RESUMEN
Despite progress made in the treatment of tobacco dependence, currently available treatments are effective for only a fraction of smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the effectiveness of treatment with nicotine or bupropion in heavy smokers (n=70), and 6 candidate polymorphisms in CYP2A6, 5-HTT and HTR2A genes. Analysis revealed a significant association between "favourable" genotype combination carriers (CYP2A6 "slow metabolizer" or 5HTT L-allele or HTR2A-1438GG) and nicotine treatment outcome (OR=2.69, 95% CI=1.28-5.64). Genetic variations in CYP2A6 gene or genotypes associated with reduced synaptic serotonin activity may influence the success of smoking cessation treatment.
Asunto(s)
Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2A/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Serotonina en la Membrana Plasmática/genética , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Tabaquismo/genética , Tabaquismo/terapia , Adulto , Bupropión/uso terapéutico , Citocromo P-450 CYP2A6 , Inhibidores de Captación de Dopamina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nicotina/uso terapéutico , Agonistas Nicotínicos/uso terapéutico , FarmacogenéticaRESUMEN
Se han revisado las publicaciones científicas sobre la lipoatrofia semicircular, desde 1974 a octubre de 2010 en Medline y Google académico. Objetivo: Obtener toda la bibliografía científica médica disponible y la documentación elaborada por los organismos oficiales, y situarla en relación con el síndrome del edificio enfermo. Material y métodos: Se han utilizado las palabras clave Lipoatrophia semicircularis y Semicircular lipoatrophy. Resultados: Escasa bibliografía encontrada, exclusivamente 32 artículos en Medline. El 33% de ellos pertenece a autores españoles. Discusión: La lipoatrofia semicircular es un defecto estético más que una enfermedad, es una lesión benigna y reversible considerada banal. Sin embargo, ha sorprendido al siglo XXI apareciendo en el entorno que se consideraba más seguro de todos los laborales. Donde sólo se preveían patologías músculo-esqueléticas, oculares y psicosociales, ha surgido una nueva enfermedad que parece estar relacionada con el sexo femenino, los microtraumatismos y las cargas electrostáticas. Conclusiones: Debemos encuadrar la lipoatrofia semicircular como una enfermedad propia de los edificios (al igual que la legionelosis, por ejemplo) y distinta al síndrome del edificio enfermo. Son necesarios más estudios para responder a las preguntas aún abiertas sobre su fisiopatogenia (AU)
Background: We have reviewed the entries on semicircular lipoatrophy in the Medline and Academic Google databases for the period from 1974 to October 2010, with the aim to retrieve all the available scientific-medical publications and the documentation prepared by official authroities and to set it in relation to the sick building syndrome. Material and methods: The key terms Lipoatrophia semicircularis and Semicircular lipoatrophy were used for the search. Results: The bibliography found was scarce, with only 32 articles in the Medline database. Among them, 33% had been written by Spanish authors. Discussion: Semicircular lipoatrophy is an aesthetic defect rather than a disease; it is a reversible and benign condition which is considered banal. It has however surprised scientists in the XXIst Century, as it has appeared it the environment which was considered safest among all working ones. Where only musculoskeletal disorders, eye conditions and psychosocial derangements were expected or foreseen, a new condition has emerged which apparently correlates with the female gender, microtraumatisms and static electricity charges. Conclusions: Semicircular lipoatrophy should be considered a building-related condition (the same as, for example, Legionnaires disease), and apart from the sick building syndrome. Further studies are required in order to answer the still-open questions regarding its pathogenesis (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Grasa Subcutánea/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Ambientales/diagnóstico , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Síndrome del Edificio EnfermoRESUMEN
The Z-disk protein alpha-actinin-3 is only expressed in type II muscle fibres, which are responsible for generating forceful contractions at high velocity. Despite the evolutionary conservation of alpha-actinin-3, approximately one in every five Caucasians of European ancestry is totally deficient in this protein, due to homozygosity for a R577X polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene. This, together with the results of recent research on elite athletes, suggests that the "null" XX polymorphism might confer some advantage to endurance performance events. To test this hypothesis, we studied the frequency distribution of R577X genotypes in a group of 50 top-level male professional cyclists (26.9 +/- 0.4 yrs [mean +/- SEM]; VO2max: 73.5 +/- 0.8 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)). Their results were compared with those of a group of 52 Olympic-class male endurance runners (26.8 +/- 0.6 yrs; VO2max: 73.3 +/- 0.8 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) and 123 healthy, sedentary male controls. All subjects were Caucasian, and of European ancestry. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between groups: RR: 28.5 %; RX: 53.6 % and XX: 17.9 % in controls; RR: 28.0 %; RX: 46.0 % and XX: 26.0 % in cyclists; and RR: 25.0 %; RX: 57.7 %; XX: 17.3 % in runners). No differences were found in indices of endurance performance (VO2peak or ventilatory thresholds) between athlete carriers of each R577X genotype. In summary, although the alpha-actinin-3 deficient XX genotype may be detrimental for sprint performance in humans, the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene does not appear to confer an advantage on the ability of male athletes to sustain extreme endurance performance.
Asunto(s)
Actinina/genética , Ciclismo , Resistencia Física/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Ventilación Pulmonar/fisiología , Actinina/deficiencia , Adulto , Alelos , Análisis de Varianza , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , CarreraRESUMEN
Objetivo: Analizar la presencia de alcohol y otras sustancias en muestras biológicas (sangre y humor vítreo) de fallecidos a causa de accidentes laborales producidos en la Comunidad de Madrid entre los años 1999 y 2003, ambos incluidos. Se describe la población a estudio, las circunstancias en las que se produjeron las muertes y las concentraciones de estas sustancias en las muestras. Método: Se utilizan técnicas de cromatografía de gases con inyector tipo espacio de cabeza para la determinación de alcohol etílico. Se analiza también la presencia de otras sustancias psicoactivas por técnicas de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y cromatografía de gases con espectrometría de masas. Resultados: En los 180 fallecidos en accidentes laborales en los que se ha investigado la presencia alcohol, se ha obtenido un resultado positivo en un total de 34 casos (18,9%). Un 8,3% de las muestras presentaban una concentración de alcohol etílico igual o superior a 0,5 g/l. También se han detectado sustancias tipo opiáceos, cocaína, benzodiacepinas, antidepresivos o cannabis (3,75% de los caos analizados). Conclusiones: 1) Se observa una tendencia al ascenso en el número de accidentes laborales en los tres últimos años. 2) No es una práctica de rutina la solicitud de análisis toxicológico en este tipo de accidentes por parte de los médicos forenses. 3) Se detecta una presencia elevada de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas entre las víctimas del estudio, lo cual sugiere la posibilidad de promover programas de formación y asistencia a los trabajadores
Background: To assess the presence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in biological samples (blood and humor vitreus) of persons deceased because of occupation accidents having occurred in the Community of Madrid between 1999 and 2003 inclusive. The study population, the circumstances of death and the concentrations of those substances in the samples are described. Method: Gas chromatography techniques with a headspace-type injector were used for the determination of ethanol. The presence of other psychoactive substances was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectometry techniques. Results: Among the 180 deceased in occupation accidentes in whom the presence of alcohol was assessed, positive results were recorded in 34 cases 18.9%); 8.3% of the samples evidenced ethyl alcohol concentrations equal to or greater than 0.5 g/l. Other substances detected (in 3.75% of the cases analysed) were opiates, cocaine, benzodiazepines, antidepressants or cannabis. Conclusions: (1) An increasing trend has been noted in the number of occupation accidents over the last three years. (2) Requesting toxicological analyses in this type of accidents is not routine practise among forensic physicians. (3) There is a high level of presence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances among the studied accident victims, suggesting the possibility to promote and implement training and workforce assistance programmes
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Accidentes de Trabajo/prevención & control , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Accidentes de Trabajo/mortalidad , Alcoholismo/mortalidad , España , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/mortalidadRESUMEN
Recent studies have demonstrated some association between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity and the development and progression of different entities as diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic allograft nephropathy. To investigate these associations, we studied some gene polymorphisms of RAS in a group of renal transplant recipients. We retrospectively analyzed 42 patients who underwent a primary renal transplantation for 2 years. A subgroup of 23 patients (55%) was diagnosed with postransplant DM in accordance with American Diabetes Association 2001 criteria. We studied two RAS gene polymorphisms: the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and angiotensinogen (AGTM235T). Genotyping was performed by DNA purification and amplification with a polymerase chain reaction technique. The distributions of genotypes were ACE DD, ID, II: 33%, 48%, 19%; and AGT TT, MT, MM: 15%, 45%, 40%, respectively. We observed a progressive loss in renal function measured by creatinine clearance (Cockroft) in D-allele carriers (DD+ID) between the first and the second transplantation year: 65.3 +/- 4.3 vs 59.8 +/- 4.6 mL/min (P = 0.02); that was not seen in II patients: 68.8 +/- 4.6 vs 68.4 +/- 4 mL/min (P = 0.87). Fifty percent of D-allele carriers developed DM vs 25% of non-D-allele carriers (P = 0.19). Eighty-three percent of homozygous patients for the AGT-TT allele developed DM vs 35% of non TT patients (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences regarding recipient demographic characteristics, type of donor, number and severity of acute rejections, and immunosuppressant treatment between the groups. In conclusion, ACE D-allele seems to be associated with a poorer kidney graft long-term outcome. ACE D and AGT T alleles may be implicated in glucose metabolism disorders after transplantation.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Riñón/fisiología , Polimorfismo Genético , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/genética , ADN/sangre , ADN/genética , ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hereditary haemochromatosis, a disease that affects iron metabolism, progresses with a greater or lesser tendency to induce iron overload, possibly leading to severe organ dysfunction. Most elite endurance athletes take iron supplements during their active sporting life, which could aggravate this condition. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and discuss potential clinical implications of mutations of HFE (the gene responsible for hereditary haemochromatosis) in endurance athletes. METHODS: Basal concentrations of iron, ferritin, and transferrin and transferrin saturation were determined in the period before competition in 65 highly trained athletes. Possible mutations in the HFE gene were evaluated in each subject by extracting genomic DNA from peripheral blood. The restriction enzymes SnaBI and BclI were used to detect the mutations 845G-->A (C282Y) and 187C-->G (H63D). RESULTS: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of HFE gene mutations in this population (49.2%) compared with sedentary controls (33.5%). No association was detected in the athletes between mutations and blood iron markers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the need to assess regularly iron stores in elite endurance athletes.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo , Hemocromatosis/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Sobrecarga de Hierro/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Carrera , Adulto , Ferritinas/sangre , Proteína de la Hemocromatosis , Humanos , Hierro/administración & dosificación , Hierro/sangre , Masculino , Mutación/genética , Resistencia Física/genética , Transferrina/análisisRESUMEN
En el presente artículo pretendemos dar una información útil para la práctica diaria del médico del Trabajo responsable de una población expuesta al plomo. Describimos los marcadores biológicos, sus niveles de referencia y las acciones preventivas a desarrollar en cada caso (AU)
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Riesgos Laborales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Salud Laboral , Enfermedades Profesionales/sangre , Intoxicación por Plomo/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Protocolos Clínicos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Valores de Referencia , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/genética , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/prevención & control , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare hormonal changes in plasma total testosterone (T), cortisol (C), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (P) in two world-class teams, both consisting of 9 top male pro-cyclists, during a real sports situation (the 1998 "Vuelta a España", a 3-week multi-stage international cycling competition). Venous blood samples were taken the day before the race (S0), after 1 week (S1), after 2 weeks (S2) and at the end of the race (S3). The S0 T level was significantly lower in the team with more racing days in the previous month. There was a significant basal T decrease (p < 0.05) during the race in comparison with the initial value, in spite of the difference in S0 T level between teams. However, there was no difference between teams in the mean decrease in T level. C decreased significantly between S0 and S1 and between S1 and S2, but not between S2 and S3. There were no differences in P concentration between teams or throughout the study, except for a significant increase between S2 and S3. There were no initial differences in LH nor FSH concentration between the teams, nor at any of the study follow-up times. We conclude that in professional top-level athletes S0 T values depend on the number of competition days of the previous month. We observed a similar decrease in the T levels in both teams, independent of the absolute S0 values. In both teams C decreased during long-lasting cycling competition.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo/fisiología , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Hormonas/fisiología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/métodos , Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Adulto , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Prolactina/sangre , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
El látex se obtiene del árbol Hevea brasilensis y se utiliza habitualmente para la fabricación de múltiples productos, entre los que destacan los guantes de uso médico. La urticaria alérgica de contacto al látex (UACL) es una reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo I generalmente leve, pero que en ocasiones puede desencadenar un shock anafiláctico. Los responsables son los diversos alergenos del caucho, 11 de ellos ya identificados. Algunos de ellos tienen relación con proteínas de las frutas, lo que justifica la existencia de reacciones cruzadas. El estudio de esta patología se basa en la historia clínica y en pruebas in vivo e in vitro cada vez más sensibles y específicas. La incidencia de UACL está aumentando, sobre todo en los grupos de riesgo, razón por la cual se están empezando a tomar medidas profilácticas como el uso de sustancias alternativas o la fabricación de guantes de látex de menor poder alergénico (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Guantes Quirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad al Látex/epidemiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/prevención & control , Urticaria/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Reacciones Cruzadas/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Hipersensibilidad al Látex/diagnósticoRESUMEN
El empleo de marcadores biológicos, entendido el concepto como un parámetro, estructura o proceso que puede ser monitorizado en el organismo humano, se presenta actualmente como un factor clave en Medicina. En este contexto, el estudio de polimorfismos genéticos en enzimas involucradas en la degradación y eliminación de sustancias extrañas del organismo parece interesante, habida cuenta de la variabilidad en el metabolismo observada entre individuos. En la presente revisión se realiza una actualización sobre el papel del citocromo P450 como marcador biológico en la eliminación de xenobióticos y sus diferentes polimorf ismos en la susceptibilidad individual al desarrollo de diferentes patologías (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Biomarcadores/análisis , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/análisis , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Xenobióticos/análisis , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/metabolismoRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión sobre el estado actual de los marcadores biológicos asociados al consumo de etanol y su utilidad, tanto en la valoración de la ingesta continuada (CDT, GOT mitocondrial y CETP) como de la posible susceptibilidad/vulnerabilidad de alcohol dependencia (GGT, VCM, transaminasas, colesterol, triglicéridos y MAO). También se analiza el papel que desempeñan los polimorfismos genéticos de alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH), acetaldehído deshidrogenasa (ALDH) y citocromo P450 (CYP450) en el metabolismo del etanol y en el desarrollo de patologías relacionadas (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Biomarcadores/análisis , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Acetaldehído/análisis , Etanol/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/análisisRESUMEN
La hemocromatosis hereditaria (HH) es una enfermedad genética caracterizada por una acumulación progresiva de hierro en diferentes órganos como consecuencia de una elevada absorción de éste. El diagnóstico clínico de la HH está basado en la evaluación de los niveles séricos de hierro, ferritina, transferrina e índice de saturación de transferrina. En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis comparativo entre estos parámetros bioquímicos y la presencia de las mutaciones C282Y y H63D en el gen HFE asociadas a HH en una muestra de población laboral (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hemocromatosis/genética , Transferrina/análisis , Mutación/genética , Ferritinas/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the hormonal response to strenuous endurance exercise performed by elite athletes. METHODS: Nine professional cyclists (mean (SD) age 28 (1) years; mean (SD) VO(2)MAX 75.3 (2.3) ml/kg/min) who participated in a three week tour race (Vuelta a España 1999) were selected as subjects. Morning urinary levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and morning serum levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and cortisol were measured in each subject at t(0) (before the competition), t(1) (end of first week), t(2) (end of second week), and t(3) (end of third week). Urine samples of aMT6s were also evaluated in the evening at t(0), t(1), t(2), and t(3). RESULTS: Mean urinary aMT6s levels had increased significantly (p<0.01) during the day after each stage (1091 (33) v 683 (68) ng/ml at t(1); 955 (19) v 473 (53) ng/ml at t(2); 647 (61) v 337 (47) ng/ml at t(3)). Both morning and evening aMT6s levels decreased significantly during the study. A similar pattern was observed for morning serum levels of cortisol and testosterone. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the basal activity of the pineal gland, adrenal glands, and testis may be decreased after consecutive days of intense, long term exercise.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo/fisiología , Hormonas/sangre , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Ritmo Circadiano , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Melatonina/orina , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of hereditary hemochromatosis gene mutations, C282Y and H63D, from 125 autochthonous blood donors originating from a Central region of Spain, to provide epidemiological data about HFE gene in the Iberian Peninsula. METHODS: DNA extracted from blood samples was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Restriction enzymes were Snab I and Bcl I for C282Y and H63D, respectively. Results were visualized with Ethidium Bromide staining after gel electrophoresis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: C282Y frequency was 0.02 and that of H63D was 0.16. Result for C282Y mutation falls within the range of variation of the Mediterranean populations. H63D frequency agrees with those reported for other European populations. In both cases frequencies obtained are the lowest of compared Spanish data. CONCLUSIONS: This study is useful to compare expected versus presented C282Y and H63D frequencies in Spanish populations and to contribute to the knowledge of Spanish variability, rarely analyzed until now for HFE gene mutations.
Asunto(s)
Hemocromatosis/genética , Mutación , Europa (Continente) , Frecuencia de los Genes , Variación Genética , Heterocigoto , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
AIMS: This study was designed to explore the plasma oxytocin (OT) response to exercise until exhaustion in trained male cyclists. METHODS: Twelve professional cyclists (EXP group; age: 26 +/- 2 years; VO(2)max: 4,804 +/- 549 ml) and 10 sedentary young men (CONT group; age: 23 +/- 2 years; VO(2)max: 3,146 +/- 602 ml) performed a maximal incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Evaluation was made of the oxygen uptake (VO(2)) and concentrations of blood lactate and plasma OT immediately before, during and immediately after the tests, respectively. RESULTS: Significant increases (p < 0.01) related to exercise were recorded in VO(2) and lactate concentration within each group, while no such changes were observed in OT levels. OT values, on the other hand, were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in EXP than in CONT throughout the tests. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that plasma OT shows no response to graded exercise until exhaustion in professional cyclists.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Oxitocina/sangre , Adulto , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Con el fin de obtener algoritmos de toma de decisiones en los reconocimientos médicos laborales y poder llegar a establecer protocolos de laboratorio según las características de los grupos de trabajadores, se ha estudiado una población tomada al azar (n = 870) y se han buscado una serie de marcadores en sangre y orina siguiendo protocolos de actuación establecidos previamente. Así se han estudiado, hasta la actualidad, la anemia, el consumo de droga de abuso y el alcoholismo. Los resultado obtenidos han confirmado las sospechas de que estas patologías se encuentran subyacentes en los individuos estudiados y que a través de estos marcadores se confirman como elementos a tener en cuenta la vigilancia de la salud de esta población.Existe casi un 2 por ciento de consumo de drogas en la muestra estudiada, un 50 por ciento de población. Existe casi un 2 por ciento de consumo de drogas en la muestra estudiada, un 50 por ciento de alteraciones en la ferritina/transferrina dentro de los casos seleccionados como sospechosos de anemia y hasta un 22 por ciento de positivos en la detección de consumo de alcohol. Con estos datos queda clara la importancia de seguir estudiando un nuevo concepto de actuaciones en esta población y la necesidad de establecer una relación coste/eficacia parta determinar su implementación en la rutina de los exámenes médicos laborales (AU)
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Biomarcadores/orina , 16054 , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Toma de Decisiones , Anemia/sangre , Anemia/orina , Anemia/prevención & control , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/orina , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/sangre , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/prevención & control , Alcoholismo/prevención & control , Alcoholismo/orina , Alcoholismo/sangre , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Ferritinas/orina , Ferritinas/sangreRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim of this investigation was to examine the thyroid hormone levels of professional cyclists during a 3-week stage competition (Vuelta a España 1998). METHODS: The study population was made up of 16 male cyclists from two world-leading professional teams. Four blood samples were drawn (between 07:00 and 09:00 a.m.) from each participant before and at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of competition. 3,5,3'(-Triiodothyronine (T(3)), free T(3) (FT(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), free T(4) (FT(4)) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined in each blood sample by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Serum T(4), FT(4) and FT(3) levels showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) by the last week of competition while concentrations of TSH and T(3) remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, 3 weeks of competition provokes changes in basal thyroid hormone concentrations in professional road cyclists.
Asunto(s)
Ciclismo , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangre , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Tirotropina/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Allele frequency distributions of six short tandem repeat (STR) loci, HUMTH01, HUMFES/FPS, HUMTPOX, HUMVWF/A31, HUMF13B, and HUMLPL, were determined in a population (101 individuals) of the Vera-Jerte region in West Central Spain. Amplified products were electrophoresed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels and silver-stained. The exact test demonstrated that none of the six loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. R-matrix analysis in relation to other European samples agrees well with genetic distance results of Reynolds et al. (1983). Comparisons show that our population comes reasonably well within the range of variation of other European samples, and that the representation of these samples on the genetic map indicates a close relation between geographical location and distribution in the diagram.
Asunto(s)
Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Alelos , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Mapeo Cromosómico , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Europa (Continente) , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Genética de Población , Humanos , Masculino , Cadenas de Markov , Método de Montecarlo , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Tinción con Nitrato de Plata , EspañaRESUMEN
Twelve trained young males (age: 24 +/- 5 years) performed an incremental test to exhaustion during which capillary blood and saliva samples were obtained to determine the blood lactate (LT) and salivary amylase (T(sa)) thresholds. The root mean-square voltage of electromyographic activity (rms-EMG) of the vastus lateralis muscle was also recorded to detect the electromyographic threshold (EMG(T)). No significant difference was found between the exercise intensity corresponding to the LT, T(sa) or EMG(T).