RESUMEN
Ethics teaching in engineering can be problematic because of student perceptions of its subjective, ambiguous and philosophical content. The use of discipline-specific case studies has helped to address such perceptions, as has practical decision making and problem solving approaches based on some ethical frameworks. However, a need exists for a wider range of creative methods in ethics education to help complement the variety of activities and learning experiences within the engineering curriculum. In this work, a novel approach is presented in which first-year undergraduate students are responsible for proposing ethics education activities of relevance to their peers and discipline area. The students are prepared for the task through a short introduction on engineering ethics, whereby generic frameworks for moral and professional conduct are discussed, and discipline and student-relevance contexts provided. The approach has been used in four departments of engineering at Imperial College London, and has led to the generation of many creative ideas for wider student engagement in ethics awareness, reflection and understanding. The paper presents information on the premise of the introductory sessions for supporting the design task, and an evaluation of the student experience of the course and task work. Examples of proposals are given to demonstrate the value of such an approach to teachers, and ultimately to the learning experiences of the students themselves.
Asunto(s)
Curriculum , Ingeniería/ética , Ética Profesional/educación , Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas , Ciencia/ética , Estudiantes , Enseñanza , Ingeniería/educación , Humanos , Londres , Procesos Mentales , Ciencia/educación , UniversidadesRESUMEN
In this study, pretreatment of Afyon (Turkey) alcaloide factory wastewater, a typical high strength industrial wastewater (chemical oxygen demand (COD)=26.65 kgm(-3), biological oxygen demand (BOD(5))=3.95 kgm(-3)), was carried out by wet air oxidation process. The process was performed in a 0.75 litre specially designed bubble reactor. Experiments were conducted to see the advantages of one-stage and two-stage oxidation and the effects of pressure, pH, temperature, catalyst type, catalyst loading and air or oxygen as gas source on the oxidation of the wastewater. In addition, BOD(5)/COD ratios of the effluents, which are generally regarded as an important index of biodegradability of a high-strength industrial wastewater, were determined at the end of some runs. After a 2h oxidation (T=150 degrees C, P=0.65 MPa, airflowrate=1.57 x 10(-5)m(3)s(-1), pH=7.0), the BOD(5)/COD ratio was increased from 0.15 to above 0.5 by using the salts of metals such as Co(2+),Fe(2+),Fe(2+)+Ni(2+),Cu(2+)+Mn(2+) as catalyst.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/química , Residuos Industriales , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Catálisis , Oxidación-Reducción , Oxígeno/análisis , Oxígeno/químicaRESUMEN
Out of 917 burn victims admitted to the Burn Unit of Ankara Numune Hospital between 1986 and 1994, the records of 11 pregnant patients were scrutinized retrospectively. All patients were classified by using the rule of 9's. Two maternal deaths (18%) occurred in patients with burns involving more than 50% of the skin surface area and there were four fetal deaths (36%) which occurred less than 72 h after the burns. These findings support the views that maternal and perinatal outcome is related to the burn severity (surface area + depth), to the presence or absence of complications and to the gestational age of the fetus. In view of the high perinatal mortality, in any patient with extensive burns who is more than 32 weeks pregnant, the fetus should be delivered soon after admission.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Adulto , Superficie Corporal , Quemaduras/clasificación , Quemaduras/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
In 150 patients with the complaint of vaginitis, direct light microscopical examination of vaginal discharge specimens and the cultures of vaginal discharge and urine have been studied. According to the results of vaginal discharge cultures, the most frequent microorganism yielded was E. coli, the following Candida species and Staphylococcus aureus being the second and the third respectively. Meanwhile, in light microscopical examination, in 5 patients Trichomonas vaginalis was seen, while Candida species were the microorganism diagnosed in 30 patients. In the urine cultures, again E. coli was the first microorganism, and Candida and coagulase (-) Staphylococcus being the second and the third frequently seen.