RESUMEN
Light-induced director orientation of polymeric liquid-crystalline systems was investigated. The materials under study were composed of a nematic liquid-crystalline polymer (NLCP) and a small amount (0.05-0.5 wt.%) of conformationally active (azobenzene) or stable (anthraquinone) dye impurity. Light action on the homogeneously aligned polymer films above glass transition temperature leads to the director reorientation and, consequently, to a change in the extraordinary refractive index. The effect is associated with the dye molecule excitation and related change of intermolecular forces. In the case of NLCP with conformationally active dye dopant, an extremely high orientational optical response was detected (nonlinear coefficient is n_{2}â¼0.1cm^{2}/W). In contrast, the efficiency of orientational light action on NLCP with conformationally stable dye dopant is of the same order of magnitude as that of dye-doped low-molar-mass liquid crystals. At the normal light incidence on the NLCP doped with azo-dye, the threshold director orientation is observed which is similar to the Fréedericksz transition under the action of magnetic and electric fields. The obtained high-orientational optical response of NLCP caused by azo-dye dopant in combination with the possibility of the recording of deformed structure in the glassy state, typical for polymer compounds, reveals new opportunities in photonics applications.
RESUMEN
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome--is a hereditary disease which is characterized by synchronous or metachronous development of benign (adenoma, hyperplasia) or malignant tumors in the endocrine organs. The presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma are mandatory requirements of MEN 2 syndrome. The purpose of our study was to perform timely diagnosis and optimal surgical treatment of patients with MEN 2 syndrome. Over the 1999-2009 years in the clinic we have diagnosed the MEN 2 syndrome in 5 patients, of whom two women were sisters. In all patients we observed medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. Two patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma, and the clinical course was characterized with mild arterial hypertension. Primary hyperparathyroidism was observed in 2 patients. In the near relatives of patients with MEN 2 syndrome it must measure calcitonin, catecholamines, calcium rate, conduct ultrasound examination of the neck and retroperitoneal space.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Hiperparatiroidismo/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 2a/diagnóstico , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/sangre , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/complicaciones , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Calcitonina/sangre , Calcio/sangre , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino , Catecolaminas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo/sangre , Hiperparatiroidismo/etiología , Hiperparatiroidismo/cirugía , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 2a/sangre , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 2a/complicaciones , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple Tipo 2a/cirugía , Feocromocitoma/sangre , Feocromocitoma/complicaciones , Feocromocitoma/cirugía , Hermanos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugíaRESUMEN
During the last years for surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism minimally invasive operations were applied. The results of the introduction of video-assisted parathyroidectomy in the clinic in 8 (32%) of 25 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who were operated during the 2010-2012 were analysed. Video-assisted parathyroidectomy compared to conventional operation allowed to reduce significantly the duration of the operation, to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, to achieve a better cosmetic effect.
Asunto(s)
Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/cirugía , Paratiroidectomía/métodos , Cirugía Asistida por Video , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente InvasivosRESUMEN
The review of the literature is presented and results of diagnostics and treatment of 28 patients with carcinoid tumours of the digestion canal of various localization are analysed. Carcinoids were both hormone-active, and hormone-inactive. Before the operation the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome has been established only for two patients. Carcinoid tumours of a liver were in 4 patients, a gall bladder - in 1, a pancreas - in 5, a stomach - in 1, a duodenum - in 1. Results of methods of laboratory and instrumental examination are given and corresponding conclusions are made.
Asunto(s)
Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Tumor Carcinoide/cirugía , Neoplasias del Sistema Digestivo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Digestivo/cirugía , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugíaRESUMEN
The results of diagnosis and treatment of 759 patients (aged from 8 to 78 years) with adrenal diseases were analyzed. A variety of clinical symptoms depended on the adrenal layer lesion. We analyzed the results of biochemical and instrumental methods of examination of patients, hormone levels in the blood, methods of preoperative preparation of patients, postoperative complications. The results of minimally invasive surgery of adrenal tumors were presented. From 1997 till 2010 endoscopic adrenalectomies performed in 81 patients.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Adrenalectomía/métodos , Laparoscopía , Cirugía Asistida por Video , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Endoscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Interaction of light and ac electric fields with a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) doped with nanosized second-generation carbosilane codendrimers containing terminal azobenzene fragments has been studied. A first-order Freedericksz transition in the linearly polarized light, accompanied by an intrinsic bistability in a wide region, was observed. An additional ac electric field decreases the light-induced Freedericksz transition threshold and narrows the bistability region. Light illumination transforms the second-order electric-field-induced Freedericksz transition to a first-order one. The width of the bistability region increases with the light wave intensity. The theory of the interaction of light and ac electric fields with the dendrimer-doped NLCs is developed taking into account an additional (with respect to the undoped nematic host) dependence of the optical torque on the angle between the director and the light field.
RESUMEN
X-ray and neutron scattering investigations have been made on two series of liquid crystal dendrimers. The low generations (first to fourth) predominantly show smectic phases. The fifth generation shows a tendency to form columnar phases and two different types have been observed. The transition from smectic to columnar has been explained in terms of the distance between the dendritic core and the mesogenic units. As the generation number is increased, the distance increases until it becomes greater than the maximum length of the flexible spacers causing a change in molecular shape and the formation of columnar phases. Although the materials are nearly monodisperse, the small variation in the number of mesogens per molecule gives rise to some subtle structural effects. Two coexisting structures have been observed over large temperature ranges in some materials and small angle neutron scattering indicates that there is some microphase segregation which is a reversible function of temperature.
RESUMEN
The article presents the trial's data obtained in the treatment of patients with chronic prostatites complicated with the derangement in reproductive and sexual function. The medication was established to have effective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulating activity; it improves urination and stimulates reproductive and sexual function.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Prostatitis/complicaciones , Prostatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Líquidos Corporales/microbiología , Esquema de Medicación , Eyaculación/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Infertilidad Masculina/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Prostatitis/microbiología , Prostatitis/fisiopatología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/fisiopatología , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
It was shown that the influence of high-voltage pulses (intensity of electric field 40-120 kV/cm) on cyanobacteria Anabaena flos aquae can be different and depends on the mode of treatment. It was found that in the range of pulse durations less than 1 microsecond with a pulse repetition rate of up to 500 Hz, and final temperature in the working chamber (60 +/- 1) degree C, a gradual full and irreversible inactivation of cyanobacteria independent of the pulse shape takes place. At the same time, a rapid (but slower than by the action of high-voltage pulses) heating without treatment with high-voltage impulses at the same final temperature leads to an inactivation of 80% of initial cyanobacteria followed by growth of bacteria up to 700% and more.
Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Electricidad , CalefacciónRESUMEN
The author submits analysis of treatment of 20 patients with adenoma of the prostate gland with the selective alpha 1-adrenoblocker doxazosin (Cardura, Pfizer, USA). The above drug was found to be more efficacious than placebo, as evidenced by reduction of disease symptoms and acceleration of rate of urination. There were no unfavourable side effects, drop of blood pressure or worsening of the sexual function. Doxazosin on a single-administration basis daily was also found to be a satisfactory and worth-while exercise. The results obtained suggest usefulness of Cardura as a non-surgical alternative treatment option for adenoma of the prostate gland.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/uso terapéutico , Doxazosina/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Doxazosina/efectos adversos , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
It was shown that determination of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity proves to be the adequate test of antioxidant protection under chronic coronary heart disease as well as the reliable laboratory test for the control of the effect of prophylactic ultra-violet radiation.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatología , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Oligoelementos/fisiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/enzimología , Isquemia Miocárdica/radioterapia , Oxidación-Reducción , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
A clinical trial of polypeptide prostatic preparation prostatilen has been performed in 37 and 15 patients with chronic prostatitis and prostatic adenoma, respectively. The treatment resulted in attenuation of algetic and dysuria symptoms. Copulative function and spermatogenesis improved. The uroflowmetric index rose, while residual urine and leukocyte count in prostatic secretion reduced. The drug demonstrated antibacterial and immunomodulation effects in the absence of adverse reactions. Prostatilen is indicated in: chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenoma stage I, normospermatogenic and toxic sterility, interoceptive copulative dysfunction, dysuria. The drug in recommended for clinical application.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Próstata/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Próstata/inmunología , Inducción de Remisión , Recuento de Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Results are reported of clinical trials of a drug obtained from the prostate of cattle. Prostatilen possesses an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulating effect, improves urination, stimulates the copulative and generative functions. Prostatilen is recommended for serial production and use in medical practice.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Próstata , Prostatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Crónica , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Palpación , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Prostatitis/complicaciones , Prostatitis/diagnóstico , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/diagnóstico , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiologíaRESUMEN
The results of treatment of 170 patients with diabetes mellitus and purulent wounds which appeared after opening the abscesses and phlegmons, and as well of 270 patients with gangrene of the lower extremities are presented. Early opening the abscess, improved quality of debridement of purulent wounds, and as well allotransplantation of pancreatic islet cell cultures (45 cases) permitted to stop progressing of the purulent process, place early secondary sutures, and in patients with the sutures placed, to achieve primary healing of the wounds.
Asunto(s)
Absceso/cirugía , Celulitis (Flemón)/cirugía , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Gangrena/cirugía , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos , Absceso/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Celulitis (Flemón)/etiología , Desbridamiento , Femenino , Gangrena/etiología , Humanos , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Técnicas de Cultivo de ÓrganosAsunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono/toxicidad , Estado de Salud , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Vísceras/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Ingestión de Líquidos , Homeostasis/fisiología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de los Órganos/fisiología , Ratas , Factores de Tiempo , Vísceras/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Under study were long-term results of transplantation of cultures of islet cells of the pancreas of human fetuses in 95 patients. A marked antidiabetic effect of transplantation was noted in 89 recipients. A conclusion was made that recipients with diabetes of the middle and first stages are not very perspective for intramuscular transplantation of the islet cell cultures of the pancreas. The most pronounced antidiabetic effect of transplantation was observed in patients with a severe form and labile course of diabetes mellitus with ketosis and ketoacidosis.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/cirugía , Trasplante de Tejido Fetal , Trasplante Homólogo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Trasplante de Islotes PancreáticosRESUMEN
The article presents results of treatment of 21 patients with a surgical pathology and diabetes mellitus who had intraportal allotransplantation of cultures of islet cells of the pancreas and 316 patients with the similar surgical pathology without such transplantation. It was found that the intraportal introduction of islet cell cultures into the liver can result in an early and considerable drop of the injected insulin dose which is very important in the postoperative period. This method allowed to make the period of treatment at the hospital approximately 15 days shorter.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/cirugía , Trasplante de Tejido Fetal/métodos , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/métodos , Trasplante Heterotópico/métodos , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo/cirugía , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatorios , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Hígado , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vena PortaRESUMEN
Two groups of patients with chronic urethral electrothermal stimulation [correction of electrothermoureterostimulation] were singled out. Group 1 (50 patients) received traditional treatment plus urethral electrothermal stimulation [correction of electrthermoureterostimulation] while group II only traditional treatment. The ejaculate in these groups receiving different treatment revealed significant qualitative and quantitative differences. Treatment including urethral electrostimulation [correction of electroureterostimulation] stimulates the mucosa and surrounding tissues of the urinary canal, prostatic part of the urethra [correction of ureter] and prostate, increase of its blood flow. This favoured resolution of the inflammatory process, opens the obstructed ducts of the urethral [correction of ureteral] process and alveoli of the prostate.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Calor/uso terapéutico , Prostatitis/terapia , Uretra , Uretritis/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia Combinada , Eyaculación/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prostatitis/fisiopatología , Uretritis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The results of treatment of 25 patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis accompanied by diabetes mellitus, who underwent transplantation of the pancreatic islet cells (PIC), and 40 patients with identical pathology, who underwent no PIC transplantation, are presented. In chronic cholecystitis and diabetes mellitus with the aim of preparation for the operation, PIC were administered intramuscularly, in acute cholecystitis and diabetes mellitus intraportally, after cholecystectomy. Transplantation of the PIC cultures in patients with diabetes mellitus contributes to correction of the impaired metabolic processes, reduction of the incidence of postoperative complications.