RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Monitoring self-reported suicide attempts (SA) with nationally representative surveys is important to initiate suicide prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of SA and compare deliberate self-harm, (DSH), mental health, drug misuse and traumas between SA and non-suicide attempters (NSA). METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey of a representative sample (N=1757) of the Norwegian population, we compared people with self-reported SA (n=54) to NSA (n=1703) regarding sociodemographic data, mental health problems, drug misuse and exposure to trauma. RESULTS: The prevalence of SA was 3.1 %. There was a higher proportion of welfare recipients and more deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumas in the SA group compared to NSA. CONCLUSION: This national study confirms the association between suicide attempt and deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumas.
Asunto(s)
Abuso de Medicamentos , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Prevalencia , Salud Mental , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and substance use, and to examine the use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. METHODS: National representative cross-sectional study among 16-19-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 9784). Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status and age, were used to examine the association between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use and health risk factors, and the use of youth health services. RESULTS: Adolescents exposed to sexual abuse had higher odds of depressive symptoms (males: OR:3.8; 95% CI:2.5-5.8, females: 2.9;2.4-3.5), daily headache (males: 5.3;2.8-10.1, females:1.9; 1.5-2.4), high medication use (males: 3.2;1.7-6.0, females: 2.0;1.6-2.6), self-harm (males: 3.8;2.4-6.0, females:3.2; 2.6-3.9), suicidal thoughts (males: 3.3; 2.2-5.0, females:3.0; 2.5-3.6) and suicide attempts (males: 9.5;5.6-16.0, females:3.6;2.7-4.9). Furthermore, exposure to sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of using school health services (males: 3.9;2.6-5.9, females: 1.6;1.3-1.9) and health services for youth (males: 4.8;3.1-7.6, females: 2.1;1.7-2.5). In general, substance use was associated with increased odds of adverse health related outcomes and use of youth health services, but the strength of the relationships varied according to sex. Finally, results indicated a significant interaction between sexual abuse and smoking that was associated with increased odds of having suicidal thoughts for males (2.6;1.1-6.5) but a decreased odds of having suicidal thoughts and have conducted suicide attempts once or more for females (0.6;0.4-1.0 and 0.5;0.3-0.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed a strong relationship between exposure to sexual abuse and health risks, especially among males. Moreover, males exposed to sexual abuse were much more likely to use youth health services compared to sexually abused females. Substance use was also associated with adverse health outcomes and use of youth health services, and interactions between sexual abuse and smoking seemed to influence risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts differently according to sex. Results from this study increase knowledge about possible health related effects of sexual abuse which should be used to identify victims and provide targeted treatment by youth health services.
Asunto(s)
Delitos Sexuales , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Servicios de Salud , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Relationships between students' academic performance and their employed study approaches have been studied extensively. However, research using study approaches and learning environment factors as concurrent predictors of academic performance is sparse. There is a need to disentangle the potentially interrelated influences of individual and contextual factors on students' academic performance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to increase the understanding of the associations between occupational therapy students' academic performance, and their approaches to studying, perceptions of the learning environment, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 174 first-year students completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and the Course Experience Questionnaire, in addition to background information. Data on grades were collected from the data registries of each education institution, and associations were analyzed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: None of the learning environment scales were associated with grades. Adjusting for all variables, better exam results were associated with being female (ß = 0.22, p < 0.01) and having higher scores on strategic approach (ß = 0.31, p < 0.001) and lower scores on surface approach (ß = -0.20, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that students with a desire for obtaining good grades ought to use strategic study behaviors and avoid using surface approach behaviors. While it is important to ensure good quality of the learning environment for a variety of reasons, the learning environment did not contribute significantly to explain the students' academic performance.