RESUMEN

We investigated the local and systemic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in BALB/C mice, exposed to two different exposure times, under 2.4 atmosphere (ATM). Fifteen animals were divided into three groups (GI, GII and Control) and underwent a surgical excision of a skin fragment of approximately one square centimeter of the dorsal region. The wounds were treated and monitored for 21 days. In the control group, the wound was cleaned once a day with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution. GI and GII mice were submitted to daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy of 30 or 60minutes sessions, respectively. The wounds were photographed every three days and their surfaces were analyzed by an image analyzer. At 21 days, all animals were euthanatized for histopathological analysis of the skin, lungs and liver in order to identify eventual alterations in wound healing or in the analyzed organs. Animals belonging to GI showed a faster skin wound healing in comparison to the other groups. Animals from GII, however, showed a delayed wound healing process and exhibited lung and microcirculatory alterations. These findings allow us to conclude that the exposure time to the oxygen in hyperbaric environment is crucial and can help or disturb skin wound healing or even be deleterious to other organs.(AU)

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Investigaram-se os efeitos locais e sistêmicos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica em camundongos BALB / C, submetidos a dois tempos de exposição diferentes, sob atmosfera 2,4 (ATM). Quinze animais foram divididos em três grupos (GI, GII e controle) e submetidos à excisão cirúrgica de fragmento de pele de aproximadamente um centímetro quadrado da região dorsal. As feridas foram tratadas e acompanhadas por 21 dias. No grupo controle, a ferida foi limpa uma vez ao dia, com solução estéril de NaCl 0,9%. Camundongos GI e GII foram submetidos à oxigenoterapia hiperbárica diária de 30 ou 60 minutos de sessões, respectivamente. As feridas foram fotografadas a cada três dias, e suas superfícies analisadas por um analisador de imagens. Aos 21 dias, todos os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia para análise histopatológica da pele, do pulmão e do fígado, em busca de eventuais alterações na cicatrização da ferida ou nos órgãos analisados. Animais pertencentes ao GI apresentaram cicatrização mais rápida de feridas cutâneas em comparação aos outros grupos. Já os animais do GII apresentaram retardo na cicatrização da ferida e alterações pulmonares e microcirculatórias. Esses achados permitem concluir que o tempo de exposição ao oxigênio em ambiente hiperbárico é fundamental e pode auxiliar ou atrapalhar a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas ou mesmo ser deletério para outros órgãos.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratones , Lesiones por Desenguantamiento/terapia , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/veterinaria , Cicatrización de Heridas

RESUMEN

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) - the agent of bovine herpetic mamillitis (BHM) - is related to Human alphaherpesviruses 1 and 2 (HHV-1, HHV-2) and, as such, has been proposed as a model for vaccine and drug testing. We herein investigated the anti-viral activity in vitro against BoHV-2 of three anti-herpetic drugs: Cidofovir (CDV), Fanciclovir (FAM), Foscarnet (PFA), and diphenyl disselenide (Ph2Se2), a compound that has showed activity against HHV-2. Plaque reduction assays (PRA) revealed a significant reduction in viral plaques (p < 0.05) in cells treated with Ph2Se2 (79.7% reduction) or CDV (62.8%). FAM treatment resulted in a slight decrease in plaque number (22.9%, p < 0.05); PFA showed no activity. The effects of Ph2Se2 and CDV, alone or in combination, were investigated in ewes inoculated with BoHV-2 transdermally and submitted to daily topic treatment. Virus inoculated ewes developed lesions progressing through the stages of hyperemia, large papules or depressed dark areas, followed by scab formation. Treatment with Ph2Se2 resulted in reduction in clinical score from day 10 pi onwards (P < 0.05), shortening of clinical course and reduction in duration of virus shedding (P < 0.05) compared to untreated controls. Combined treatment (Ph2Se2 + CDV) and CDV alone, also led to clinical improvement (P < 0.05), yet less pronounced and delayed. These results are promising towards the use of Ph2Se2, alone or in combination with anti-herpetic drugs, in the treatment of udder and teat lesions produced by BoHV-2 in dairy cows.

Asunto(s)

Antivirales/farmacología , Derivados del Benceno/farmacología , Cidofovir/farmacología , Herpes Simple/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Bovino 2/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Derivados del Benceno/uso terapéutico , Cidofovir/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/inmunología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/virología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/uso terapéutico , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/virología , Esparcimiento de Virus/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of ventilation mode and manual chest compression (MCC) application on the flow bias generated during positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP) in mechanically ventilated patients. PEEP-ZEEP is an airway clearance manoeuvre with the potential to exceed the flow bias required to remove secretions. However, the ventilation mode applied during the manoeuvre has not been standardised. DESIGN: Randomised crossover trial. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen mechanically ventilated patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomised to receive PEEP-ZEEP in volume-controlled and pressure-controlled modes, and with or without MCC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference in flow bias - assessed by the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) ratio and difference - between PEEP-ZEEP applied in both ventilation modes, and with and without MCC. RESULTS: The expiratory flow bias was significantly higher in the volume-controlled mode than the pressure-controlled mode. This result was caused by a lower PIF in the volume-controlled mode. PEEP-ZEEP applied in the pressure-controlled mode did not achieve the PEF-PIF difference threshold to clear mucus. Moreover, in the majority of cycles of PEEP-ZEEP applied in the pressure-controlled mode, an inspiratory flow bias was generated, which might embed mucus. PEF was 8l/minute higher with MCC compared with without MCC, which increased the PEF-PIF difference by the same amount. No haemodynamic or respiratory adverse effects were found. CONCLUSIONS: If applied in the volume-controlled mode, PEEP-ZEEP can achieve the flow bias needed to expel pulmonary secretions. However, this is not the case in the pressure-controlled mode. MCC can augment the flow bias generated by PEEP-ZEEP, but its application may be dispensable. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-223xv8/.

Asunto(s)

Oscilación de la Pared Torácica/métodos , Respiración con Presión Positiva/métodos , Ventilación Pulmonar , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Terapia Respiratoria/métodos , Adulto , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

Hobi-like viruses (HobiPeV) comprise a novel, recently classified species of bovine pestiviruses, originally identified in commercial fetal bovine serum of Brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. Although frequently isolated from clinical cases, most HobiPeV isolates failed to reproduce overt disease in cattle upon experimental inoculation. Herein, we describe the outcome of experimental infection of four to six months-old seronegative calves with two Brazilian HobiPeV isolates. Calves inoculated intranasally with isolate SV478/07 developed viremia between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (pi) and shed virus in nasal secretions up to day 11pi. These animals presented hyperthermia (day 7 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia from days 4 to 8pi. Clinically, all four calves developed varied degrees of apathy, anorexia, mild to moderate respiratory signs (nasal secretion, hyperemia), ocular discharge and pasty diarrhea in the days following virus inoculation. In contrast, calves inoculated with isolate SV757/15 presented only hyperthermia (days 3 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia (days 4-8 pi), without other apparent clinical signs. In these animals, viremia was detected up to day 9 pi and virus shedding in nasal secretions lasted up to day 12-14 pi. Both groups seroconverted to the inoculated viruses, developing virus neutralizing (VN) titers from 320 to 5120 at day 28pi. These results extend previous findings that experimental infections of calves with HobiPeV are predominantly mild, yet they also indicate that field isolates may differ in their ability to cause disease in susceptible animals.

Asunto(s)

Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/virología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Bovinos/virología , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/clasificación , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/patogenicidad , Fiebre/virología , Linfopenia/virología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/virología , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Temperatura Corporal , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/inmunología , Diarrea Mucosa Bovina Viral/fisiopatología , Brasil , Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Infecciones por Pestivirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/veterinaria , Factores de Tiempo , Carga Viral , Viremia/virología , Esparcimiento de Virus

RESUMEN

We tested three artificial diets for rearing larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aiming at reducing the production costs of this predator. Two of the diets come from studies with other species of lacewings, and the third is a modification described in this paper. All diets were based on animal protein and were supplied to 2nd and 3rd instar larvae, whereas 1st instar larvae received eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). We evaluated the preimaginal duration and survival, adult size, longevity and fecundity, egg hatchability, and predatory capacity of larvae produced. The performance of the diets was followed for seven generations. The diet we describe showed to be the best among the artificial diets tested. Our results show that C. externa can be successfully reared on artificial diets during second and third instars, reducing in 90% the dependency on eggs of A. kuehniella.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Lepidópteros , Animales , Insectos , Larva

RESUMEN

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is usually associated with a favorable outcome, but about 10% of patients tend to relapse. The genetic hallmark of APL is a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 15 and 17, and the PML-RARa gene fusion is found in more than 90% of these cases. Other chromosomal abnormalities are commonly found in APL, but their clinical significance has yet to be determined. Here we report a case of childhood APL that was studied by conventional cytogenetics along with molecular cytogenetic techniques. The patient showed a complex karyotype with an unusual cytogenetic rearrangement originating from two different abnormalities in a single chromosome 6. Our case is an exceptional example of a cryptic cytogenetic anomaly in APL and underscores the importance of detailed genetic characterization.

Asunto(s)

Cromosomas Humanos Par 6 , Reordenamiento Génico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Translocación Genética/genética , Niño , Bandeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 15 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Masculino

RESUMEN

We describe a case of retinoblastoma with an atypical presentation and previously unreported cytogenetic aberrations. A 19-month-old girl with left intraocular retinoblastoma was treated with enucleation and chemotherapy. The disease showed aggressive evolution within a short period between diagnosis and relapse. Eight months after diagnosis, a new large tumor was present in the orbit of the right eye, with diffuse bone pain, pancytopenia and diffuse infiltration into the bone marrow and the central nervous system. The child did not respond to treatment and died. Cytogenetic studies made with G-banding, FISH and SKY analysis showed chromosomal aberrations commonly associated with retinoblastoma, including del(13q), i(6p), +1, and monosomy 16, along with others that had not been reported previously, including dup(5q), dic(15;22) and add(14q). The new chromosomal aberrations may be related to the aggressiveness of the disease in this case.

Asunto(s)

Retinoblastoma/genética , Retinoblastoma/patología , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal conditions of removable partial denture (RPD) wearers, comparing direct and indirect abutment teeth, and the teeth not involved in the denture design before denture placement and 1 year later. Fifty patients (32 women and 18 men), average age 45, were assessed by the same examiner at the moment of denture insertion and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. The following items were verified in each assessment: probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). PD and PI data were evaluated by anova test for linear trend followed by Tukey-Kramer post-test, while GI data were analysed by Friedman's test. Results showed that the teeth not involved in the denture design were the least affected for all variables studied. It was also verified that PD and GI mean values increased from the initial assessment to 1 year of RPD wearing in every group, but that only PI showed a significant increase. This study indicated that direct and indirect retainer elements tend to undergo more damaging periodontal effects associated with RPD wearing when compared with non-abutment elements. Plaque index values were significantly higher after 1 year of denture use.

Asunto(s)

Pilares Dentales , Dentadura Parcial Removible , Índice Periodontal , Adulto , Anciano , Diente Premolar/patología , Diente Canino/patología , Abrazadera Dental , Índice de Placa Dental , Diseño de Prótesis Dental , Diseño de Dentadura , Retención de Dentadura/instrumentación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedades de las Encías/clasificación , Humanos , Incisivo/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diente Molar/patología , Bolsa Periodontal/clasificación

RESUMEN

This study has evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic responses of etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug combined with misoprostol in pre-clinical assays. Groups of animals (mice and rats) were subjected to rat's paw edema induced by carrageenan, and writhing and formalin tests in mice. Treatment with etoricoxib, misoprostol, and etoricoxib combined with misoprostol inhibited the inflammation process by 35 %, 30 %, and 61 %, respectively in the rat paw edema induced by carrageenan with the greatest effects being obtained in the group treated with etoricoxib combined to misoprostol. In the writhing test, etoricoxib inhibited the number of writhes by 33 %, and by 27 % when combined with misoprostol. In the first phase of the formalin test (nociceptive), treatment with the combination of etoricoxib and misoprostol inhibited significantly this process by 45 %, while in the second phase (inflammatory), etoricoxib inhibited this by 97 %, the etoricoxib + misoprostol inhibited this by 78 %, respectively. The responses observed have demonstrated that the combination of etoricoxib and misoprostol increased the anti-inflammatory response, but it did not show effect in the peripheral analgesic response.

Asunto(s)

Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Misoprostol/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Sulfonas/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Carragenina , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/efectos adversos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/prevención & control , Etoricoxib , Masculino , Ratones , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/prevención & control , Dimensión del Dolor , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sulfonas/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

This study verified the host species of the parasitoid Hemencyrtus herbertii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of adult flies or their parasitoids. The overall occurence of parasitism was 6.5 percent. The occurrence of parasitism presented in the hosts Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Sarcodexia lambens (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was 1.3 percent and 29.4 percent, respectively.

Asunto(s)

Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos , Dípteros/parasitología , Enfermedades Parasitarias/epidemiología , Himenópteros/parasitología

RESUMEN

This study verified the host species of the parasitoid Hemencyrtus herbertii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of adult flies or their parasitoids. The overall occurence of parasitism was 6.5%. The occurrence of parasitism presented in the hosts Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Sarcodexia lambens (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was 1.3% and 29.4%, respectively.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Himenópteros/parasitología , Dípteros/parasitología , Enfermedades Parasitarias/epidemiología , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos

RESUMEN

The status of the homolateral axillary lymph nodes is still the most important prognostic factor in early stage breast cancer. The information obtained from the pathological examination of the lymph nodes guides is of critical importance in the decision process regarding the use of postoperative adjuvant therapy. However, lymph node axillary dissection can be followed by significant locoregional morbidity. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique was developed as a means of avoiding the full exploration of the axilla and consists in the identification of the first lymph node in the lymphatic drainage system of the breast tumour in the homolateral axilla. It has been demonstrated that the status of the SLN is highly predictive for the presence or absence of tumour involvement in the remaining lymph nodes in the axilla. In this study we evaluated the SLN technique using both 99mTc labelled dextran 500 and patent blue V dye in relation to the classical lymph node resection a series of 56 women with early breast cancer who attended the Breast Unit of the Academic Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of the utilization of 99mTc dextran 500 for the SLN technique. As there are no similar commercially available dedicated radiopharmaceuticals labelled for use in lymphoscintigraphy studies, we report on an effective method to label dextran 500 with 99mTc which proved to be simple, inexpensive and yielded similar results for SLN identification compared with those given in the literature. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range 32-82 years). Seventeen patients were age 50 years or less, and 39 patients were older than 50 years. The median tumour size was 2.0 cm (range 0.8-7.0 cm). The mapping of the SLN was possible in all cases during the transoperative period by using a hand-guided gamma probe and a blue dye. A median of 2.0 (range 1-5) SLN were excised per patient. The median of axillary lymph nodes excised per patient was 21 (range 10-36). The calculated sensitivity and specificity of the method were 95.6% and 100%, respectively. The negative predictive value and overall accuracy were 97% and 98.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the SLN technique was feasible and produced similar positive results as previously reported in the literature.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colorantes , Dextranos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos , Colorantes de Rosanilina

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: We sought to measure gallbladder emptying in scleroderma patients, when stimulated by exogenous cholecystokinin. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive scleroderma patients were evaluated. Ten were excluded for the presence of gallstones. Gallbladder motor function was studied in 18 patients and 18 controls, using specific parameters for the quantification of gallbladder emptying dynamics. Resting gallbladder volumes were compared using the Dodds method with real-time ultrasound. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated gallbladder function (0.02 microg/kg CCK intravenous infusion/30 min) was assessed by a scintigraphic technique using 99mTc-DISIDA. Five patients presented with CREST syndrome, 13 with the diffuse form of scleroderma. Four were men, 14 women (average age = 46.6+/-15.4 yr). Patients and controls were paired by gender, age, and weight. RESULTS: Resting gallbladder volumes were larger in the four men with scleroderma than in the women with this disease (p < 0.03, Mann-Whitney). The mean gallbladder resting volume in scleroderma patients was not different from the mean volume detected among controls (p = 0.25), even when controlling for gender (p = 0.78 for women, p = 0.08 for men), scleroderma disease subtype (p = 0.50), or disease duration (p = 0.48). Latency period, ejection period, ejection rate, or ejection fraction as measured during cholecystokinin-stimulated scintigraphic studies were not significantly different between patients and controls. A trend was detected for reduction of the ejection period in scleroderma women (p = 0.70) when compared with scleroderma men. More than 35% of the scleroderma patients presented biliary lithiasis. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in gallbladder dynamics measured by a scintigraphic technique in scleroderma patients, compared with controls, when gallbladder motor function was evaluated by intravenous CCK.

Asunto(s)

Vaciamiento Vesicular/fisiología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Síndrome CREST/diagnóstico , Síndrome CREST/fisiopatología , Colecistoquinina , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Esclerodermia Sistémica/diagnóstico , Disofenina de Tecnecio Tc 99m

RESUMEN

Foi estudada uma técnica da traqueocentese transcutânea, praticada na regiäo cervical ventro-medial, para colheita de secreçäo brônquica de bezerros acometidos de broncopneumonia. Foram colhidas amostras de secreçäo nasal, através de "swabs" para comparaçäo da microflora da secreçäo brônquica, empregando-se a traqueocentese em 52 bezerros com diagnóstico clínico de broncopneumonia. A traqueocentese foi realizada em nível de campo, com material de fácil aquisiçäo e manipulaçäo, mostrando-se eficiente para colheita de secreçäo brônquica, facilmente exequível com o animal em estaçäo, sob contençäo mínima e sem necessidade de anestesia. A quantidade de secreçäo brônquica colhida foi suficiente para execuçäo dos exames bacteriológicos. Os exames demonstraram que a traqueocentese reduziu significativamente (P<0,01) o número de enterobactérias, possivelmente contaminantes, em relaçäo ao "swab" nasal

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bronquios/metabolismo , Bronconeumonía/cirugía , Bovinos , Tráquea/cirugía

RESUMEN

Os autores apresentam o estudo feito em 29 pacientes submetidos a puncao peridural lombar com insercao de cateter que foi mantido durante 3 dias, para a avaliacao da analgesia produzida pela morfina. Com a dose de 5 mg de morfina a latencia variou de 15 a 60 minutos, com media de 20 minutos, e a duracao do efeito variou de 18 a 24 horas, com media de 20 horas. Houve varias intercorrencias: retencao urinaria (65%), prurido (20%), nauseas e vomitos (27%). A retencao urinaria foi contornada com cateterizacao vesical, enquanto que as demais intercorrencias nao foram tratadas, e assim mesmo bem toleradas pelos pacientes. Nao se encontrou nenhum caso em que a analgesia nao fosse considerada boa, sendo que a maioria dos pacientes obtiveram alta hospitalar sem tomar nenhum outro analgesico. Fato interessante foi a observacao da deambulacao precoce dos pacientes, mesmo aqueles submetidos a cirurgias do andar superior do abdomen. A casuistica e pequena, de modo que nao permitiu verificar se o tempo de internacao e ou nao menor do que com o tratamento convencional. E necessario um estudo mais prolongado para se concluir sobre a validade do metodo para uso rotineiro no combate a dor pos-operatoria

Asunto(s)

Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Analgesia , Inyecciones Espinales , Morfina , Dolor Postoperatorio

Asunto(s)

Patología Bucal , Síndrome del Nevo Basocelular , Inflamación