36 microM). The other antimalarial drugs also inhibited metoprolol oxidation. Quinine was similar to chloroquine in potency, while quinidine, primaquine and mefloquine were slightly less potent. Chloroquine also inhibited metoprolol oxidation in human liver microsomes, although it was about two orders of magnitude less potent than in the rat and the extent of impairment varied greatly between individual livers. Intraperitoneal administration of chloroquine to anaesthetized rats decreased the clearance of metoprolol (40 mg tartrate salt kg-1 i.p.) to 54, 34, 20 and 26% of the control value at doses of 2.5, 4.0, 25 and 40 mg kg-1, respectively. We conclude that antimalarial treatment might have contributed to a previously reported difference in the metabolic pattern of metoprolol between Caucasians and Nigerians.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/farmacología , Cloroquina/farmacología , Metoprolol/metabolismo , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Remoción de Radical Alquila , Humanos , Hidroxilación , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Metoprolol/farmacocinética , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Ratas , Especificidad de la Especie , Espectrometría de FluorescenciaRESUMEN
1. In order to estimate liver blood flow in the rat, the extraction ratio of Indocyanine Green was determined using a two-compartment model fitted to the plasma concentration time data after a single intravenous bolus dose and compared with values obtained directly by transhepatic sampling, both in the intact rat and in an isolated perfused rat liver preparation. 2. There was no agreement between estimates of the extraction ratio obtained by using the kinetic model and the directly measured values. 3. Elimination curves for Indocyanine Green were simulated to yield varied clearance values. Despite a 250% variation in clearance, extraction ratios derived using the two-compartment model were all greater than 0.9 and varied by less than 6%. 4. Estimates of liver blood flow obtained by deriving a value of the extraction ratio of Indocyanine Green using the two-compartment model are inaccurate.
Asunto(s)
Verde de Indocianina/análisis , Circulación Hepática , Hígado/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Técnicas In Vitro , Verde de Indocianina/metabolismo , Infusiones Intravenosas , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Cinética , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Perfusión , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasAsunto(s)
Sordera , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , HumanosAsunto(s)
Destreza Motora , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
Two classes of non-handicapped and two classes of handicapped children (n = 67), aged 5 to 12 years, took part in a study designed to determine whether a regular or specially designed physical education program suited their individual needs best. Initially receiving instruction with class peers each child was administered the 14-item short-form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Discriminant analysis of the data indicated that two of the three functions were significant, together accounting for 93% of the variance. For each significant function fewer than half the test items contributed substantial discriminatory power. Over-all, 75% of the subjects were correctly classified but misclassifications occurred in each class; different placements seem appropriate for non-handicapped and handicapped children.
Asunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Destreza Motora , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Niño , Preescolar , Personas con Discapacidad/psicología , Educación de las Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/psicología , Actividad MotoraAsunto(s)
Personas con Discapacidad , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Destreza MotoraAsunto(s)
Familia , Discapacidad Intelectual , Destreza Motora , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Inteligencia , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Enfermedad de Graves/complicaciones , Hipertiroidismo/congénito , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Estimulante Tiroideo de Acción Prolongada/sangre , Complicaciones del Embarazo/sangre , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/análisis , Enfermedad de Graves/inmunología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Bioensayo/métodos , Pan , Estimulante Tiroideo de Acción Prolongada/análisis , Animales , Dieta , Femenino , RatonesAsunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Discapacidad Intelectual , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adolescente , Análisis de Varianza , Niño , Educación de las Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual , Educación Especial , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , TexasAsunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases , Estradiol , Estrona , Acilación , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Electrones , Indicadores y ReactivosRESUMEN
As a pre-requisite to curriculum development, the characteristics of the gross motor performance of special education classes of minimally brain injured boys and girls were described. In general, age changes in mean performance were linear, the scores of the boys being the superior. The level of performance very closely resembled that of comparison groups of educable mentally retarded children from the same school districts.