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A complex of methods is proposed adapted to practices common in clinical and diagnostic laboratories that enables the state of bodily antitumoral resistance to be properly assessed. A diagnostic system of disturbances in the antineoplastic resistance of the organism, which makes for detection of endogenous factors marking a high risk for the development of oncohemopathology is suggested.

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Efficiency was studied of active specific immunotherapy (IT) with cell vaccine consisting of allogenic viable cryopreserved modified Con A blast cells identical with the illness in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The studies made confirmed a positive impact of IT on the clinical course of acute leukosis (prolonged remission, keeping down infectious complications), on leukopoiesis, peripheral blood cells enzymatic status as well as on cell immunity, certain factors of humoral immunity and bodily natural antineoplastic resistance.

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The peripheral blood from 30 patients presenting with preleukosis states was studied. Both quantitative and qualitative indices of blood and bone marrow were determined. It has been ascertained that the following signs should be taken in consideration where the diagnosis is "preleukosis": anemia presenting with qualitative changes in erythron, neutrophylopenia presenting with a shift to the left, thrombocytopenia, nuclear anomalies of neutrophylocytes and lymphocytes (pelgeroides, fragmentation, pyknosis, Rider's nuclei).

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Studied were particular features of peripheral blood, certain immunological and biochemical indices under long-term exposure of human body to radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The study comprised 5578 individuals. The examinees were liquidators of the Chernobyl accident sequels (n = 1052), inhabitants of Pripyat evacuated from the town (n = 850), the Kiev SSBT primary donors (n = 1738). Control group consisted of 936 Kievans who had been examined before the accident between 1982-1985 by the same methods. The results obtained allowed for the most informative indices to be found in order that risk groups might be formed.

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The theophylline test was used to evaluate the state of T-system immunity in patients with different variants of acute leucosis and in mice with transplantable NK/lymphoma against the background of chemo- and immunotherapy. Analysis of cellular immunoregulatory subpopulations and comparison with the frequency and character of inverse effect of theophylline on the reaction of E-rosette formation showed high informative value and prognostic significance of the theophylline test in patients with hemoblastoses.

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The state of the T-cellular immunity system was studied in mice with experimental lymphoma during the treatment with cyclophosphamide and active specific immunotherapy with ConA-modified syngeneic tumor cells. The advantages of the combined method of treatment and the high informative value of the test of E-rosette-formation sensitivity to theophylline in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect have been shown.

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Mouse NK/LY lymphoma cells were modified by Con A or Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN). Severe damage of the modified cells was not revealed by either supravital staining or light microscopy. Ultrastructural signs of metabolic lowering in the Con-A-treated cells were determined. Some increase in electrophoretic mobility of Con-A-modified cells was found, along with its decrease in VCN-modified cells. The decrease in the pool of proliferating cells was determined in both the types of modification, being more evident in the Con-A-modified material. A marked tumorigenic decrease of Con-A-modified cells was fixed.

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An analysis is presented of the sensitivity of theophyllin test to the level of endogenous modification of E-receptors on T-cells of the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of mice with lymphoma in conditions of immunotherapy with native and Kon A or cholera neuroaminidase treated lymphoma cells. A marked inhibition of the endogenous character of theophyllin-sensitive cells in lymph nodes of mice in all methods of immunotherapy and an increase of the number of theophyllin-resistant cells, more significant in mice immunized with Kon A treated cells.

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The modifying effect of con A, Vibrio cholerae and non-Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN, NVCN) on the proliferative potential and immunogenicity of experimental lymphoma NK/Ly cells is shown in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of immunization by the modified tumour cells of mice with transplantable lymphoma is evaluated. A considerable decrease in the proliferative potential of transplantability and a moderate increase in immunogenicity of Con A treated cells were determined in vitro. The high immunogenicity of VCN-modified cells was found within the limits of the studied immunologic parameters. However, the VCN-MTC immunotherapy had no advantages over Con A-MTC immunotherapy. It is found that the modifying effect of NVCN on a tumour cell is inferior to the effect of Con A and VCN.

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Vibrio cholerici neuraminidase was studied on CBA mice for its effect on the strain NK/Ly lymphoid cells oncogenicity in intraabdominal transplantation. The 30% decrease in transplantability of cells treated by the enzyme in the dose of 50 U/ml was established. The modulating effect of specific active immunotherapy by modified cells in lymphoma was also studied. A pronounced stimulation of immunity T-cell links and proliferation in immunocompetent organs, an increase in the number of large granular lymphocytes in blood, specific antibody formation suppression were established. The problem of neuraminidase nonspecific effect on the tumour cells is under discussion.

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The leukemogenic activity of modified leukemic cells was studied in experiments on the 385 BALB/c mice with Rauscher leukemia by transplantation of different amount of treated cells. Immunogenicity of modified leukemic cells was estimated under conditions of three-fold immunization of animals 2 days later by the cells dose equal to 1.10(6) which began 24 h after the leukemia transplantation. The effect of immunotherapy of neuraminidase-modified leukemic cells results in elongation of animal lifetime, presence of less pronounced changes in the peripheral blood and spleen as well as in stimulation of cell immunity factors.

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