RESUMEN
Background: Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one's overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information. Results: A total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (±SD = 10.06), and 64.2% were female participants. Overall, 6.8% were found at risk of exercise addiction (EAI >24), 27.6% presented high levels of appearance anxiety, and 24.9% revealed low levels of emotional regulation's self-compassion. Most participants (55.6%) purchased IPEDs through pharmacies/specialized shops, while 41.3% purchased IPEDs on the Internet. Online IPEDs buyers were mainly men who had higher scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory. One or more IPEDs classifiable as "potentially risky" were used by 66.3% of the sample. Users of "potentially risky IPEDs" were younger and primarily men. They showed higher scores both on the Exercise Addiction Inventory and Appearance Anxiety Inventory. Conclusion: This study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Adictiva/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Nem tudo o que se produz na cultura pode ser considerado uma obra de arte; nem tudo o que se escreve é literatura. Como delinear esse contorno? Se, por um lado há restos, por outro, há a possibilidade de fazer emergir do lixo a obra. Há uma passagem onde uma torção se opera do litoral à literalidade: algo produzirá um efeito de abertura que se inscreverá sob diferentes modos de produção, tanto na criação quanto em seus efeitos. O litoral delineado a partir da letra, que dá forma à borda, aponta para os processos de subjetivação. O movimento de contornar o vazio da Coisa constitui um desenho, uma escritura, onde a borda indica a existência do furo. Nesse movimento empreendido, o gozo é invocado a partir de um excesso não todo capturável pelo campo do Outro. Dessa forma, como o literal emerge da criação?(AU)
Not everything culture produces can be regarded as a work of art. Not everything you write is literature. How to outline this boundary? If there are remains, on the other hand, there is the chance to make the work emerge from rubbish. There is a passage where a transformation from seaside to literariness occurs: something will produce an effect of openness that will place itself under distinct modes of production, both in creation and in its effects. The seaside, outlined by the letter, which shapes the border, points to the subjectivation processes. The outline of the emptiness of the Thing composes a drawing, a piece of witting, where the boarder means the existence of the hollow. In this process, delight is evoked by an excess which is not utterly capturable by the else's field. Therefore, how does the literal emerge from creation?(AU)
RESUMEN
Este trabalho tem como proposta mostrar a proximidade entre a arte e a psicanálise, ressaltando o fato de que a arte moderna é contemporânea à psicanálise, e busca, no estudo da trajetória da arte moderna e pós-moderna, especificamente no movimento pós-moderno denominado body art, reconhecer como função da arte evidenciar o mal-estar do sujeito na cultura. Estabelecemos uma distinção entre modernidade e pós-modernidade, problematizando as transformações que, no âmbito da cultura, envolveram tais conceitos. Destacamos a body art por ser um movimento artístico pós-moderno em que o artista aniquila a sua própria imagem em nome da arte, para indagarmos sobre o que estaria em jogo em relação a este ato. Toda a pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como eixo teórico a psicanálise, fundamentada nos conceitos de pulsão de morte, sublimação e recalque de Freud e Lacan e na contribuição de autores contemporâneos (AU)